Full text of "History of the Fire lands, comprising Huron and Erie Counties, Ohio, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of the prominent men and pioneers"

577.101

I94w

.128820

M. L.

GENEALOGY

COLLECTION

QaJ

3 1833 02410 7382

•►■-^^

1808.

HISTORY

THE FIRE LANDS,

COMPRISING

Huron and Erie Counties,

OHIO.

Illustrations and Biographical Sketches

SOME OF THE PROMINENT MEN AND PIONEERS,

q 71 JO I

HU^ W. \^^. WILLIAMS

—1879.—

PRESS OF LEADER PRINTING COMPANY, CLEVELAND, O.

U3S820

Prefatory Note,

PEIvIIAPS tlicre is no other district, in Ohio, of ei|iial extent, that has given so much attention to pioneer
iiistory as that which embraces the Fire-lan(]s. An liistorieal society has been in active being since
18r)7, assembling, for the most part, four or five times each year; and thus tlie interest in local history
has not been permitted to grow dormant. This society has issued thirteen volumes, containing for the most
part matter pertinent to pioneer histnry. This matter is set forth in print in the form in uliieh it was first
|irepai-ed — some of it in townshi|i liistories — mneli of the highly valuable in published addresses. Had the
publications reteri-ed to contained full and accii rale histories of all the townships on the Fire-lands there would
still have existed one defect whicha volume such as the autlior now places in the liands of its readers is in-
tended to supply, viz: a lack of careful revision and editing. However, tlie township liistories, as published
in The Pioneer, though excellent in some respects, are greatly lacking in otiier essentials. Many of them fail
to treat of subjects that are entitled to weighty consideration; many of them contain irrelevant matter; some
of them were prepared by writers who are nnaccustomed to work of this nature — additional points that show
the desirableness of a carefully compiled history. However, the author of this volume has not relied upon
Tlie I'inneer as his chief source of information. The facts have been gathered anew. Original documents
and records have been consulted; old settlers and their descendants personally interviewed and the history of
the various townships made as complete as practicable. Tlie first one hundred pages or more, are devoted
to tojiies of a general interest in connection with the history of the Fire-lands, while the remainder of the
book treats of matter pertaining to the history of the various townships included in the I*'ire-lands' district;
while at the close of the volume is appended a brief account of the islands of Sandusky j'.ay. The book
embraces at least one hundred pages more of reading matter tha'i any ])re\ ions similar ]inl)lieation with
which the publisher has been identified. His hope is that the book, which he is eonseious is not wIkpHv free
from faults, may nevertheless meet reasonable expectation.

His thanks are in a special manner due to Mr. P. N. Schuyler, President of the Fire-lands Historical So-
ciety for valued suggestions, and for valuable information npon various topics. That gentleman's C'entennial
Address jjulilishcd in Volume XIII of the Pifniccr, the publisher found of great value and made lilieral use
of facts therein set forth.

The chapter on the Pre-historic Fire-lands is from the able pen of S. A. Wildmax. Esip. of Ni.rwalk. who
has made this subject a special study. Through some inadvertence the jiroper credit in the jiroper |)laee was
not given.

In tiie prej.aration of the history of Lyme, the author had access to the valuable manuscript of Mr. John
Sey.moik, which treats quite fully of the early settlement of the township; to him the publisher is therefore
indebted, as also to Mr. George W. Siikfi'iuli), and Mrs. IiIchaud L. McCUrdy, whom he found it neces-
sary frequently to consult.

Bellevue, Ohio, June 20, 187!l.

CONTENTS.

hustok^io^I-.-

HISTORY OF HUEOU AND EEIE COUNTIES

n
u

20
23

30
34

I.— The Connecticut Western Reserve ....
rr.— The Suffering Towns of Connecticut

Ridgefield .

. 242
. 253

III.— The Fire-Lands— A- List of the Sufferers and their

Sherman

284

Losses

IV.— Indian Title— Copy of the Original Treaty .

Richmond .

. 290

v.— The Survey and Partition

VI.— Physical Features of Huron County— Geography and

Ripley

. 319

Topography

VII.— Geology of Erie County— Surface, Features, and De-

Fiirfield

. 351

posit

VIII.— The Pre-historic Fire-Lands

IX.— The Moravian Missions

Lyme . . .

Norwich

. 377
. 417

X. — Early Settlement

HISTORY

OF TOWNS AND VILLAGES
ERIE COUNTY.

XII.— Civil History

XHL— Erie County— Its Erection and Organization .

XV. Political History

50
52

Florence

. 445

XVIII.— The Fire-Lands Historical Society ....
XIX.— Military History of the Fire-Lands ....
XX.— Roster of Soldiers

61
67
81

HI
1S2
195
202
214

Milan . . .

O.Kford

Huron

Berlin

. 458
. 466
. 470
. 475

HISTORY OF TOWNS AND VILLAGES OF
HURON COUNTY.

Margaretta .

. 490
. 510

MISCELLANEOUS.

Ruggles, Ashland County

Danbury, Ottawa '•

Put-in-Bay, " -

Wakeman

Hartland

Peru

Greenfield

. 501
. 506
. 519

ILLTJSTI^^TIOlsrS-

pa.:e

HARTLAND.

PAGE

Outline Maps of Huron and Erie Counties

. between

8, 9

Portrait of Benjamin F. McCormick .

. facing

196

PERU.

NORWALK.

Residence of Richardson Eaton

. facing

205

Residence of John Gardiner

. facing

111

Portraits of Richardson Eaton and Wife .

205

Portrait of Ashbel G. Post ....

between 122

123

Portrait of Richard Hindley .

Residence '■ " ...

" 122

123

William N. Mitchell

208

Portrait of Judge Chas. B. Stickney .

facing

126

Portraits of Ransom B. Ellsworth and Wife

213

" Col. Franklin Sawyer

135

Hon. John A. Williamson

141

GREENFIELD.

Dr. John Tifft ....

144

Portrait of Samuel McCammon, M.D.

. facing

Ansel Baker ....

147

Residence of Hiram Smith (double page) .

between 224

225

Eri Mesnard ....

153

George Butt ....

158

BRONSON.

John Gardiner (steel)

171

Portraits of A. J. Thomas and Wife

between 228

Piatt Benedict ....

173

Residence of A. J. Thomas

Hon. Timothy Baker (steel) .
Residence and Factory of B. Cortrite

175
176

Portrait of Thomas Lawrence .

. facing

230
?33

Portrait of David Harlow Pease

177

Residence of Leister Smith (with portraits)

23!>

" John Laylin

178

" Caleb H. Gallup

179

Portraits of N. S. Hakes and Wife .

CONTENTS.

IXjXjTJSTI^.^TI03^TS.

Portraits of Samuel S. Nowcuinb and Wife
ResideDCc of Edward Conger (witli portraits)
Portraits of Timothy Lawrence and Wife .
Residence of W. G. Mead
Portrait of W. G. Mead ....
*' George Lawrence

TOWNSEND.

Portraits of JIartin Denman and Wife
Portrait of Dudley S. Humphrey

William Humphrey .

Dr. Edgar Martin .

» RIDGEFIELD.

Portrait of Isaac L'nderhill
Orrin W. Head

" John S. Davis (steel)

Portraits of William A. Bishop and Wife .
Portrait of Henry P. Steniz (steel) .

" Robert G. Martin '•

" Thomas Dickey

Portraits of Salmon Drake and Wife .

CLARKSFIELD.

Portraits of Sherman Smith and Wife
Residence of Andrew J. Blackman .
Portraits of " "

Portrait of Edwin W. Cunninghan

and Wife

SHER.HAN,

Portrait of Lucien Joues .

Residence of William S. Purdy .

PortraiU of William S. Purdy and Wife
" Ransom Purdy and Wife

" Major Purdy and \V\(e .

Residence of Major Purdy

RICHMOND.

. 238
facing 238

facing 244

reen 240, 247

240, 247

270, 271

facing 272

272

facing 280
280

• 2S8, 289
facing 2Sa

Portrait of Dr. William Robinson
Portraits of Uuriah Robinson and Wife .
Residence of Huriah Robinson .
Residence of Daniel Sweetland .

NEW U.VVEN.

Residence of William Motson .

Portraits of Thomxs T. Mulford and Wife

Residence of Thomas T. Mulford

Portraits of R. G. Richards and Wife

Residence of R. G. Richards .

" John Lovelaud (with portraits)

" John Skinner " "

RIPLEY.

Residence of A. D. Stotts (with portraits), double

page

F.C. Paine (with portraits).

FITCHVILLE.

Portraits of Philip Uawxhurst and Wife .
Residence of Philip Hawxhurst

GREENWICH.

Residence of Henry G. Washburn (double page), w
portraits ....
" Chas. A. Sutton (with portraits)

William Sutton .
Portraits of John M. Carl and Wife .
Rosidcnco of John M. CnrI
Portraits of David Sutliff and Wife .

between 322, 323

facing 335
335

between 338, 339

facing 342

345

between 346, 347

" 34B, 347

" 346, 347

Residence of David Sutliff ....
" John Ellis (with portraits) .

William B. Ellis (with portraits)
Portraits of Joseph .Sutton and Wife

FAIRFIELD.

Residence of Clinton McKellogg

" Isaac DeWitt (with portraits)

Portraits of William Baker and Wife

NEW LONDON.

Portrait of Holsy Hubbard
Portraits of Zelotus Barrett and Wife
Residence of the late Zelotus Barrett

" Jesse Perkins (with portraits)

Portrait of Dr. A. D. Skellenger

Lyman Dunks ...
" Tracy Case . .

E. H. Curtiss ....

Residence of E. L. Dole (with portraits) .

Portrait of David Williams

Thomas G. Amsden
Frederick A. Chapman (steel)
Gurdou Woodward
Mary S. Woodward
Bourdett Wood
Mrs. Bourdett Wood
Dr. L. G. Harkncss
Mrs. L. G. Harkness
D. M. Harkness

NORWICH.

PAGE

between 346, 347

" 348, 349

348, 349

facing 350

between 366, 36"

366, 367

facing 368

" 390

405
406, 407
406, 407
412, 413
412, 413
414, 415
414,415

■ing 416

Residence of W. Robinson (with portraits) . facing

Portraits of John U. Xiles and Wife . ....

Residence of Harvey J. Doolittle .... facing
Portraits of Harvey J. Doolittlc and Wile.

John S. Hester and Wife ...

Residence of John S. Hester . . .

Portrait of Charles T. Hester

Residence of Ebenezer Lawrence (with portraits) . facing
Portraits of James H. Dailcy and Wife . between 428,

Residence of James H. Dailey .... " 428,

Portraits of John Bowcn and Wife ... " 428,

Residence of John Bowen " 42S,

Residence of A. B. Gilson (with portraits) . . facing

SANDUSKY CITY.

Portrait of F. D. Parish

BERLIN.

Portraits of Benjamin Summers and Wife .

Milton McLaughlin and Wife .

Hudson Tuttle and Wife.
Portrait of Hon. Almon Ruggles
Portraits of P. B. Barber and Wife .

RUGGLES.

Portrait of Philetus Ferris ....

KELLEY'S ISLAND.

Portraits of Datus Kelley and Wife .

" Charles Carpenter and Wife .

Portrait of George W. Wires ....

rUT-IN-BAY.

Portrait of Lorcnz Miiller

" Simon Fo.\

Portraits of Charles DeKay Townsend and Wife

bzoc3-k.^:ph:ic^Xj.

Ashbel G. Post .
Juilgu Chiis. 15. Stickuey
Col. Franklin Sawyer
Hon. John A. Williamson
Doctor John Tiflt
Ansel Baker

E.i Me

George Butt
John Gartliner .
I'latt Benedict .
Hon. Timothy Baker
Gideon T. Stewart
Barnard Cortritc
David Harlow Pease
John Laylin
Caleb H. Gallup
Benjamin F. McCorm
Richard Hindley
William N. Mitchell
Dean Clapp
Ransom B. Ellsworth
Samuel MoCammon, M.D
Erastus Smith .
Hiram Smith
A. J. Thomas .
Thomas Lawrenc
Alviu Brightman
The Newcombs of Bronson
David Conger .
Leister Smith
Norinan S. Hakes
Timothy Lawrence

John Buffington .
W. G. Mead
Martin Denman .
Duilley S. Humphrey
William Humphrey
Dr. Edgar Martin
Isaac Underbill .
Orrin W. Head .
John S. Davis .
William A. Bishop
Henry P. Stentz
Robert G. Martin
Thomas Dickey .
Salmon Drake .
Reuben Parker .
Sherman Smith and Wife
Andrew J. Blaekraan
Edwin W. Cunningham
Lucicn Jones
The Purdy Family
Major Purdy
Huriah Robinson

between 122, 123
facing 126

between 228, 229
facing 230

. 240

. 241

facing 244

between 246, 247

246, 247

. 251

facing 255

PAGE

Thomas T. Mulford sir

John Skinner 317

Richard G. Richards 317

John Lovoland .......... 31s

William Motson 313

F. C. Paine 325

A. D. Stotts :i2u

Samson and Philip Haw,\hurst 336

Henry G. Washburn 34s

William Benson Ellis 349

John Ellis 340

Joseph Sutton 350

William Baker 360

Isaac De Witt 300

Clinlon M. Kellogg 361

Zelotus Barrett between 366, 367

Dr. A. D. Skellenger facing 372

Isaac P. and Tracy Case 374

Jesse Perkins 375

E. H. Curtiss 375

David Williams facing 385

Thomas G. Amsden ■' 390

Frederick A. Chapman 405

Gurdon Woodward 407

The Rev. Moses Hamilton 409

Amos Woodward 409

Richard Lord MoCurdy 440

Bourdett Wood .......... 442

Dr. L. G. Harkness 414

Orrin Dole 445

D. M. Harkness 416

John H. Niles 421

Charles T. Hester 425

John S. Hester 426

Ebcnezer Lawrence 427

James H. Dailey ......... 428

A. B. Gilson 428

John Bowen 429

Harvey J. Doolittlc 430

AFesley Robinson 430

F. D. Parish 439

Percival B. Salisbury 469

Benjamin Summers ....... facing 479

Milton McLaughlin ....... '• 482

Hudson Tuttle "486

Hon. Ahuon Ruggles 487

Rev. Phineas B. Barber 488

Roxana S. Barber 489

Datus Kelley facing 513

Charles Carpenter . . . . . . . '* 515

George W. Wires 517

Roswell Nichols .518

Lorenz MUller between 520, 521

Simon Fox " 520, 521

Chas. DeKay Townsend 524

A 1 N n 3

N I V U ^

^ 1

03 -^^

^ r zj \X,__^x.^

1 f

^1/

fc:5 i-\'~

*Ki

LORAIM COUNTr

HISTORY

HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES

BY W. W. WILLIAMS.

CHAPTER I.

THE CONNECTICUT WESTERN EESERVE.

The Western Reserve of Connecticut lies between
tlie parallels of 41° and 4-2° i' of north latitiTcle, com-
mencing with the western boundary of Pennsylvania
and extending thence westward one hundred and
twenty miles. The entire tract embraces an area of
seven thousand four hundred and forty square miles,
nearly one-third of which is covered by the waters of
Lake Erie. Within its limits are contained, in whole
or in part, thirteen counties, us follows: Ten counties,
Ashtabula, Trumbull, Lake, Geauga, Portage, Cuya-
hoga, Lorain, Medina, Huron and Erie lie wholly in
the Reserve; two others, Summit and Mahoning, are
mostly within its limits, the former containing six-
teen original townships, only two of which, Franklin
and Green, are south of the line, the latter having
ten townships north of the Reserve line and five
south of it. Ashland county is represented on the
Reserve by Sullivan, Troy and Ruggles townships,
and Ottawa county by the township of Daubury.

There have been numerous claimants'to the soil of
the Reserve. In addition to the red man's title.
Prance, England, the United States, Virginia, Massa-
chusetts, New York and Connecticut have,, at one
time or another, asserted ownership.

The claim of France arose by reason of its being a
portion of the territory which she possessed by right
of discovery.

England laid claim to all territory adjoining those
districts lying along the Atlantic seaboard, whose soil
she possessed by right of occupancy, asserting owner-
ship from sea to sea. The greatest ignorance, how-
ever, prevailed in early times as to the inland extent
of the American continent. During the reign of
James I., Sir Francis Drake reported that from the
top of the mountains on the Isthmus of Panama, he
had seen both oceans. This led to the belief that the
contment from &ast to west was of no considerable ex-
tent, and that the South Sea, by which appellation
the Pacific then was known, did not lie very far

removed from the Atlantic. As late as 1740, the
Duke of Newcastle addressed his letters to the "Island
of New England." This ignorance of the inland ex-
tent of America gave rise, as we shall see, to con-
flicting claims of western territory. England's valid
title to the great west was obtained through conquest,
compelling France, in 1713 and 1763, to surrender
nearly the whole of her American possessions.

The United States succeeded Great Britain in her
right of ownership in American soil, and thus came
to have a claim on the lands of the Reserve. The
claims of Virginia, Massachusetts, New York and
Connecticut were .obtained by virtue of charters
granted to English subjects by English sovereigns.
The tract of country embraced in the Loudon Com-
pany's charter, granted by James I. in 1609, whence
arose Virginia's claim, commenced its boundaries at
old Point Comfort, on the Atlantic, and extended
two hundred miles south and two hundred north
from this point. From the southernmost point, a
line drawn due west to the Pacific formed the south-
ern boundary; from the northernmost i>oiut, a line
running diagonally northwesterly through Pennsyl-
vania and western New York, aci'oss the eastern
portion of Lake Erie, and terminating finally in the
Arctic Ocean, formed the northwestern boundary;
and the Pacific Ocean, or what was then called the
South Sea. the western boundary. The vast empire
lying within these four lines included over one half of
the North American continent, and embraced all of
what was afterwards known as the Northwestern Ter-
ritory, including, of course, the lands of the Reserve.

The claim of Massachusetts rested for its validity
upon the charter of ICyH), granted by James I. to the
council of Plymouth, and embraced all the territory
from the Atlantic to the Pacific lying between the
fortieth and forty-eighth parallels of latitude. This
grant comprised an area of more than a million of
square miles, and included all of the present inhabited
British possessions to the north of the United States,
all of what is now New England, New York, one half
of New Jersey, very nearly all of Pennsylvania, more

UISTOHV OF llUiiUX AM) ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

than the northern half of Ohio, and all the country
to the «-e.st of those States.

In 1630, the Earl of Warwick olHained a grant to
a part of the same territory, and. in the following
year, assigned a portion of his grant to Lord Brooke,
and Viscounts Say and Seal.

In 1664. Charles II. ceded to his brother, tlie Duke
of York, and afterwards King James II. of England,
the country from Delaware bay to the river St. Croix,
and afterwards it was insisted that the granted terri-
tory extended westward to the Pacific. This consti-
tuted New York's claim to western territory, of which
the lands of the Reserve were a portion.

lu 1662, the same monarch granted to nineteen
patentees an ample charter, from which Connecticut
derived her claim to a territory bounded by Massa-
chusetts on tlie north, the sea on the south, Narra-
gansett bay on the east, but extc-udiug to the Pacific
on the west. This grant embraced a strip sixty-two
miles wide, extending from Karragausett bay on the
east to the Pacific Ocean on the west, and the north-
ern and southern boundaries of this tract were the
same as those, in part, which now form the boundaries
at the north and south of the Reserve.

Thus arose conflicting claims. The extent of terri-
tory to which V^irginia insisted she was the rightful
owner, was the largest, and included all the other
claims. That of Massachusetts was next in size, and
included the whole region claimed for Connecticut, as
did the territory embraced in New York's claim.

The United States did not appear as a contestant
until the time of the revolutionary war, when she,
with good reason, insisted that these disputed lauds
belonged of right to Great Britain's couquerer; that
a vacant territory, wrested from a common enemy by
the united arms and at the joint expense and sacrifice
of all the States, should be considered as the property
of the conquering nation, to be held in trust for the
common benefit of all the people of all the States.
To show how groundless were the claims of these
contesting States, it was pointed out that the charters
upon which they were founded had in some instances
been abrogated by judicial decisions, and the com-
panies to which they had been given dissolved; that
the charters were given at a time when much of the
territory to which ownership was claimed under them
was in the actual occupancy of another power; that
all the various grants were made in the grossest igno-
rance of the inland extent of the American continent:
and that George III. had either repudiated the charters
of his royal predecessors or denied to them the right
of sovereignty over territory of so vast extent by
issuing a proclamation forbidding all persons from
intruding upon lands in the valley of the Ohio.

Popular feeling ran high. Contentions between
conflicting claimants frequently resulted in bloodshed.
The prospects of the American Union were darkened;
the difficulties and embarrassments in prosecuting the I
war for independence were greatly augmented. Mary-
laud would not become a member of the Union unless |

the States claiming western territory would relin-
quish their title. In the midst of these gloomy and
foreboding events, in which disaster to the common
cause was more to be feared at the hands of its
friends than its enemies, congress made a strong
appeal to the claiming States to avert the approaching
danger by a cessation of contentious discord among
themselves, and by making li))eral cessions of western
ten-itory for the common benefit.

New York was the first to respond, and, in 1780,
ceded to the United States the lands she claimed
lying west of a line running south from the western
bend of Lake Ontario, reserving an area of nineteen
j thousand square miles. Virginia, in 1784, relin-
quished to congress her title to lands lying northwest
of the Ohio, reserving a district of land in Ohio lying
between the Scioto and Little Miami rivers, which
came to be known as the Virginia Military District,
which reservation was made in order to enable Vir-
ginia to fulfill pledges to her soldiers in the revolu-
tionary war of bounties ]iayable in western lands. In

1785, Massachusetts ceded the western territory to
which slie had been a claimant, reserving the same
nineteen thousand square miles reserved by New
York, which disputed territory was afterwards divided
equally between those two States. Connecticut was
the most reluctant and tardy of all the contesting
States in sacrificing State pretensions for the common
benefit. However, on the 14th day of Septembei'.

1786, her authorized delegates in congress relin-
quished all the right, title, interest, jurisdiction and
claim that she possessed to land within her chartered
limits lying west of a line one hundred and twenty
miles west of and parallel to the western boundary of
Pennsylvania. This one hundred and twenty mile
tract was not conveyed, but reserved, by Connecticut,
and hence the name of Connecticut Western Reserve.

As Connecticut's claim included nearly the whole
of the northern half of the present State of Pennsyl-
vania, it infringed upon the rights of the people of
that State, ^lo alleged ownership by virtue of a
charter to William Penn granted by James II. of
England, in 1G81. Both States strove for the occu-
pancy of the disputed soil, and Connecticut sold to
certain individuals seventeen townships, situated on
or near the Susquehanna river, organized the tract
into a civil township, and attached it to the probate
district and county of Litchfield, in Connecticut.
Westmoreland representatives occupied seats in the
Connecticut legislature. [Pennslyvania protested and,
when the revolutionary contest closed, sent an armed
force to drive the intruders from the lands. The
shedding of blood resulted. The controversy was
finally submitted to a court of commissioners ap-
pointed by congress, on the petition of Pennsylvania,
as i)rovided in the ninth article of the Confederation,
which gave to congress the power to establish a court
for the settlement of disputed boundaries. This
court sat at Trenton, New Jersey, in 1787, when the
case was tried and decided against Connecticut. The

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

title to lands lying west of Pennsylvania was not in-
volved in this adjudication, and Connecticut still
insisted upon the validity of her claim to lands not
ceded by her to the United States.

At a session of the Connecticut legislature held at
New Haven, in 1786 and 1787, it was resolved to offer
for sale that part of the Reserve lying east of the
Cuyahoga, the Portage path and the Tuscarawas, and
a committee of three persons was appointed to cause
a survey to be made and to negotiate a sale. Nothing,
however, was immediately done. On the 10th of
February, 1788, however, certain lands lying within
the limits of the Reserve were sold to General Samuel
H. Parsons, then of Middletown, Connecticut. This
was afterwards known as the salt spring tract, General
Parsons having explored the country and had found
the location of a salt spring near the Mahoning. He
selected a tract including the spring and containing
about twenty-five thousand acres.

In May, 1795, the legislature, in session at Hart-
ford, appointed a committee of eight persons to
negotiate the sale of the Reserve excepting the "suf-
ferer's lands" and the salt spring tract. They effected
a sale in separate contracts with forty-eight different
individuals, realizing for the State the sum of one
million two hundred thousand dollars. The money
thus realized was set apart as a common school fund.
The following were the original purchasers of the
Reserve, not including the Fire-lands:

Joseph Honiand..

Daniel L. Coit

Elias Morgan

Daniel L. Coit

Caleb Atwater

Daniel Holbrook . .
Joseph Williams . .

William Law

William Judd

ElishaHyde

Uriah Tracey

James Johnson...
Samuel Mather, Jr
Ephraim Kirby . . . .
Elijah Boardman. . ,
Uriel Holmes, Jr..,

Luther Loomis

Ebenezer King, Jr.,

William Lyman

John Stoddard

Davis King

Moses C'leaveland. .
Samuel P. Lord. . . .
Roger Newbury....

Enoch Perkins

•Jonathan Bruce

8 30,401
.51,408

60,000
44,818
24,730

32,600
14,093

38,000

Oliver Phelps (

Gideon Granger f

Solomon Griswold

William Hart

Henry Champion, 8d. . .

Ashur Miller

Robert C. Johnson. .

Ephraim Post

Xehemiah Hubbard, Jr.

Solomon Cowles

Oliver Phelps

Asahel Hathaway

John Caldwell I

PelegSantord f

Timothy Burr

Ephraim Starr

Sylvanus Griswold

Jabez Stocking )

Joshua Stow [■

Titus Street

James Bull i

Aaron Olmstead l

John Wyles )

Pierpont Edwards

8 80,000
10,000

Grand total $1,200,000

These gentlemen formed themselves into a body
corporate, under the name of '-The Connecticut Land
Company," and proceeded to survey and divide their
lands. The survey of the lands east of the Cuyahoga
was made in 1796, and partition effected, by draft,
January 39, 1798. The lands of the Reserve west of
the Cuyahoga were divided in 1807.

CHAPTER II.

THE SUFFEBING TOWNS OF CONNECTICUT.

Though her sons were not wanting in patriotism,
and freely offered up their lives in the cause of inde-
pendence, the soil of Connecticut was not the theater
of any of the great battles or campaigns of the revo-
lutionary period, and was, for the most part, remote

from the scene of hostilities. None of the historic
battles — Lexington, Bunker Hill, Monmouth, Tren-
ton, Yorktown — were fought within her borders. Yet
the war did not terminate without leaving here, as
elsewhere, the evidence that it is its mission to cause
suffering and death. On many different occasions the
British troops, who occupied New York City for the
greater part of the war, sent out expeditions to de-
stroy stores and shipping in the towns of Connecticut.
The object of these expeditions, or forays, was best
attained by landing in the niglit, destroying and burn-
ing what they could, and then retiring and putting to
sea before any considerable force could be gathered to
prevent them from carrying out their plans, but in
nearly every instance there was skirmishing, resulting
in loss of life, the most notable being the massacre at
Groton. Nine towns were thus visited, burned, jilnu-
dered, laid waste, or despoiled. The account of the
misfortunes that befell these towns and their citizens
furnishes some of the most deeply interesting chap-
ters of the history of the Revolution; doubly interest-
ing to the people of the Fire-lands, as it is from these
occurrences that the laud of their occupancy derives
its name and being, and it is therefore appropriate
that siiace be given to their recital in the present
work.

XEW LOXnON.

The following account of the burning of New Lon-
don is mainly, and often literally, taken from Caulkin's
history of that town and county. More space is given
to the incidents attending the destruction of New
London, and the massacre at Groton, not only on
account of their greater relative importance, but be-
cause many scenes related as transpiring here were
common at other places, and are therefore mentioned
but once.

The writer referred to says: "It may be obsei-ved in
general terms, that during the whole war New London
was a den of serpents to the British — constantly send-
ing out its sloops and schooners, well manned by skill-
ful and daring seamen, to harass the boats and ten-
ders along the shore, or to cutoff merchant vessels on
the high seas. Rich prizes, in spite of their vigilance,
would run into this open port, and if pursuit was ap-
prehended, they might be hurried up to Norwich,
entirely out of reach. The year 1777 forms, indeed,
an exception to the universality of this assertion; so
great was the vigilance of the British squadron on
this coast, that between the summer of 1776 and that
of 1778, not a single prize was brought into the harbor
of New London.

"Althrough New London had been repeatedly
threatened, no direct attack was made upon the town
till near the close of the war in 1781. Gen. Arnold,
on his return from a predatory descent upon the coast
of Virginia, was ordered to conduct a similar expedi.
tion against his native State. A large quantity of
West India goods and European merchandise, brought
in by various privateers, was at this time collected in

HISTORY OF HUKON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

New Loiuloii; the iiuantity of shipping in port was
very considerable, and among the prizes recently taken
was the Hannah, Capt. Watson, a rich merchant ship
from Loudon, bound to New York, which had been
captured a little south of Long Island, by Caj)t I)nd-
ley Saltonstall, of the Minerva privateer. The loss
of this shij), whose cargo was said to be the most val-
uable brought into America during the war, had exas-
perated the British, and more than any other single
circumstance, istliought to have led to the expedition.
At no other period of the war could they have done
so much mischief; at no other had tlie inliabitants so
much to lose.

"The expedition was fitted out at New- York, and
consisted of thirty-two sail, including twenty-four
transports, and the troops numbered eighteen hundred.
Late in the evening of the 5th of September, 1781,
information was received in New London, of the pres-
ence of a Britisli fleet on the shore of Long Island.
So many false demonstrations of attack had been
made during the war that this intelligence caused but
little alarm. No public notice was given of it, and
no unusual precaution taken against surprise. At
nightfall the fleet began to move, aud arriving on the
coast at one o'clock would undoubtedly have accom-
plished its design, which was to descend suddenly
upon the town, under cover of darkness, with such
expedition as to destroy the fortifications, shipping,
stores, etc., and depart before any considerable force
could be collected to oppose them. As they were
about making preparations to land the wind shifted,
the fleet was obliged to stand off until morning, aud
it was ten o'clock before the troops debarked. They
were in two divisions, about eight hundred landing on
the Groton side, and nine hundred or a thousand on
tlie New London side. A considerable jwrtiou of the
troops were loyalists.

"In the meantime confused and hasty prejiarations
had been made to receive them. At early dawn the
fleet had been discovered lying off, becalmed, but the
transports were making preparations to beat in to the
mouth of the river. Signal guns were fired to call
assistance from the neighboring country. * *
* , * * In the town consternation and fright
were suddenly let loose. No sooner were the terrible
guns heard, than the startled citizens made haste to
.send away their families, and their portable and most
valuable goods. Throngs of women and children
were dismissed into the fields and woods, some without
food, and others with a piece of bread or a biscuit in
their hands. Such was the confusion of the scene,
that families, in many cases, were scattered upon dif-
ferent roads: children eight or ten years of age were
•sent off into the country, their parents lingering to
bury or conceal some of their effects. Groups of
fugitives gathered on the high hills afar off, watching
with intense interest the movements of the enemy,
who,se course might be traced by their gleaming arms
and scarlet coats, until the sun hid them from their
view. Colonel William Lodvard was the militarv com-

mandant. The garrisons were small, l)arely sufficient
to keep the posts in order, and in cases of emergency
they depended on volunteers from the neighborhood
or details of militia. These were coming in now and
the commander confidently anticipated the arrival of
sufficient aid to warrant a defense.

" In the meantime great efforts were made to secure
the shipping in the harbor by getting it up the river,
but at first neither wind nor tide favored the attempt.

"Toward noon, however, before the enemy had got
possession of the town, a favorable breeze came in
from the water, and a considerable number of vessels
escaped up the river. ***** guch con-
fusion reigned in the town, every householder being
engaged in the care of his family and effects, that it
was difficult to form any concerted plan of action.
But when the women and children had departed, the
men began to gather in groups, and consult respecting
the course to be pursued. They could muster but few
effective men; flight and concealment seemed the only
prudent course for them to adopt."

But about one hundred, hastily armed, and indig-
nant at the thought of abandoning their homesteads
without a blow, collected on Tower Hill, with a view
of obstructing the course of the enemy. They were
without a commander, and as the advancing files of
regular soldiers, in firm array, with glistening steel,
appeared in sight, they saw the rashness of their de-
sign, and scattering into the fields, concealed them-
selves behind rocks and fences, and annoyed the troops
whenever they could.

No serious resistance was, however, made to the
entrance of the troops, aud once in the town the de-
struction of ])roperty was begun. "Vengeance and
destruction had no check; shops, stores, dwellings,
piles of lumber, wharves, boats, rigging and vessels
were soon enveloped in smoke and flame. Hogsheads
were knocked in, sugar and coffee lay in heaps, and
rum and Irish butter, melt in the fire, trickled along
streets and filled the gutters. * * * Ou the pa-
rade all was destroj-ed. The market, wharf, the old
magazine and battery, the court house, jail and jail
house, the Episcopal church, and several contiguous
shops aud dwelling houses, were soon a iieap of
ashes. The western part of this street was left
unhurt. The ancient, dilapidated old building, still
extant near the corner of Green street, was then,
as it since has been, a well known tavern stand.
The landlady, like many other American women in
those disastrous times, had lier nearest friends ar-
rayed ou opposite sides. Her husband, as sergeant
iu the militia, was at his post iu the field annoying
the invaders, and her brother was one of those in-
vaders, an officer under Arnold's command. Before
mounting her horse to escape, she had her tal)le spread
and furnished bountifully with provisions. Though
fleeing with her patriot husband, she could not refrain
from leaving a dinner for her tory brother. That
oHicer eagerly sought the threshold of his relative,
and thouiih he found her iiot, refreshed himself and

HISTOEY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

his brother officers with the collation." The enemy,
however, did not, in general, spare the dwellings
of their reunited friends. This, instead of being
a favor, would have marked them out for patriot
vengeance. Arnold himself took some refreshment
that day at the house of an old acquaintance in Bank
street, but even before they rose from the table, the
building v/as in flames over them. It has been often
stated that some whose property was destroyed, re-
ceived in the end double compensation; that is, from
the British, on account of their loyalty, and from
Congress, in the grant of Fire-lands, by which repar-
ation was made to the sufferers. Arnold was born
within fourteen miles of New London, and had lived
so long in the vicinity that he had many acquaint-
ances in town; some of these, it was well known, had
held secret intercourse with him, and officiated as
counsellors and guides in this expedition.

It is doubtless a fact that the wanton burning of
dwellings had not l^eeu at first intended. Arnold
says in his report: " The explosion of the powder and
the change of wind soon after the stores were fired,
communicated the flames to part of the town, which
was, notwithstanding every effort to prevent it, un-.
fortunately destroyed." Sir Henry Clinton, in his
official letter to England, expresses his concern that
the town was burned, but says it was unavoidable,
and occasioned by the explosion of gunpowder.

"It ought to be stated as a general fact that Ar-
nold's orders appear to have been given with some
reference to humanity and the laws of civilized war-
fare. Private houses were to be spared, unless in
some few instances where the owners were particularly
obnoxious. It was afterwards well understood that
most of the spoil and havoc in private houses was the
work of a few worthless vagrants of the town, who
prowled in the wake of the invaders, hoping in the
general confusion not to be detected." The loss of
life was not great, being a half dozen killed and a
dozen wounded on each side. A few of the inhab-
itants were carried off as prisoners.

Tlie next morning at eight o'clock the fleet made
sail. "By this timet he whole surrounding country
was in motion. All the militia, all who had friends
on the seaboard, all who hated the British, all who
were impelled by curiosity, came rushing to the scene
of desolation, mingled with the fugitives returning
after a night of terror and anxiety, to their forlorn
homes. On the hights, in view of the town, they
paused and gave vent to lamentations and cries of an-
guish over the smoking ruins."

That the enemy suffered so little annoyance on the
New London side, and were allowed to retire unmo-
lested to their ships, has been attributed to the want
of an efficient leader to concentrate and direct their
force. But even under the ablest commander, • no
position of attack or defense could have been sus-
tained. What could be effected by a motley assem-
blage of two hundred citizens against a compact army
of one thousand disciplined soldiers!' It was well

that no daring leader came forward to germinate and
encourage rash attempts, whose only result must have
been a duplicate of the slaughter on the other side of
the river. A single spark more, to kindle indignation
to a flame, and the inhabitants had come rushing down
on the enemy to pour out their blood like water.

The loss of New London, from this predatory visit
can only be given in its main items: sixty-five dwell-
ing houses were burnt, occupied by ninety-seven fam-
ilies; thirty-one mercantile stores and warehou.ses;
eighteen mechanics shops, twenty barns, and nine
other buildings for public use, including the Episco-
pal church, court house, jail, market, custom house,
etc. Nearly all the wharfing was destroyed, except
sixteen sloo})s which escaped up the river.

While at New London the loss of life was inconsid-
erable, it was different on the other side of the river,
at Groton; and the occurrences of the 6th of Septem-
ber are among the most sad and tragic of the revolu-
tionary period. A small body of brave men, hastily
gathered together in the morning, occupied Groton
fort. They numbered only one hundred and fifty men
all told, and were commanded by Colonel Ledyard.
They were assaulted by an overwhelming force of
eight hundred British, under command of Lieutenant
Colonel Ej-re, and though they made a heroic de-
fense it was all in vain, the fort was taken, nor did
the work of butchery stop even after the surrender.
The few remaining brave men were mostly massa-
ci'ed. Arnold says eighty-five were killed and sixty
wounded, most of them mortally; about thirty of the
least injured were taken away as prisoners. The
others were paroled, taken out of the fort, the maga-
zine of which was then set on fire, but it was extin-
guished, before the explosion, by an American who
approached the fort soon after the British had left.

"As soon as it was known that the British had re-
embarked, all Groton was moved, enquiring for her
sons. Women and children assembled before the
morning dawn, with torches in their hands, examin-
ing the dead and wounded in search of their friends.
They passed the light from face to face, but so bloody
and mangled were they — their features so distorted
with the energy of resistance, or the convulsion of
pain, that in many cases the wife could not identify her
husband, or the mother her son. Forty wives had
been made widows that day, all i-esiding near the
scene of action. A woman,, searching for her hus-
band among the slain, cleansed the gore from more
than thirty faces before she found the remains she
sought."

The wounded men left, in a house at the foot of the
hill, were given attention. Two had already died,
but most of the others finally recovered. Fourteen
among the dead, and three among the wounded, bore
the title of captain, some having served in the army,
others in the militia, while others commanded vessels.
Of the killed, sixty belonged to Groton and twelve to

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

New London. Eleven bore the name of Avery and
six that of Perkins.

The British loss is stated to have been fifty-four
killed and one hundred and forty-three wounded. A
granite monument one jiundred and twenty-seven feet
in height, bearing the names of the heroic dead, com-
memorates the scene of the bloody encounter.

DAXBUUY.

In the latter part of the year 1776, this town was
selected as a place for the deposit of military stores
for the Continental army. A large quantity having
been collected, Governor Tryon, with a detachment
of two thousand British troops, set out to destroy
them, in which attempt they were successful, as the
inhabitants were not prepared to defend the town
against such odds. They entered the town in the
afternoon of April '26, 1777, and left the next morn-
ing. The amount of stores destroyed was about three
thousand barrels of pork, one thousand bari'els of
flour, several hundred barrels of beef, one thousand
six hundred tents, two thousand bushels of grain;
also, rum, wine, rice, etc., a considerable amount.
Nineteen dwelling houses, a meeting house, and
twenty-two stores and barns, were destroyed by fire.

NEW HAVEN.

The attack on New Haven was preceded by a proc-
lamation, or address, to the inhabitants of Connecti-
cut, dated July 4, 1779, and signed by Commodore
George Collier, commander-in-chief of his majesty's
ships and vessels on the coast, and also by Major
General William Tryon, commanding his majesty's
land forces on a separate expedition. Three sentences
of the proclamation will indicate its character: ''The
ungenerous and wanton insurrection against the sov-
ereignty of Great Britain, into which this colony has
been deluded by the artifices of designing men, might
well justify in you every fear which conscious guilt
could form, respecting the intentions of the present
armament. Your towns, your property, yourselves,
lie within the grasp of the power whose forbearance
you have ungenerously construed into fear, but whose
lenity has persisted in its mild and noble efiorts, even
though branded with the most unworthy imputation.
The existence of a single habitation on your defence-
less coast, ought to be a subject of constant reproof
of your ingratitude."

On the following day a descent was made upon
Now Haven. The fleet consisted of forty-eight sail,
under command of Commodore Sir George Collier.
There were on board about three thousand troops un-
der command of General Tryon. They soon got full
possession of tlie town, not without opposition on the
part of the hastily collected militia, who soon deliv-
ered it up to promiscuous plunder and destruction.
A number of stores were burned, and eight houses in
East Haven. The conduct of the troo]is was luulal.
and many needless cruelties and indiginins jiiMctirrd
upon the persons of the inhabitants. Wimnikd men

were put to death, women were ravLshed and aged
people murdered. Twenty-seven of the inhabitants
were killed, and some thirty or forty carried off as
prisoners. Among the wounded was Rev. Naphthali
Daggett, president of Y'ale college, who was maltreated
after he was taken prisoner.

This place was laid in ashes by Governor Tryon. ia
the revolutionary war. The event took place July S,
1779. A few militia assembled to oppose the advance
of the British ti'oops, but the invasion was so sudden
and unexpected that their efforts were fruitless. The
town was plundered; a great part of the houses burnt,
and the inhabitants turned out into the world almost
literally destitute. Eighty-four dwelling houses, two
churches, an elegant eouct house, fifty-five barns, fif-
teen stores, and fifteen shops were destroyed by fire.

After having laid Fairfield in ashes, Governor Tryon
and his forces, crossed the sound to Huntington Bay
and remained until July 11, 1779, when they sailed
over to Norwalk and landed in the evening. In the
morning they proceeded to burn the town. Only six
houses were left standing, eighty being consumed, as
well as two churches, eighty-seven barns, four mills,
and five vessels.

CHAPTER III.

From the preceding chapter the reader has learned
how the inhabitants of the suffering towns sustained
losses during the revolutionary war. To make com-
pensation for these losses, the State of Connecticut,
l^rior to the sale to the Connecticut Land Company,
released and quit-claimed to the suffering inhabitants
five hundred thousand acres, to be taken from the
western end of the Reserve. The tract so granted
embraces the present counties of Huron and Erie, the
township of Ruggles in Ashland county, and of Dan-
bury in Ottawa county. The name "Fire-lands" had
had its origin in the fact that the lands were donated
because of losses which occurred by reason of fire.

Frequently did the inhabitants of the nine suffering
towns appeal to the Connecticut legislature for some
material recognition of their claims for relief. The
State afforded limited aid by the abatement of taxes,
but no adequate compensation was provided for some
years.

In 1787, at tlie May session, the memorialists made
another and a strong appeal, asserting the justness
of their claims and complaining of the neglect their
previous petitions had suffered. They earnestly
urged the attention of the legislature to their prayer,
which was signed for the petitioners of the several
towns as follows: By Charles Chauncey, of New

HISTORY OF HUEON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Haven; Philip Burr Bradley, of Ridgefield; Daniel
Ta^'lor, of Daubury; Thomas Fitch, of Norwalk;
Jonathan Sturges, of Fairfield; John Mead, of Green-
wich; John Deshon, of New Loudon; and Andrew
Ward, of Groton. The assembly referred this memo-
rial to a special committee, consisting of Hon. Andrew
Adams, of the upper house, and Colonel Jeremiah
Wadsworth, Major Charles Phelps, Major Wni. Hart,
Colonel Charles Burrell and Captain Moses Cleave-
Jand, of the lower liouse. [See documents relating
to revolutionary war, volume XXXVI, number three
hundred and fifty-one.]

In October of the same year, this committee re-
ported that, for want of exhibits, certificates and
vouchers, they were unable to present either a correct
statement of the amount of losses, or of the relief
already granted by the State; that the houses, build-
ings and furniture destroyed by the enemy ''onglit fn
be, by this State, paid for at their just value;" and
that the only means in the power of this State at
present to pay the same, is in western lands." [lb..
Doc. 117.]

The report, after discussion, was approved, and
with this the matter rested. Further action being
postponed from session to session, Thaddeus Burr
and others, at the December session of 1790, presented
a new petition. Thereupon a committee, consisting
of Hon. John Treadwell, Ashur Miller and Captain
John Chenwood, was appointed to ascertain the
amount of the losses of the memorialists and others
who had undergone similar misfortunes. This com-
mittee entered upon its work without delay. At the
May session of 1791, further time was asked and
given. It was not until May, 1792, that the labors
of the committee were so far completed as to enable
the assembly to take action, which it then did as fol-
lows:

"At a general assembly o£ the State ot Connecticut holden at Hart-
ford on the second Thursday ot May, A.D., 1702:

"Upon the memorial of the inhabitants of the towns ot Fairfield and
Norwalk, shewing to this assembly that many of the inhabitants of said
towns suffered great losses by the devastations of the enemy during the
late war, praying a compensation therefor, and a report of a committee
appointed by the assembly at this session held at Hartford in May, 1791,
to ascertain from documents in the public offices the ajnount of the
losses of the said memorialists, and others under similar circumstances,
which had been estimated conformably to acts of this legislature, being
such as were occasioned by excursions ot the enemy during the late
war, distinguishing the losses ot buildings and necessary furniture from
those of other articles, by said documents or otherwise, and also to
ascertain the advancements which have been made to sufferers by
abatement of taxes or otherwise, and to report the same, with their
opinion relative to the ways and means ot affording for the relief, as
per memorial and report on file.

"Resolved, By this assembly, that there be and there hereby are re
leased and quit-claimed to the sufferers hereafter named, or their legal
i-epresentatives where they are dead, and to their heirs and assignees
forever, five hundred thousand acres of land belonging to this State
lying west ot the State ot Pennsylvania, and bounding northerly on the
shore of Lake Erie, beginning at the west line ot said lands and extend-
ing eastward to a line running northerly and southerly parallel to the
east line of said tract of land belonging to this State, and extending the
whole width ot said lands, and easterly so far as to make said quantity
of five hundred thousand acres of land exclusive of any lands within
said bounds, it any be, which may have been heretofore granted to be
divided to and among the said sufferers, and their legal representatives
where they are dead, in proportion to the several sums annexed to their
names as follows in the annexed list."

The total'amount of losses awarded was one hun-
dred and sixty-one thousand five hundred and forty-
eight pounds eleven shillings and six and a half pence
New England currency, equivalent to five hundred and
thirty-eight thousand four hundred and ninety-five
dollars and twenty-six cents. The board of commis-
sioners ascertained that the number of sufferers was
about eighteen hundred and seventy. The follow-
ing table will show in what proportion these sufferers
and their losses were distributed among the suffering
towns :

Greenwich 883 persons, £13,000 Os. OJ^tt

Norwalk 289 " 23,889 19 2J^

Fairfield 269 " 34,339 11

Danbury 187 " 8,238 10 7^

New and East Haven 410 " 16,986 5 4

New London 273 " 54,398 7 3^

Ridgefield , 65 " 1.736 1 10

Groton 93 " 7,739 13 6

Total 1,870 " £161,548 U.S. e^d

The names of the sufferers are classified by towns,
and the amount of loss sustained by each is given in
pounds, shillings and pence. The following list is
taken from the "Classification Record," an old book
in the office of the recorder of Huron county, and,
though far from being well arranged, the names have
been copied in the order there given. Even where a
cursory glance might seem to show the list alj^ha-
betical, further examination will disclose many ex-
ceptions. The largest amount awarded to any one
individual was to Jeremiah Miller, of New Londouj^
in the sum of two thousand five hundred and thirty-
five pounds eighteen shillings and ten pence, or eight
thousand eight hundred and forty-five dollars and
thirty-one cents; the smallest on the list is that of
Marah Kilby, of New Haven, two shillings six pence,
or forty-one and two-thirds cents.

The names on the list are familiar ones. Many of
them and their descendants settled on the Fire-lauds,
and their posterity are numerous here to-day. The
family names are almost exclusively of English deriva-
tion, there being a notable absence of the Irish,
Scotch, French and German names so common at
the present day. Buf the .baptismal names were
peculiar, and, in this respect, time has wrought
changes. Amos, Abijah, Ephraim, Ebenezer, Eleazar,
Hezekiah, Joshua, Justin, Jedediah, Jotham, Oba-
diah, Nehemiah, Titus, Timothy and Uriah were as
common as Abraham, Benjamin, John, James, Mat-
thew, Moses and Solomon, while Eliphalet, Eliakim,
Shadrach, Shubael and Zechariah and many more
names now unheard of are of freijuent occurrence.
The names of George. Charles, Albert, Edward, Wil-
liam, Henry, Frederick and Richard were not alto-
gether wanting, but were less esteemed than tliose
taken from scripture. In the names of women, Anna,
Abigail, Charity, Deliverance, Deborah, Prudence,
Priscilla, Ruth, Thankful and Temperance, are as
easily picked out as Lucy, Mary, Jane and Sarah. It
is needless to say there were no Allies or
.lennies or Minnies.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Another feature will strike even the most casual
reader, and that is the absence of middle names —
scarcely one person in a hundred is so provided —
while Jr., 2d, and even 3d, are common suffixes used
to distinguish those of the saflie family having the
same name.

LIST OF ORIGIXAL .SUFFEKEK.S CLASSIFIED BY TOWNS
WITH THE AMOUNT OF EACH INDIVIDUALS LOSS.

GREEXWICB.

John AiMington
Samuel Ask
Abigail Armour
Lauren Bruniall
James Brown
William Bush
John Bxish
James Barnes
Samuel Banks
Roger Brown 1

Isaac Bush
Neheniiah Brown
William Blake

Isaac Anderson
Obeiliah Banks
Peter C'vphus
James Lunningham
Joseph C hambers
Debcirah Close
Danii

Tho

aahl

hen Havis
Daniel Iiarrow
Humphrey Denton

Charity Banks
Silas Butts

James Brush
Samuel Brush
Deborah Brush
Walter Butler
Charles Brundage
Elisha Belcher
William Brundage
, Peter Brown
'John Clapp. Jr.
Thomas llapp
Odel Close
Jaciih Conklin

.■lose (Adii

Keuben Coe
Abraham Close
Joseph Close :

Jonathan Coe
Jeremiah Chapman
Odel Close. Jr.
Horse X. Church
Episcopal Church
Jonathan Connery
Abraham Hays
Thomas Hobby, Jr.
Hannah Hays
Joseph Hubby, Jr.
John Hobby

Holmes

David Hallcock
Isaac Hclmes, Jr.
William Hubbard
Nathaniel Hubbard
Thomas Hitchcock
Nat Huested
Ebenezer Howe
Jona. Hubbard, Jr.
Benjamin Hubby
Ebenezer Hubby
John Dunn
Isaac Davis
James Kerriss
Urial Fields
Oliver Kairchild
Jabez Ferris
Jonathan Finch
Nathaniel Finch
Timothy Ferris
Solomon Finney
Joshua Franklin
Sylvanus Ferris
Jabez Filch
Josiah Ferris
Timothy Finch
Joseph Ferris
Moses Ferris

Charles Green
Anne Greggs
Jabez Holmes
Reuben Holmes
Mills Hobby
Isaac Howe'

■m

■ra

(Kl

1(1

1.5

111

:'.

■i

l.S

l.i

1.5

13
1.5

111

Mindwell Hitchcock 18

Jonah Knapp 44

Nathaniel Knapp 15

Eunice Knapp 14

Joshua Knapp 125

John Knapp 23

Charles Knapp 11

William Kinch 5

Jonathan Knapp 26

Ezekiel Knapp 25

Abraham Knapp 2

Widow Kinch 8

Samuel Lockwood 108

Israel Lock-wood 51
Philip Loekvvood

Enos Lnckwood !3
Thaddeus Lockwood 54

Peter Heusted S6
Abraham Heusted

Moses Heusted. Jr. 2

Ebenezer Holmes 9

James Hounam 208

Meeting House 20

Thomas Hobby 69

Benjamin Huested 6

Nathaniel Hubby 12

Sarah Halt 3

Joseph Hubby. Jr. 31

Elizabeth Ingersoll 68

Nathaniel Ingersoll 59

William Jacobs "60

Anne Ingersoll 14

Job Ireland

Amos Jes-sop 20

Thomas Johnson 41

William Johnson 8

James Johnston 8

Israel Knapp. Jr. 4

Ebenezer Knapp 147

Javed Mead 68

Daniel Marshall 22

Elizabeth Moore 7

Martin McDonald 4
Ezra Marshall

Ben.iamin Mead 111

Rachel Marshall 10

Peter Mead, Esq. i:i8

John Mead 162

Hannah Mead . 2

Sarah Mead 71

Ebenezer Mead 5

Charles Mead

Eliphalet Mead. Jr. 95

Ichiel Mead 5

Abraham Mead 17

Eliphalet Mead 5

Nehemiah Mead 55

Mathew Mead 61

Titus Mead 95
Nehemiah Mead, Jr. 9

Daniel Merritt 36

John Loudon 7

Caleb Lyon 9

Joseph Lockwood 30

William Lee 7
Timothy Lockwood 10
Hannah Lockwood 29
William Lockwood 18

Gilbert Lyon 16
Abraham Lockwood ..

Amos Lyon 19

James Lyon 58

Ezekiel Lockwood 9

James Lyon, Jr. 7

Caleb Lyon. Jr. 29
TheophilusLockwood 2

Jonas Mead 20

Andrew Marshall 26

Peter Mead. Jr. 41

Caleb Mead aS

Reuben Merritt 25

John Mead. Jr. .54
Nathaniel Mead, 3d 18
Jeremiah Mead. Jr. 92
Gilbert Marshall
Delivtrance and Ja-

red Mead 200

Henry Marshall 25

Joseph Mead 39

Shadrack Mead 42

Caleb Mead, '.d 76

Abigail .Mead 6

Jonah Mead 24

Enos Mead 12

Sibil Mead 80

Angus McCall 13

Zacbeus Mead !i

Ezra Marshall .56

Elkanah Mead

John Mesnard

Andrew Mead

Jotham Mead

Eliphalet and Ichiel

Robert Nutt

Francis Nash

■>46

Daniel Ogden

Silas Mead

Thomas Mesnard

William Marshall

Deliverance Mead

Jemima Mead

Rev. Jonathan Mur

dock

Jesse Mead

Henry Mead

105

Elizabeth Mead

Dr. Amos Mead

180

Joshua Mead

Jerusha Mead

John Mesnard, Jr.

James Moe

Nathaniel Merrit

Edmond Mead

Titus Palmer

Jere and John Wood

Palmer

Hoiton Reynolds

(,5

William Rundall

Susannah Reynolds

Anue Reynolds

Nath. Reynolds, Jr.
John Ricf.

Hannah Rundell

Hannah Ritch

Mary Ritch

Reuben Randall

Anny Rundall

Joanna Reynolds

Solomon Rundall

Thi mas Ritch

Timothy Rundall

Jonathan Reynolds

Abigail Rundall

Samuel Rundal"

Ambrose and Jona

than Reynolds

Nathaniel Reynolds

Shubael Rundall

Joseph Sackett

Samuel Seymour

195

Joshua Smith

149

Jonah Smith

Justus Sackett

223

Daniel Smith

Oliver Sherwood

Drake Seymour

123

Jabez Shei wood

Henry St eedwell

Gilbert Sherwood

Rev.William Seward 25

Benjamin Sutton

David and Joshua

Smith

218

Thomas Steedwell

irxir^^i.

100

Sarah Parsons

TheophilusPeck.Ji

. 50

James Phillips

Denham Palmer,

John Palmer

Mary Peck

Catharine Peck

Heth Peek

John Purdy
Winans Palmer

Daniel Palmer

Benjamin Peck

Samuel Palmer

Gould John Sellich

Roger Sutherland

John Town

William Town

Oliver Tompkins

Michael C.fempany 76

Mary Town

Zebediah Taylor

William Wairos

Ebenezer Whelplej

Isaac Wood

18-^

John Willis

John Weeks

Francis Wilmott

Jeffrey Wilmeten

Isaac \Vhelpley

SOBWALK.

Thomas Benedict

779

Josiah Thatcher

400

James Fitch. Jr.

319

Thomas Fitch

387

5^J

James Fitch

219

John Lockwood. Jr

249

Abraham Camp

heirs

142

Seth Seymours h'r

Sl57

NathlRaymond.J
Fountain Smith

.144

1^4

158

John Seymoiu-. Jr

161

9H!

Abraham Benedic

Thomas Betts l''i7
John and Daniel Ev-

ersley 1.54

John Benedict 172

Daniel Hyatt 85

Peter Betts 180

Ebenezer Whitney 108

Gould Hays 195

Uriah Raymond 124

Abigail Raymond 144

Jabez Saunders 31

John Cannon 1933

Lois Whitney 88

Stephen Smith 48

Ezra Rickett 82

John Saunders 241

William Seymour 93
Nathaniel Benedict 359
Eliphalet Lockwood 721

Hannah Hooker 211
HezekiahLockwood 176

John Gregory. Jr. 221

Ebenezer Gregory 57

Daniel Smith 99

Peter Quintard 401

Noah Smith 89

John Darrow 192

Thaddeus Betts 2.54

Maihew Mallery 87

John St. John 51

William St. John 318

John Hays 72

Daniel Jackson 53
Josiah Thatcher, Jr. 193

Elizabeth Rogers 228

Eliakim Raymond 297

Lemuel Brooks 287

Richard Camp 241

Asa Hays :381

345
h

Daniel Hanford -303

Jesse Benedict 114

Samuel Fairchild 131

Simeon Raymond 428

Jedediah Hanford 39

Euock Benedict 81
David Handford's

Matthew Keeler 165
-MaiT Benedict 40

David Comstock 313
Th. masFitchsh'rs4I5
John Rich 72

Ebenezer Hyatt 76

Nathan Mallery 157

Daniel Thatch's hYs 215
Samuel (;i-unuuond 30
Eljcnezer Lockwood 82
Isaiah Marvin 158

Eliakim Smith 20:3

Daniel Seymour, Jr. 87
Dan Finch 119

Hezekiah Raymond 1.52
John Betts 303

Edward Wentworth SO
Isaac Scudder 661

John Lockv\ood. 3d 218
Nathan Jarvis 279

Jabez Raymond 293
Nehemiah St. John 89
Hezekiah Hanford 2t)8
Jonathan Fitch's

heirs 195

Nathan Hays 180

Daniel Fitch's heirs 259
John Belden :303

Nathan Beers 195

Benjamin Isaac's

heirs 406

Samuel Marvin 319

Thomas Grummond 205
Jacob Jennings 22

Je<lediah Brown 162
Sarah Johnson M

Joseph Whitney 182
Susanah Butler 6

Abraham Gregory .50
Lvdia Comstock 9

Nathl Benedict, 2d 152
Josiah Raymond 239
Col.StephenSt. John 713
Daniel W. Auley 248
Daniel Seymour 11

Deborah Dickinson 17
Jane Hitchcock 19

Elizabeth Rogers, 2d 1
Hannah Hanford 60
Deborah Pickett '22
Mary Resco 2

Rebecca Smith 3

Ohadiah Liscat 3

Abigail Weeks 3

Anne Seymour 3

Piatt Townsend 2

John Piatt

Stephen Lockwood 18
Nathan Hyatt, Jr 29

10 714

HISTOKY OF HVRON AND ERIE COUNTIES,

OHIO.

4-.

Jacob Arnold S4

Simeon Stewart, Jr. 8

John^Ra^mondand^^

David Hyatt 9

Benjamin Steward 14

John Eversley 11

John Filleo 1

Samuel Rowland 476
Andrew Rowland 1,565

Nehemiah^Phippeny 12
James Penfleld 6

Syphax, (negro)

Col. Matthew Mead 4

David Whitney

David Webb 1

Samuel Squire 412

Jabez Perry 2

Anne Seymour 6

John Rockwell 5

John Smedley 763

John Perry 6
.Abraham Parrott 4

John Lockwood 9

Elizabeth Gaylord 5

Seth Sturges 431

David Judah 9

Nathan Hicock 2

Joseph Squire 65

Sarah Penfleld 15

Timothy Whitney

Jas. Small Olmstead 3

Thomas Staples 247

Benjamin Rumsey

Thomas Betts, Jr. 13

Samuel Stewart 13

Joseph Sturges- h'rs 339

Lucretia Redfield -38

Haynes Fitch 42

Michl Morehouse, Jr. 7

Jonathan Sturges 748

Widow Sarah Red-

Michael Judah 13

Aiulrt-w Jloreliouse 1

Hezekiah Sturges 532

field 28

Uriah Smith 35

Michael ?Iniehouse 4

Samuel Sturges m
Samuel Smedley 415

Robert Ross 2

Samuel Burral 30

James Keeler 8

Rev. Hezekiah Rip-

Hannah Brown 6

Jnsiali Taylor. Jr. 4

Eliphalet Thorp 401

ley -368

James Haifs heirs 26

Tha.ldeus Keeler 2

Jabez Thorp 147

Josepli Sprague 2
Grace Spaklmg 90
Francis D. Sword 3

Stephen Keeler 35

Sarah Morehouse

John Turney .)26

David Bott 5

Ebenezer Fitch 2

Stephen Thorp 515

Eleazer Scott 16

Nathan Burrall 2

Ansel Treebv 96

Benjamin Squire 1

James Crowley 3

Jeremiah Webb 7

John Wasson 161

Stephen St. John 30
Natlianiel StniU 33

Elizabeth Dunning 7

Andrew Wakeman 307

Seth Sm'itii ' " 66

Solomon Morehouse 5

Ebenezer Wakeman 68

Zecheriah Sanford 3

Moses St John 3

Rebecca Deforest 7

Joseph Wakeman 167

Mary Smith 16

Isaac Waring 3

Marv Fleet 15

Thomas Hanford

Ebenezer Squire 14

Giles Mallery 12

Benjamin Beets, Jr. .3

Wakeman 239

Stephen Turney 88

David Seymour 3

?Jan- Cutler 48

Samuel Taylor 9

Mary Harvey 14

William sT.^.John 35

David Annible 43

William Thorp 24

Rebecca Wasron 4

Daniel Gregory 18

Neh. Buddington 15
Andrew Bulkley 33

Ruel Thorp 6

Jarvis Kellogg 3

Thaddeus Morehouse 2

Widow Hannah Tay-

William Mott 10

Joseph Olmstead 8
Thaddeus Betts 18

James Bulklev

lor ■ 40

Mary Avery 11
Peter Hitchcock 11

Walter Buddihgton -20
Widow Abigairaurr 58
William Buddington 37

Jehiel White Head 6

Eliphalet Lockwood 23

Richard Wane 5

Joshua Rogers 14

Jabez Kaymond 38
Charles Pope 6

Abigail Whitear 111

Desire Liscat 8

Walter Carson 37

Samuel King 5
Gideon Wells 29

Robert Waters 11

Haynes Fitch 47

Jonathan Darrow 354

Jedediah Raymond 10

Hezekiah Hanford .59

Isaac Jarvis -^i

John WiUson 5

Nehemiah St. John,

Daniel Hanford 20

Abigail Jennings 49

Nathaniel Willson 10

3nd, 6

James Fitch, Jr. 23

Justin Jennings 31

Jolin Whitehead 17

Esther St. John 3

Rebecca Fitch 63

Levi Mallery 31

Abigail Wynkoop 59

Mary Lockwood 2

Robert Waters 6

Abigail Osborn 106

Joseph Wkkeman 4

James Smith 31

Dan Finch 3

John Parsons 33

Increase Bradley 180
House of Peter Bulk-

Betsey Hall 32

Uriah Smith 4

Ephraim Bobbins 106
Ebenezer Sturges 89

Mary Brown 9

Simeon Raymond 14

ley and Jos. Stur-

Silas Bessey 12
Abraham Lockwood 3

WiUiam Raymond 5

John Squire, Jr. 15

gess 91

Moses Ravmond 5

Judson Sturges 128

Edward Buddington 81

Abner Booth 40

Timothy Hoj-t 6

Isaac Tucker 68

Andrus Jennings 310

^^e^i^W^a i

Benjamin Merrit 5

Samuel Smith 19

Aaron Jennings 100

Jedediah Raymond 15

Isaac Turney 30

William Levesav 152

Pomp Learning 14

Hannah Dickenson 23

John Williams, Jr. 13

Heirs of Benjamin

Banlev Arnold 12

Moses Dickenson's

John Williams 116

Osborn 152

Sarah' Eversley 26

heirs -259

Ruth Wakeman 22

Benjamin Allen 5

Mary Smith 17

Silas Bartow 48

Wright White 46

Ephraim Burr 95

Thomas Darrow 17

Samuel Ketehum 4

Marf- Alvoid 20

Gilbert Brvan 19

Nathan Hendrich 19

Evert Ellison 13

Isaac Burr 23

Ebenezer Baker 21

William Garner 11

Michael Judah

Amelia Burr 10

Gersham Banks 14

Stephen G.Thatcher 13

John Read 9

Ruth Burr 3

George Burr 15

Stephen and Hooker

Retty Javiss 3

Charles Burr 34

John Banks 22

St. John 30

Luce Burr 4

Ephraim Burr, Jr. 4

Nathaniel Raynipnd 4

FAIRFIELD.

George Batterson .55

Nathan Bennit 15

Susannah Fitch *4

■0

Dudley Baldwin 7

Joseph Bennit 56

Thomas Hays 18

Abraham Audress 430

William Batterson 16

Francis Bradley, 3d 2

Auley W. Aulev 30
Joseph Allen Wright 95

Samuel Burr, Jr. 3

Pinkney Burr 14

Col. Elijah Abel 719

Samuel Burr, 3d 14

Elias Bennett 19

Dr. Uriah Rogers'

John Allen .545

David Burr 10

Job Bartran 13

heirs 225

David Allen 476

Abigail Burr, Jr. 50

Thomas Bennitt 3

Jesse Ravmond 147

George Allen 331

Nathan Bulkley 11

Sarah Bryant 17

John Richards 7

Anthony Anniball 155

Olive Bulkley ^ 30

James Bennitt -26

Joseph Waring 14

Peter Burr 282

Wid. Abigail Bulk-

Abigail Desbrow 9

Isaac Richards 44

Reuben Beers 510

ley and Jonathan

Jason Desbrow 16

Eli Read 58

David Beers 164

Bulkley 54

Hezekiah Cooley 3

Jesse Read 3

Samuel Beers 96

Ebenezer Bulkley

John Crosman 5

John Bigsley 7

Ebenezer Baitran 144

Nehemiah Banks 4

Caleb Desbrow 8

Benjamin Read 42

Joseph Beers 90

David Barlow 374

Jabez Desbrow 5

Daniel Richards 12

David Burr 388

Priscilla Burr 283

John Desbrow 15

Solomon Whitman 17

Nathaniel Burr 22

Shubael Gorham 4

David Read 126

Samuel Burr 481

Nathan Burr 4

Solomon Gray 1

Nathan Waring 33

Job Bartran 962

William Carter 16

Ann Godfrey 3

Richard Youngs 31

Gersham Burr 300

Ann Caldwell 8

Hezekiah Hull 10

Marv Read 47

Thaddeus Burr 1,373

Thomas and Simon

Isaac Hays 28

Gersham Richards 31

Simeon Couch, 3d 337

Couch 10

John Hyde 47

Clapp Raymond 34

John Davis 62

Abigail Chapman 2

John Hvde. Jr. 7

JohnRichards 35

Ann Dimon 317

John Cake

Joseph "Hyde 35

Seth Abbott .55

AVilliam Dimon 625

Caleb Disbrow 18

Ebenezer Jessup 3

Capt. Eliakim Ray-

N.ThompsonNichols 67
EUzabeth Gold iM6

Rev. Andrew Elliot .>J9

Joseph Lvon 31

mond 80

Francis Forgue 151

Seth Meeker 22

Simeon Stewart 69

Nathan Godfrey 309

Abigail Thompson 8
Nathan T. Niclkols. 81

John Morehouse 15

Capt. Phineas Han-

David Jennings, 2d 255

Benjamin Meeker 15

ford 43

Rebecca Jennings 137

Hannah McKensey 1

Rebicca Nash 6

Azor Mead 30

Moses Jennings 599

Jemima Gould 6

Sarah Ogden 19

Phineas Hanford.Jr. 25

Isaac Jennings 281

Abel Gold 113

Daniel Osborn

Richard Dunning 26

Peter Hendrick 399

Abel Gold, Jr. 3

Cornelius Stratton 1

Matthew Marvin 19

Abigail Hubbell 176

Daniel Gorham '20

' John Stratton 1

Elizabeth Whelpley 17

Stephen Jennings 195

5 ■

Ebenezer Sherwood 2

Lvdia Fitch 19
Elijah Fitch 10

Jeremy Jennings 196

Martha Fairchild 44

Joseph Sherwood 9

,"i

Ebenezer Jessup 282

Justin Hohart 15

Jehiel Sherw-ood 4

Samuel Keeler 30

Moss Kent 185

Jabez Hubbell 33

Samuel "iurr 35

Samuel Middlebrook 14

Lathrop Lewis 37

Isaac Hubbell 18

Ezra Waterbury 11

Sturges Lewis 52

Isaac Haves 86

Andrew Sturges 13

Hannah Gregory 13

Jonathan Lewis 931

Anna Hull 64

Ebeuezer Bennit, Jr. 14

Widow Eunice More-

John HiL-kling 30

■Wilfiam Thorp 3

Nathan Adams 14

house 68

Sarah Hews IB

Jessup Wakeman 12

James Betts 17

Gideon Morehouse 66

Peter Jennings 7

Samuel Whitney, Jr. 26

Benjamin Keeler 10

Ebenezer Morehouse 83

Lyman Jennings 5
Hezekiah Jennings 1

Peter Whitney 7

Nathan Keeler 3

GrammonMorehouse G

Widow Elizabeth

James Whelpley 4
Capt. Sam'l Comstock 2

John Morehouse 33:3

Daniel Jennings 32

Sturges 150
MosesBulkley 50

Hezekiah Nicolls 394

SrriL^°et;^fgs 1

Benjamin Betts 2

Daniel Osborn 135

Josiah Bulkley 10

Rev. Isaac Lewis 5

Eleazer Osborn, Jr. 181

Ephraim Jennings 6
Margaret Keeler 18

Nathan Beers 1

Daniel Sturges 1

Widow Mary Pen-

Ebenezer Munro 1

Peter Sturges

field 139

Esther Lord 7

Admr of Nehemiah

Esther Wasson 5

Solomon Sturges 319

Jonathan Maltbie 47

Buddington

Capt. Josiah Thatcherl6
Ephraim Stewart 5
Silas Hicock 3

Mabel Osborn 605

Jona. Middlebrook 4

Mary Alvoid 8

Samuel Penfield 1,065

Jesse Morehouse 16

Jonah Bulkley

John Parrot 86

Hannah Morehouse 33

George Cable 400

Jesse Birchard 7

Nathaniel Parsons 86

David Osborn 21

County House

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Goal and Goaler's Matthew Gregory

House Jacob Fiiitch

School House on the James Fieiaing

Green Matthew \\ ilks

Meeting House John Barnum

Old School House John Porter

Church House Nathan Taylor, Jr.

Meeting House at Timothy Northruni

Green's Farm Timothy Benedict

Churoh, Glebe House Timothy WMl.lmau

and Barn iIhx.ih I. r >t;-wart

Daniel Taylor, Es<i., B5B

Major Taylor WS

John McLean 5d8

Zadock Benedict 67

Joseph Wildman 378

John Wood 36',i
Matt. Benedict, Jr. 818

David Wood 288

Abigail Wood 18

Jonah Benedict 206
Rev. Ebenezer

White --ilS
Jos. P. Cook, Es.i., 53

Ezra Starr 13U

Matthew Benedict 176

Benjamin Sperry 113

Jabez Rockwell 158
Thaddeus Benedict,

Esq 349

Eli Slygatt, Esq. 512

James Clark 524

Comfort Hoyt 50

Comfort Hoyt, Jr. 4TS

Sarah Benedict 40

Daniel Church 40

Eliphalet Barnum 42

Ban

Elnathan Gregory 3:
Rev. Xoah Wetmore 2!
Elizabeth Henries 1!
Christian Rose (

Matthew Barnum S
Comfort Barnum i
Joshua Benedict li
JIatthew Crowfeet
Ann Shepherd (

David Judd S

Charles Peck (

Joseph Benedict, Jr. ^
Preserve Wood J

Joseph Gregory !

Hannah Lockwood :
Isaac Callin
Christian Starr I

Nathan Taylor, 3d i:
Samuel Taylor, Esq. 2:
John Taylor 1

Rachel Gregory
Samuel Lambert •

Horace Knapp
Nathaniel Lockwood '
Seth Crowfeet
Samuel Andruss i

Wait Desbrow
Isaac Davis
Hannah Andruss 1
Timothy Ketchum 2:
Caleb Baldwin
John Knapp <

Abijah Benedict
Thomas Wildman
Samuel Wood
Hannah Wood
Thomas Starr !

Jonas Benedict
Seth Shove
Elias Taylor
Rebecca Crofeet
Phineas Peck
Eliphalet Peck
Benjamin Shove
WiUiam WiUe
Comfort Wildman 1
Aaron Stone
Sarah Peck
Jonathan Taylor
Abijah Barnum
Oliver Taylor
Abial Philips
Daniel Hicock
Benjamin Wood
Ezra Stevens
Bethuel .ludd
John Peck
Joseph Benedict
Anne Nf.rthorp
Benjamin Hicock
Benjamin Curtiss
Samuel Bi-nedict
William Griflin
Elisha Dibble
Patience Guthrie
Benjamin Boughton
Andrew Comgtock
Nathaniel Stevens
Joseph Beebe 1

Jonathan Hays 1

Nathaniel Gregory 1
Daniel Millson
Stephen Trowbridge
Justus Hoyt

Josepli Broadbooks
Oliver Benedict
Ebenezer Benedict
David Northrop
Enos Camp
Ephraim Barnum
Daniel Stevens
Elijah Wood
Thaddeus Barnum
Philip Corbin
Nathaniel Benedict
Thomas Tavler
Thomas Tavler, Jr.
James Trowbridge
Daniel Wildman
Benjamin Ta.vlor
John Elliot
Matthew Starr
Thomas H. Benedict
William Stone
John Stone
Lemuel Benedict
Nathaniel Starr
EbenezerMunsou.Jr.
John Gregor

Jer

mug

Amos Northr
David Northrop
Abial Pickett
John Sturdevant
Sallie Pell
Eleazei- Hoyt
Caleb Church
Thomas Benedict

Samuel Brown
John Coach
Stephen Jarvis
Ezra Dibble, Jr.
Joseph M. White
Aaron Knapp
Joseph Guun
Thomas Tayler
Benjamin Barley
Shadrack Morriss
Noah Hoyt
Samuel Gregory
David Pierce
Richard Smith
Henry Peek
David Comstock
John Shepherd
Joseph Burchard
Judith Taylor
Sarah Basset
Amos Collins
Joshua Starr
Matthew Taylor
WiUiam B. Alger
Caleb Hoyt

Abraham Augur CO

Uezekiah Augur 29

Eldad Atwater 52

David Austin, Esq. 2T8

Timothy Atwater 8

Phineas Andruss 18

Joseph Adams 13

John Allen 15

Christopher Allen 6

Samuel Austin 89

Abner Austin 60

Abiah Allen 13

Oliver Allen 40

Samuel Bird 42

Abraham Bradley 101

Joseph Bradley 40:3

Benjamin Brown 30

Israel Bishop 31

Isaac Bishop 3"

Abel Bsrret 27

John Bradley, Jr. 31

Stephen Ball 36

Francis Brown 12

Peter Bontion 70

Phineas Bradley, Jr
Daniel Bishop
John Beecher, Jr.
Gurden Bradley
Azariah Bradley
Samuel Barnes
Stephen Bradley
Thomas Burrall
Timothy Bartique
James Bradley
Buckminster Brint-

nall
Eleazer Brown
Nando Cambridge
Charles Chauncey
Samuel Candy
John Chandler
Timothy Dwight

Amos Doolittle
Nathan Dummer
Jonathan Fitch
Jehiel Forbes
Levi Forl)es
Samuel Green
Samuel Griswold
Caleb Gilbert
James Gilbert
Stephen Gorham ai
Hezekiah Gorham 21
William Greenough 27
Samuel Gills 58
Timothy Gilbert 3
Samuel Gorham 9
Richard Hood 36
Nathan Howell 10
Samuel Huggins 91
Ezekiel Hays T2
Josiah Holly 52
Abiah Hall 3
Amos Hotchkiss :14
Samuel Horton 77
Jonah Hotchkiss 19
Ebenezer Hoggings 47
Marv Hubbard 5
Joseph Howell 75
Samuel Howell 39
Susannah Hotchkiss 14
Obediah Hotchkiss 69
Caleb Hotchkiss 9
Henrv F. Hughes 38
EUjah Hill 16
Stephen Herrick 15
Jabez Johnson 13
Timothy Jones, Jr. 38
Timothy and Wil-
liam Jones 167
Isaac Jones 148
Levi Ives 46
Peter Johnson 20
Silas Kimlierley 9
Azel Kiuiberley 52
Mary Kimberley 18
Elaiii Luddington 408
Daniel Lvman, Esq. 368
Jesse Leavenwoith 143
WUham Lyon 92
Ebenezer Lewis 20
John Lathrop 71
Jeremiah JlcCumber 20
Amos Jlon-is 12:ii
William Mansfield 47
Jonah Mix 15
Stephen Munson 22
Joseph Mix 11
WilUam Miles 5
Joseph Munson 10
John Miles 48
William JIuuson 73
Samuel Munson 41
Israel Munson 27
Alliss Miles 5
Edward Maloy 265
Amos Munson 18
Paul Noyes 2
David Osborn 30
Nathan Oaks 19
JIahittibal Osborn

William Plugmart

•Elijah or

Abijah Pardy

Jacob and 1

JIary Pardy

Hezekiah Parmely 109

Mostin Parrott 27

William Punchard 20

Jacob Pinto 22

Ichabod Page 59

Sarah Parmely 8

James Plant 94

.lereiniah Parmely 18

Charles Prindle 47

John Pease 18

Benjamin Pardy 88

John Robertson 26

John Richards 13

Philemon Smith 53

Benjamin Santoi-il 32

William Sherman 37

Francis Sage 34

Jonathan Sabin 64

Elias Shipman 10

Caleb Trowbridge 123
Jere Trowbridge. Jr. 7
Daniel Tuttle 13

Isaac Townsend 11

Benajah Thomas 7

Robert Townsend 15
Hezekiah Tuttle 54
Richard Tuttle 13

Michael Todd 73

Jeremiah Townsend 36
Jacob Thompson 60
Timothy Townsend 11
Abraham Tuttle, Jr. 27
John Townsend 3

Stephen Trowbridge 8
Samuel Tuttle 270

James Tuttle 93

Tftnothy Tuttle 79

Noah Tucker 99

Jesse Upson 47

Jotham Williams 2
John Woodward 838
John Woodward.Jr. 740
Moses Wells 256

Samuel Willmott 62
William Ward 22

.lohnWise 31

Daniel Willmott 42

John White, Jr. 23

Rev. Chauncey Whit-
tlesey 326
Thomas Wooster 590
John Whitney, Esq. 158
Titus Beecher 5
Hannah Bingley 10
Isaac Beecher 3
Sarah Brown 12
Peter Buckley 2
Joseph Bishop 8
Elias Beech 3
Aivhibald Blakeley 11
Tillv Blakeley 13

Abra

tins Br
rge C^

ughton

;unning-
ham 20
John Cathn 8
Nathan Catlin 8
Zachariah Candee 7
Levi Chnton 6
David Cook 29
Russell Clark 1
Samuel Clark 7
Samuel Cook 19
Samuel Chatterton m
Jolm Clause 3
John Carcu > 8
Sarah Davenport 1
Isaac Doolittle 26
Samuel Dunwell 34
Henry Doggett 37
Rttoda Denison 10
Hamlin Dwight 2
Doct. Naphtali Dog-
gett 32
Isaac Diekerman 32
William Dock 15
Rev. Jonathan Ed-
William Eyers 5
Robert Fairchild 10
Ezra Ford 16
Abel Frisby 25
Samuel Goodwin 14
John Goodrich 140
Timothy Gorham 10
Ruth Gordon 7
Henry Gibbs 4
Amos Gilbert 13
Sarah Goldsmith 53
Joel Gilbert ■ 2
Daniel Goodsell 12
David Gilbert 8
Martin Gattee, de-
ceased 19
John Goodsell 8
Stephen Hotchkiss 4
Clunstian Hanson 21
Ebenezer Hull 5
Hannah Hotchkiss 4
Sarah Hunt 3
Frederick Harding 12
Eleauore Hoy 1
Joseph Hutts 1
Jared Hemmingway 5
Hannah Howe 13
Sarah Howe 14
William Holmes 4:1
David Hull 19
James Hull 9
Silas Hotchkiss 3
Nehemiah Hotchkiss 14
Nehemiah Higgins 2
Enos Hotchkiss 3
Mary Horton 5
Stephen Honeywell 1
Abigail Hughes 37
Stephen Johnson 14
Simeon Joulin 10
Amaziab JouUn 25
Abraham Johnson 5
Mabel Johnson 6
Enos Johnson 1

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

«.

.,.

Jack and wife

Newton Whittlesey 33

Timothy Durtey 20
IsaacChamplin 142

Joseph Plumb

Jai-ed IngersoU

•3

Henry York 4

Green Plumb

Riehafil Johnson

David Abbott 4

Clark Elliot 290

Ichabod Powers, Jr

.188

Lytlia Johnson
Elijah King

Joseph Ailing • 4

John Champlin 104

Andrew Palmer

103

James Ailing 12

Sarah Edmunds 20

Widow Piner

Sarah Kimberley

Samuel Ailing 20

John Crocker 34

Simeon Peck

Marah Kilby

Ebenezer Ailing 16

Abigail Elliot 496

James Parker

Lydia Kimberley
Nathaniel Kimberle

Lorrain Ailing 4

John Jrevin 800

Sarah Pool

?'-

Hezekiah Ailing 11

Jacob Finch 130

Joshua Powers

James Lvndes

David Atwater 3

AnnFosdick&Sons 1043

William Pack-ivood

_V2

Edward Larkins

David Austin, Jr. 12

Ebenezer Goddard 7

Ichabod Powers

Samuel Little

Abigail Andruss 2

MarvHoodtaith 15

.John Penwert

223

Jlajor Lines

Jedediah Andruss 9

Elizabeth Griflln 5

John Potter

James Lane

Jeremiah Atwater 227

Thomas Gardiner 22

Joseph Packwood

817

Mark Leavenworth

Jonah Atwater 16

Roger Gibson 884

e,y.

Joshua Potter

Gad Luke

■27

Archibald Austin 71

Mary Gardiner VXi

.lohn Prentice

Susannah Mahon

William Alley 9

David Gardner 11

Elizabeth Plumb

197

John Mix, Jr.

.lohn Austin 10

John Gordon 1

James Pittman

145

Daniel Mansfield

Stephen Austin 12
Joel Atwater 1

George Gibbs 21

Stephen Rougett

Elisha Mix

Matthew Griswold 10

Marv Rogers
Patrick Robinson

Marv Miles

Samuel Bishop, Esq. 13

Russell Hubbard 1012

Amos Morrison

Phebe Brown 7

Joseph Hurlbut 965

Ann Richards

224

Robert :\Iattliews

Timothy Benticon,

Thomas Hopkins 198

• lames Rogers

455

Esther Mansfield

203

Jr. 13

Ruth Harris 63

Guy Richards and

Kirsted Mansfield

Eleanor Benticon 33

ElizabethHolesworth46

Son

811

James Murray
Nathan Mansfield

Stephen Brown 19

Thomas Hancock 148

Mary Richards
Benjamin Rogers
Jabez Richards

258

Jonathan Bridglen 8

Mary Hurlburt 212

Silas Jlerriman

Abraham Bradley,

Joseph Harris, Jr. 5

David Mulford -

Jr. 6

Stephen Holt 229
Natlianiel Harriss 3

Solomon Rogers

101

Hannah Mansfield

Willard Brintnall .36

Amos Rogers

Patience Mix

Lemuel Benham 12

Eliz-bethHolesworth46

Samuel Roberts

Phebe Miller

l.i

Thomas Bill 9

Edward and John

Geurtre Roeers

David Murison

Hanover Barney 11

Hallam 310

David Richards

Hannah Mix

Lucy Barker 1

Edwa rd and George

Ja.,„-s R,.gers

Dr. Timothy Mix

Israel Bunnel 9

Hallman 215

Harriss Rogers

128

Moses Mansfield

Naihan Beers 13

Edward Hallam 10

Peter Rogers

Nathaniel Mix

William Brintnall 16

William Higgins 4

William Rogers

William Noyes

David Beecher 19

Daniel Hurlburt 126

Peter Rogers. Jr.
Peter Robinson

Ann Plait

David Brown 5

Sarah Harris 177

Jlarv and Lydia

Timothy P. Benti-

John Harris. 2d 33

John Rogers

Pirdy

con 4

John Hempstead

David Roberts

William Punchard

Lamberton Painter 24

and others 30

William Rogers

Ebenezer Peck

Silas Kimberley 193

John Hallam 417

James Penniman

137

Jlarv Kimberley 20

Benjamin Harris 19

Daniel Stale

Thos Pimderson, Jr. 14

John Beecher ^ 25

Abigail Holt 18

Gurdon Salton-

Mary Pease

Thomas Benham 10

NathanielHempstead 7

stall. Esq.

1,440

David Phipps

Jotham Williams 6

John Hanle 44

Thomas Smith

.rohn Pierpont

Andrus Smith 14

Joseph Holt 3

William Skinner

Abigail Potter

^Villiam Trowbridge 7

Lydia Harriss 60

Seth Sears

Moses Pardy

Anna Clinton 4

Thomas Holt 4

Jonathan and I.Starr 53

Solomon Phipps
Lamberton Painter

Rev. Noah Williston 27

Bridgett Harriss 24

Bathsheba Skiune '"

Azel Kimberley 32

James Holt 21

BatlislieliaSrnitli

465

Elijah Painter

John Mii 37

John Harriss, 1st

Eliza Shajiflv

382

Martin Patehin

Walter Harriss 17

Allan) Sliai>-ly

Levi Pardy

NEW LONDON.

Grace parriss 29

Lydia Siiiiick

Jonas Prentice

Ebenezer Holt 15

Ann Squire

Sarah Pomeroy

Phillip Allen 9

Daniel Harriss 5

Nathaniel and

James Prescott

i^^^ '1^

Eliphalet Harriss 20

Thomas Shaw

2,8:i4

Philip Rexford

Daniel Holt 32

John Shepherd

Samuel Robinson

Abigail Bill 6

Jonathan Holt K

Robert Smith

Rachel Russell

William Brooks 65

6!^

Ann Hancock 140

Starr & Tallman

150

Zechariah Read

John Barr 71

Titus Hurlburt 1961

John Springer

James Rice

Ann Bulkley 493

11J4

Stephen Hempstead 70

Ann Simmonds

Hannah Russell

Sanmcl Brown 493

Moses Jeffrey 36

Peter Perry

Martin Ray

Stephen Babcocfc 34

Lydia Johnson 21

John Coster

Hannah Sackett

Jonah Bebee 236

Robert Kennedy 3.50

Widow Dorsett

Adonijah Sherman

David Byrne 336

Mary Lewis 5

Judas P. Spooner

John Scott

John Barna M

Christopher Lefllng-

Richard Stroud

■Si

James Sherman

Jeremiah Brown 124

well 25

James Smith

Leveret Stevens

Hannah Beebe 6

.lames Lampher 233

Jane Stewart

Sarah Stevens

Hannah Bolton 32

10)^

Lydia Lattimer 27

^vSlXrk

Elizabeth Stillman

Walter Beebe 9

James Lamjihier.Jr. 42

Widow Scovil

Percy Beer 6

Pickett Lattimer 565

Sarah Sitchell

William Sherman

Nathan Bailey 20

101^

Sanu.el Lattimer 910

Moses Strong

Cornelius Cunning-

Amos Lester 12

,250

Abigail Starr
Benjamin Smith

ham 62

Ebenezer Lester 8

Roswell Salton-

Joannah Culver 10

John Lester 35

stall,

800

Nehemiah Smith

Richard Chapman 73

^14

Edgcomb Lee 48

Winthrop Salton-

George Smith

Esther Cutler 7

Diodate Little 207

stall

,181

Nathan Smith

Joseph Cheds 73

Samuel Lattimer 24

Nathaniel Thorp

MaryStillwell

Joseph Collins 41

Michael Love 83

Bethiah Tallman

Hezekiah Sabin

John Critchett 6

Richard Lattimer 26

Daniel Tinker

Hezekiah Sabin, Jr.

Joseph Coit 1298

Rasman Lawrence 54

James Tilley

,5.33

Edmond Smith

William Coit 44

Peter Lattimer 317

]

John Tillev

Amos Sherman

James Culver 8

John Lathrop 1

^a^i;K;an

Joseph Smith, 3d

Joseph Cocks 1

Amasa Larnid 18

JohnStorer

Lodwick Champliu 11

Jeremiah Miller 2535

Edward Tinker

Hannah Sloper

Elizabeth Christo-

JamesMcEver-sh'rsOOO

John Welch

James Thompson

pher 49

James Matthews 29

Walter Welch

John R. Throop

Rebecca Church 52

Robert Manwaring 21

Ebenezer Way

William Comstock 3

James Miller 93

John Ward

■johnTownsend

Thomas Coit 23

John Morriss 29

Lucretia Wolfe

Thankf ull Thompson 3.3

Nathaniel Coit, Jr. 15

Giles Mumford 44

Anthony Wolfe

Isaac Thompson

Joshua Coit 40

James Minor 7

Simon A-olcott

,0&3

Abraham Tuttle

Joseph Champlin 72

Lawrence Marting 55

Elizabeth Westcott

Abraham Thompson

Jonathan Colefax 15

Ephraim Minor 348

Temerance Moore

Stephen Tuttle

John McCurdy 1128

Lvdia Green 12

Timothy Tnlmadge

Samuel Coit 19

Antony Mitchell 83

Samuel Belden

,771

Joseph Trowbridge

John Clark & Sons 135

David Jhmitord 318

Joanna Short

276

Ebenezer Town send

John Deshon 1177

Isaac Moseley .500

James Thompson
Michael MelaTly

350

William Trowbridge

Deshon & Co. 556

David .Manwaring 51

.lohu Trowbridge

Henry Deshon 900

Lewis Minor 71

John Way

390

fornelius Thayer

Joseph Deshon 100

Thomas Jones 40

Thomas Bowhay

]

Moses Thompson
William Vanftuersor

Richard Deshon 266

Elizabeth Newcomb 12

Joshua Hempstead
Nathaniel SaVton-

Mons'r Dumont 26:J

George Newcomb 238

Moses Ventures

JonathanDouglass 1446

Widow, Nelson 63

stall

146

Michael Vaun

Sarah Daviss 8

Na'Lnfe'l Overton 27

John Thompson
Spere Dougfass

Thomas Willson

Richard Douglass 262
Robert Douglass 200

Lois Wells

Isaac Oliver 40

Chapman Simmons 22

Thomas WiUmott

Ebenezer Douglass 17

Owen Neal 91

Elizabeth Beebe

AUice Wise

Peter Darrow 10

Joseph Owen 75

John Hallam and

John Ward

Nathan Douglass 941

Richard Potter 382

Benjamin Harris
MaryVard
Stephen Culver
Mabitabil Leet

s300

Rev, McWilUston

Nicholas Darrow 9

Christopher Prince 518
Abigail Potter 573
Zuriah Preston 21

Sample] White

James Darrow 3

John Warner

Nathaniel Dickinson 15

124

IILSTOKY OF IIUKON AXD ERIE COUJS'TIES, OHIO.

rf.

Ezekiel Bailey

Samuel Olmstead

Stephen Billings

Ebenezer Olmstead

James Bailey

Thaddeus Rockwel

Samuel Chester

Samuel Olmstead. 3a .»

Eldridge Chester

Philip B. Bradley, Es

qao

Jedediah Chester

LydiaGUbert

•34

Benjamin Chester
Benjamin Chester

443

Timothy Keeler, ad

as executor

300

Benjamin Northrop

Charles Chester

Daniel Smith

ISi

Thomas Chester

14-'

Daniel Chester

Thomas Sevmour

Jason Chester

Hannah Seymour

Esther Conklin

Sarah Morehouse

109

Simeon Chester

David Olmstead

Nathan Darrow

Joseph Stehbins

Mary Dodge
Chas. Eldridge, Jr.
Daniel Eldridge
Sergeant Daniel El

Daniel Smith, 3d

775

James Sturges

John Douchey

George FoUcott

dridge

Daniel Smith. 2d

•i

Thomas Grifllu

Ebenezer Jones

Robert Gallup

Bartlett Folcott

Andrew Gallup

Ebenezer Stebbins

John Hicks

Jesse Benedict

Jonathan Havens

Jonn Abbott

Ruth Holliday

Bartholomew Weec

Edward Jeffrey

13.S

Hope Rhodes

Alexander Kvdd

Stephen Smith

Thomas Mumford,

Martha Keeler

Esq.

604

John Watrous

David Perry

HMi'i-v'^laso'ii"'*^

XaucVM..,re

Philip Dauchev
Matthew Keeler

Prudence Minor

Rebecca Minor

John Smith

Joshua and Isaac

Samuel Smith

Benjamin Smith

Morgan
Marv Moore

Jeremiah Burchard

Samuel Camp

:38

Frederick Moore

269

Isaac Ki^eler

Ebenezer Ledyard,

Lemuel Abbott

James Xorthrop

Esq.

1151

Abraham Rockwell

.Tohn Latham

John Keeler

Bridgett Ledyard

397

JcTaC/ntlftfie"

Youngs Ledyard,

1.5

dec-d

Jemima Keeler

William Leeds

360

David Rockwell

Benjamin and Caleb

Samuel Keeler

Ledvard

2110

Ebenezer Sherwood

Anne Ledvard

143

Stephen Xorrice

Aune Leeds

Daniel Coolev

Benajah Lester

''o

Mary Hays

Capt. Edw'd Latham 4

Abijah Rockwell

Thomas D. Lavis

Abijah Smith

Widow A. Latham

Jonah Foster

Capt. Wilham La-
tham

Sarah SUsby

Elihu Deforest

Lydia Latham
Mary Latham

Price Xortnrop

Nathan Foster

Jonathan Latham

Mary Gray

EUzabeth Latham

David Rockwell, -Jd

Amos Prentice, Esq

566

Abner Willson

Elisha Prior

Samuel Keeler, Sd,

AbiK-ail Palmer

N.B.-Thesumsa

dvanced t

othe

Alexander Reed

town of Kidgefield,

s of

Thomas Starr

general assembly
from each man's r

rteiliirte.1

Nathan Seabury

>SDective"

sum

Thankful Stanton

and the neat balances ascertained.

Jabez Sholes
Nathan Sholes

Q^Q^gy

John Starr

Sarah Stedman

Amos .\very

Lucretia Sholes

Prudence Avery

270

James Smith

Thankful Avery

363

Experience Ward

Rnf us Averv

1.32

Eunice Williams

Lydia AverV

157

Samuel Walsworth

Latham Avery

103

Christopher Wood-

Ebenezer Avery

.30

bridge

Phebe Averv

Peter Williams

Peter Avery

Benjamin Vose

George Avery

Ezekial Yeuington

Hannah Averv

Elizabeth Seabury

Elizabeth Avery

John Brown

Benjamin Avery

Daniel Williams

Caleb Averv

Elisha Avery

CIIAPTEK IV.

INDIAN TITLE. -COPS' OF THE ORIGINAL THE fl-T T.

Whatever may be thought of the liberality of the
State in making provision for the benefit of the suf-
ferers, it may be said that the territory disposed of
was not such as that to wliich Connecticut had a
clear, unquestioned title. In the first place, it be-
longed to the Indians, and secondly, subject to their
right of occupancy, it was claimed -by the United
States, and, at the treaty of Greenville, August 3,

1795, by which the Cuyahoga, the Tuscarawas and
the Portage path between them was in part fixed as
the Indian "boundary, the entire consideration was
paid by the United States without a pro rata rcmun-
j eration from either the State of Connecticut or the
land company; and up to this time, at least, the
United States had not by direct act acknowledged
the State's title to the Reserve. But the State of
Connecticut not only asserted a right to the fee, but
claimed also the riglit of enacting and enforcing laws,
and otherwise exercising jurisdiction the same as if
its own title were undisputed.

At the close of the revolution, the general govern-
ment sought, by peaceable means, to acquire the red
man's title to the soil northwest of the Ohio. On tlic
21st of January, ItSS, a treaty was concluded at
Fort Mcintosh with four of the Indian tribes, the
Wyandots, Delaware.'^, C/iippewas and Ottawas. By
this treaty tlie Cuyalioga, the Tuscarawas and the
Portage, between them, were agreed as the boundary
on the Reserve between the United States and the
Indians. All east of this line was ceded to the United
States. But the Indians soon became dissatisfied and
refused to comply with the terms of the treaty, and,
on January 9, 1789, another treaty was concluded at
Fort Harmar, at the mouth of the Muskingum, be-
tween Arthur St. Clair, acting for the United States,
and the Wyund.Hs, Delatvares, Chippewas and Sac
nations, by which the terms of the former treaty
were renewed and confirmed. But only a short time
elapsed before the Indians violated their compact.
Peaceful means failing, it became necessary to compel
obedience by the use of arms. Vigorous means for
the relief and protection for the white settler were
called for and enforced. At first the Indians were
successful; but in 1794, General Wayne, at the head
of three thousand five hundred men, encountered the
enemy on the 20th of August on the Maumee, and
gained a decisive victory. Xearly every chief was
slain. The treaty of Greenville was the result. Gen-
eral Wayne met in grand council twelve of the most
powerful northwestern tribes, and the Indians again
yielded their claims to the lands east of the Cuyahoga
[ and made no further effort to regain them, and the
line then fixed remained as the Indian boundary until
the treaty of Fort Industry in 1805, when the Indian
title to the remaining portion of the Reserve was oh-
tained by purchase.

In May, 1795, an act was passed by the legislature
of Connecticut, requiring that deeds conveying any
of the lands so granted, shall be recorded in the town
clerk's office where the loss or damage of tiie original
grantee mentioned in said grant was sustained.

In October, 179j6, on the petition of the proprietors,
the assembly jjassed "An act for incorporating the
proprietors of the half million acres of land lying
south of Lake Erie." By the terms of the act a body
politic was created, with power to appoint officers and
to levy taxes or assessments, and provided for tlie
sale of rights to jviy delinqueiipies. Tlie ]>owers

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

granted by this act were exercised to a greater or less
extent until a new charter, in almost tlie same words,
was obtained from the State of Ohio.

It must be remembered that at this time the West-
ern Reserve was within the limits of the northwestern
territory, which had been duly organized under the
famous ordinance of 178T, and that these claims of
Connecticut were inconsistent with those of the sov-
ereign power of the United States. The controversy
that followed on this point resulted in a compromise.
Congress, in 1799, proposed to Connecticut to release
the right of soil to the grantees of that State, pro-
vided the State would relenquish her claim of juris-
diction. On May 30, 1800, Connecticut acceded to
these terms, and thus the cloud upon the title of the
lands of the Western Reserve was removed, saving the
right of the Indians to occupy that portion west of
the line fixed at the treaty of Greenville.

When the State of Ohio was organized, a new
charter was obtained from the legislature of that
State. This act (approved February 15, 1803.) recites
the resolution of the legishiture of Connecticut pre-
viously quoted, and also further recites:

"And Whereas, The geueral assembly of said State, at their sessions
holdcn at New Haven in said State of Connecticut on the second Thurs-
day of October, Anno Domini, 1796, incorporated the owners and pro-
prietors of said half million acres, with full power to do and transact all
business of said company necessary to be done;

"And Whereas, Said State of Connecticut, by their proper deed, hare
since duly ceded to the United States all their judicial right in and to
said half million of acres, which cession has been duly accepted by the
congress of the United States, and said land annexed to the government
of the State of Ohio;

"And Whereas, Said half million of acres of land are now within the
limits of the county of Trumbull, in said State, are still subject to Indian
claims of title:

"Wherefore, To enable the owners and proprietors of said half mil-
lion acres of land to purchase and extinguish the Indian claim of title
to the ^same (under the authority of the United States when the same
shall be obtained), to survey and locate the said land, and to make par-
tition thereof to and among said owners and proprietors, in propor-
tion to the amount of losses which is or shall be by them respectively
owned," etc.

After this preamble follow tiie different sections of
the act, the first section constituting the owners and
proprietors of said tract a body corporate under the
name of "The proprietors of the half million of acres
of land lying south of Lake Erie, called sufferers'
lands."

The second section provides for a board of nine
directors, one of whom is to represent each of the
suffering towns, except in case of New Loudon,
which was allowed two directors. These directors
were authorized to take steps to extinguish the Indian
title, to survey the land into townships, and partition
the same among the owners and proprietors according
to the amount^ of their several interests, to defray
expenses, consequent upon these and other necessary
acts, and were allowed to levy a tax on said land and
enforce the collection of the same.

The third section of the act names Jabez Fitch, of
Greenwich; Taylor Siierman, of Norwalk; Walter
Bradley, of Fairfield; Philip B. Bradley, of Ridge-
lield; James Clark, of Daubury; Isaac Mills, of New
Haven and East Haven; Elias Perkins and Guy

Richards, of New London; and Starr Chester, of
Groton, as the first board of directors, and pro-
vides for the manner of organization, calling of
meetings, etc.

Tiie next section provides tliat, after the first meet-
ing, the directors shall be cliosen once in two years
by the proprietors of said lands, holding losses sus-
tained. Other sections following provide for appoint-
ment of clerk, treasurer, collector of ta.xes, etc., and
specify tiie manner of selling land for non-payment of
taxes.

The eighth section authorizes the directors to insti-
tute suits against trespassers on the lands, and to
adjust and settle the accounts of former incorpora-
tions.

The ninth section makes sales by collector, of
rights sold for non-payment of taxes, valid unless
redeemed within six months, by paying tax, twelve
per cent, interest, and cost of sale.

The ninth section authorizes directors "to do what-
ever shall to them appear necessary and proper to be
done for the well-ordering of said owners and pro-
prietors, not contrary to the laws of this State." •

The eleventh section requires the directors to make
an annual report, and directs them to dispose of any
surplus funds remaining "after the Indian title shall
be extinguished, and said lands located and parti-
tion thereof made, shall be used by said directors
in laying out and improving the public roads in said
tract. "

The twelfth and final section states that the act
shall be and remain a jntblic act during the pleasure
of the assembly.

The first meeting of the directors was holden at
the dwelling house of Marcus Miles, inn-holder, in
the city of New Haven, Connecticut, on the second
Wednesday of February, 1804, eight of the nine
directors being present. Philip B. Bradley was
chosen chairman, and Isaac Mills, clerk.

On the 14th of September, 1804, William Dean, of
Easton, originally of the county of Bucks, in the
commonwealth of Pennsylvania, submitted to the
directors a proposition in writing to extinguish "the
Indian right of 3oil at six cents per acre (or thirty
thousand dollars), and deliver the possession in due
form of law (as relates to Indians) in the presence of
a commissioner of the United States, to be appointed
for that purpo.se before the 1st of September of the
next year, 1805. I will, at my own expense, pay the
consideration to the Indians, the presents to l)e made
to them at the treaty, the pay of the commissioner
and all other expenses incident to the same (except
those of tlie agent of said companj-)." Mr. Dean also
specifies the time and manner of payment and other
particulars.

The directors, at their meeting on September 30,
considered the matter and voted to accept the jiropo-
sitiou, specifying at some length various conditions,
which were immediately accepted by Mr. Dean. At
this meeting a tax of twenty-five cents to the pound

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

of original loss was levied. September 25, the chair-
man Avas directed to make application to the Presi-
dent of the United States, to appoint a commissioner
to treat with the Indians, as provided in agreement
with William Dean.

On March 27, 1805, Isaac Mills, the clerk of the
board, was appointed agent, in behalf of the directors
of said comi)any, to attend the Indian treaty to be
held by William Dean, and was also authorized to
take steps towards running and establishing the
boundary lines, and was to be allowed five dollars per
day for his services, and his own expenses.

On October 31, 1805, Isaac Mills, agent for the
directors, submitted his report, reciting that on May
7, he left Xew Haven for Cleveland, Ohio, the point
originally selected to hold the treaty with the Indians.
On his arrival at Cleveland, he found that the In-
dians could not be collected at that place, and that it
was decided to hold it at Fort Industry, on the
Miami of the lake. In order to carry out the treaty,
Mr. Dean, not having the specie, drew checks on
the United States Bank at Philadelphia to the amount
of six thousand dollars, on which specie was obtained.
On the 4th day of July, 1805, the Chippewa, Ottawa,
Pottawutoinie, Wyandot, Delaware and Miinsee, to-
gether with the Shawanese nations of Indians, exe-
cuted a treaty by which all the lands belonging to the
company were ceded by said nations to it, and Charles
Jewett, commissioner for the United States, certified
that William Dean had procured the proper convey-
ance from the Indian tribes, Avhich would become
absolutely vested in the company when the treaty
should be ratified by the United States senate. Here-
with is the treaty referred to:

"To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting; I certify. That
the annexed writing contains a true copy of a treaty-concluded with
certain Indian tribes at Fort Industry, on the 4th day of July, 1805, the
original whereof remains in this office. In faith whereof, I, Robert Smith,
secretary for the department of state of the United States of America,
have signed these presents, and caused the seal of my office to be affixed
hereto, at the city of Washington, this -HA day of March, A.D., 180n, and
In the thirty-third year of the independence of the said States.

[I., s.] R. SMITH.

Thomas Jefferson, President af the United States of America: To all to
whom these presents shall come, greeting:

" Whereas, A treaty was held on the 4th day of July, A. D., one thou-
sand eight hundred and five, under the authority of the United States,
with the sachems, chiefs and warriors of the Wyandot, Ottaira, Chip-
pewa, ^fllnsee, and Delaware, Shavanee and Pottauatomie nations or
tribes of Indians at Fort Industry, on the Jliami of the lake, in the pres-
ence and with the approbation of Charles Jewett, the commissioner of
the United States, appointed to hold the same, the following agreement
was made between the said nations and tribes of Indians and the agent
of the land companies hereinafter mentioned.

"A treaty between the United States of America and the sachems,
chiefs and warriors of the n'yandot. Ottawa, Chippewa, Miinsee and
Delaware, Shawciiee and Pottawatomie nations, holden at Fort In-
dustry, on the Jliami of the lalfe, on the 4th day of July, A.D., one thou-
sand eight hundred and five.

"Whereas, Thomas Jefferson. President of the United States, did ap-
point Charles Jewett. Esquire, a commissioner to hold a treaty with said
Indian Nations, for the purjJose of enabling the agents of the Connecti-
cut Reserve, to negotiate and conclude a cession of their lands: and,

"Whereas, The company incorporatedby thenameof the Proprietors
of the half million acres of land lying south of Lake Erie, called 'Suf-
ferers' Lands," and the'ownersand proprietors of one half million acres
of land, part of said Connecticut Resene. lyingon the west end thereof,
and south of the shore of Lake Erie; and.

"Whereas, The Connecticut Land Company, so called, are the owners
I and proprietors of the remaining part of said Reserve lying west of the
river Cuyahoga: and.

"Whereas, Henry Champion, Esquire, agent of the said Connecticut
Land Company, and Isaac Mills. Esquire, agent of directors of the com-
pany, incoi-porated by the name of the 'Proprietors of the half million
acres of land lying south of Lake Erie, called 'Sufferers" Lands." were
both duly authorized and empowered by their respective companies and
I the directors thereof, to treat lor the cession and purchase of said Con-
j necticut Reserve :

*'Non', knotr all men by these presents. That we, the sachems, chiefs
and warriors of the Nations aforesaid, for the consideration of eighteen
thousand nine hundred sixteen and sixty-seven one-himdredths dollars
received of the companies aforesaid, by the hands of their respective
agents, to our full satisfaction, have ceded, remised, released and quit
cla-med. and by these presents do cede, remise, release and forever quit
claim to the companies aforesaid, and the individuals composing the
same, and their heirs and assigns forever, all the interest, right, title
and claim of title of said Indian Nations respectively, of, in and to all
the lands of said companies lying west of the river Cuyahoga, and the
Portage between that and the Tuscarawas branch of the Muskingum'
north of the northernmost part of the forty-first degree of noith lati-
tude, east of a line agreed and designated in a treaty between the United
States and said Indian Nations, bearing even date herewith, being a line
north and south one hundred and twenty miles due west of the west line
of Pennsylvania, and south of the northwesternmostpart of the forty-
second degree and two minutes north latitude, for them the said compa-
nies respectively, to have, hold, occupy, peaceably possess and enjoy
the granted and quit claimed premises forever, free and clear of all let,
hindrance or molestation whatever, so that said Nations, and neither of
them, the sachems, chiefs and warriors thereof, and neither of them, or
any of the posterity of said Nations respectively, shall ever hereafter
make any claim to the quit claimed premises, or any part thereof, but
therefrom said Nations, the sachems, chiefs and warriors thereof, and
the posterity of said nations shall be forever barred.

"In witness whereof, The commissioner of the United States, the agents
of the Companies aforesaid, and the sachems, chiefs and warriors of
the respective Indian Nations aforesaid, have hereunto interchangeably
fixed their seals and set their names.

■'CHARLES JEW-ETT, [l. s.]
■HENRY CH.AMPION, [l. s.]
'ISAAC MILLS, [l. s.]
"NEKIK, or Little Otter, [l. s]

Here follows the names of the
other sachems, etc., of the afore
said Indian Tril es.
"In presence of William Dea.v, C. F. L. C. ,
"J. B. Mower.
"Jasper Parish.
'•Now, be it kno)fn. That I, Thomas Jefferson, President of the"Uuited
States of America, having seen and considered the said treaty, do. by
and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, accept, ratify
and confirm the same and every article and clause thereof.

"In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of the United States to
be hereunto affixed, and signed the same with my hand.

" Done at the City of Washington, the 'JSth day of January, A. D. one
thousand eight himdred and six, and of the independence of the United
States of America the thirtieth.

"TH: JEFFERSON.
" By the President.

" JAMES MADISON, Secretary of State.
"Recorded and examined by Isaac Mills, Clerk."

By virtue of this treaty, the title to all the lands of
the Reserve which was not obtained by the treaty of
Oreenville, was perfected, and the Indians made no
further attempt to assert ownership. The two com-
panies agreed to pay the Indians, l)y reason of this
relinquishment, sixteen thousand dollars, one fourth
in cash, and the remainder in annual i)ayments of two
thousand dollars each, and a perpetual annuity of one
hundred and seventy-five dollars, the interest at six
percent of two thousand nine hundred sixteen and
sixty-seven hundredths dollars, which tw"0 sums were
secured to the President of the United States by the
companies. The consideration named in the treaty
is made up from the two amounts above named, six-
teen thousand dollars, and two thousand nine hun-
dred and sixteen and sixty-seven hundredths dollars.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

The Indians were the first owners of the soil, and
were the last to relinquish their claims. The suffer-
ers were deeply interested in the above treaty, for
upon its successful termination depended their ability
to possess and settle their lauds.

CHAPTER V.

THE SURVEY AND PABTITION.

The treaty referred to in the preceding chapter, was
not ratified by the United States senate untilJanuary
25, 180(3; still the Fire-lands Comjjany felt so sure of
its final ratification, that they authorized one of their
number, Taylor Sherman, at a meeting held Novem-
ber 1, 1805, to make an arrangement for the survey
of the tract. In pursuance of the power thus vested
in him, Mr. Sherman, on the IGth of December fol-
lowing, closed a contract with John McLean and
James Clark, of Danbury, Coni.ecticut, to make the
survey — these persons to employ Almon Ruggles, or
some other competent surveyor, to do the work. The
contract stipulated that the boundaries of the five
hundred thousand acres should be ascertained and
fl.xed, and that then the tract should be divided into
townships five miles square, and each township sub-
divided into four equal divisions. The price which
the contractors were to receive was two dollars per
mile, with an additional sum of fifty cents per mile
should the survey prove to be entirely satisfactory.
Care was taken to have the contract stipulate that all
//ills and viountains should be particularly described.
The work was to be completed within one year, un-
less delay should occur in the ratification of the treaty,
or the labors of the surveyors interrupted or hindered
by the Indians.

On account of unexpected delay, on the part of the
United States, in running the south line of the Re-
serve, the time for finishing the survey was extended
to June 1, 1807.

On the Cth of Fel)ruary, 1800, it was agreed be-
tween the Counecticut Land Company and the Fire-
lands Company that the five hundred thousand acres
granted the latter company should include the island
in Sandusky bay (Johnson's Island), but not the
waters of the bay itself.

The survey was begun in the spring of 1806. Fifty
six miles of the base line of the Reserve, westward
from Pennsylvania, was run in 1796, by Mr. Seth
Pease, a surveyor in the employ of the United States,
and Mr. Gallatin, secretary of the treasury, appointed
him to run the remainder of the line, which he per-
formed, commencing June 2-4, 1806, and starting at
the terminus of the first line on the Tuscarawas. The
southwest corner of the Reserve and Fire-lands was
fixed at a distance of one hundred and twenty miles
from the- Pennsylvania line, and thereupon township
and section lines were run, and the survey was com-'
pleted in about one year.

Although the base line was run on the true parallel

by Mr. Pease, yet an error had lieen made in starting,
the point of beginning being too far to the westward,
which carried the point of ending beyond the real
western limit of the Reserve.

Amos Spafford, as agent for the Counecticut Land
Company, made a survey in the interests of the com-
l)any in the year 1806, but his chain men purposely
made the base line longer than it should have been,
the object being to include more land in the Reserve
than it was entitled to. Objections being made to
Spafford"s survey, the Connecticut Land Company
employed Joshua Stow to run the line anew, which
he did, establishing the southwest corner of the Re-
serve a full half rcile east of the point determined by
the Spafford survey.

In 1808, the government having learned of the mis-
take made by ilr. Pease, commissioned Mr. Maxfield
Ludlow to run the base line of the Reserve anew,
which was done, and the western terminus was foiuid
to be a trifle more than a mile east of that fixed by
Mr. Pease's survey. The Ludlow and the Stow sur-
veys were in accord, and a post sunk in an almost
impenetrable swamp was made to designate the south-
west corner of the Fire lands and of the Reserve.

Almon Ruggles had made a division of the five
hundred thousand acres into townships and*sections,
beginning at the southwestern terminus as established
by Mr. Pease. After the Ludlow survey, this division
had to be made anew, and Ruggles was again em-
ployed. Beginning, in the year 1808, at the proi)er
point as fixed by Ludlow, he ran east on the base
line of the Reserve to such a probable point as that
from which, if a line were run north to the lake parallel
with the west line of the Reserve, the included area
would be equivalent to five hundred thousand aci'es.
It was extremely difficult to find this point, owing to
the irregularity of the northern boundary caused by
the trend of the lake. Mr. Schuyler, in his centennial
address, says: "He fixed the southeast corner of the
Fire-lands on the Ludlow line twenty-eighty chains
and sixty-eighty links west from the ninety-fourth mile
post from the Pennsylvania line. The line ran from
that point north four degrees forty seconds west to
the lake to a point forty-three links east of a black oak
tree marked J. Stow, on the east side, and A. R., on
the west side, and standing near the bank of the lake,
and near the first perpendicular bluff of rocks, east
of the Vermillion river. On computation of the
survey afterwards, it was' found that the quantity of
land so cut off was five hundred thousand and
twenty-seven acres." The length of the land, from
east to west, thus set off to the sufferers', is twenty-
five miles, fift3'-one chains, and thirtj'-two links.
When the tract was survej'ed into townships, the
breadth 'of each, from east to west, was, therefore,
about two-fifteenths of a mile more than five miles.

P.\RTITION.

.Joseph Wakeman, Isaac Mills, Taylor Sherman and
William Eldridge were appointed a committee by the

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

directors of the Fire-lands Company, September 13,
1808, to devise a mode of partition of the lands.
November 8, 1808, this committee submitted a some-
what lengthy report, reciting first that Almon Riig-
gles had completed his survey whereby the tract was
divided into five ranges of townships from south to
north, numbered the twentieth, twenty-first, twenty-
second, twenty-third and twenty-fourth ranges. The
report goes on to enumerate facts already given.

The townships in each range were numbered from
south to north, the one adjoining the south line of
the Reserve being number one, and were intended to
be five miles square, except those adjoining Lake Erie,
which were fractional.

The townships generally were further divided into
four parts or sections, the southeast rpiarter being
designated as section one; the northeast quarter as
section two; the northwest quarter as section three,
and the southwest quarter as section four.

In the twentieth range there are five townships
about five miles square, and containing about sixteen
thousand four hundred and eighty-one acres each,
leaving between town five and Lake Erie a fraction
containing twelve thousand and forty-nine acres.
Tlie tweffty-first range also contains five towns of the
same dimensions with a fraction on the north of six
thousand five hundred and thirty acres. The twenty-
second range, five towns and fraction of thirteen
thousand seven hundred and sixty-six acres. The
twenty-third range, six towns and fraction of two
thousand seven hundred and eighty-three acres.
The twenty-fourth range contains the same number
of square towns, as the twenty-third i-ange, with a
fraction of three thousand two hundred and sixty-
eight acres.

The peninsula lying north of Sandusky bay, con-
tains sixteen thousand three hundred and twenty-one
acres, and the island (Johnson's) adjacent thereto in
said bay contains three hundred and twenty acres,
the whole amounting to five hundred tliousand and
twenty-seven acres.

In order to equalize the fractions adjoining the
lake, the following combinations were made:

To e(|ualize town six in range twenty were added
four thousand one hundred and twenty-three acres
from the east part of the fraction in range twenty-
one; this now forms Vermillion township in Erie
county. The remaining fractional jjart of town six in
range twenty-one, amounting to two thousand four
hundred and seven acres, was added to town six in
range twenty-two, and is now called Huron town-
ship.

The peninsula and island in the bay were jiut to-
gether not being considered as being ei|nal to more
than a township.

To section one, in town one of range twenty-four,
(Richmond), were annexed seventeen liundred and
eight-three acres off the east end of the fraction of
two thousand seven hundred and eighty-three acres

lying between township six of the twenty-third range
and Sandusky bay.

To section four of the same township, were added
five hundred acres taken from the same fraction, and
the remaining five hundred acres were annexed to
section four of township one of the twenty-third
range, (New Haven).

To section one of township six in the twenty-fourth
range, were added four hundred acres off the east
end of the fraction lying between said township and
the bay. To section three of said township were
added twenty- two hundred and sixty-eight acres taken
from the same fraction, and the rest of it — six hun-
dred acres — was added to the fourth section of the
same township.

The peninsula and island were divided into four
equal sections or quarters.

By using in this way sundry tracts for annexation
purposes, the different townships were made equal in
value in the opinion of the committee.

The mode of partition was ingenious and interest-
ing. There were just thirty townships (equalized,)
to be distributed. There being four sections to each
township, there were one hundred and twenty sec-
tions. The whole amount of loss was therefore
divided into one hundred and twenty equal parts,
each part representing one thousand three hundred
and forty-four pounds seven shillings. This sum was
therefore the value of each section or one-fourth of a
township. One hundred and twenty tickets were
prepared. On each ticket were written the names of
various sufferers, classified in such a way that their
lo.sses aggregated one thousand three hundred and
forty-four pounds seven shillings. Four of these
tickets numbered respectively one, two, three, four,
representing five thousand three hundred and seventy-
seven pounds eight shillings, equivalent to the value
of a whole township, were taken and rolled up
together, forming a package. In this way thirty
packages were formed, or as many as there were
townships. These thirty packages of classifica-
tions were placed in a box, and in another box
were placed thirty tickets, each containing the four
sections of one township. Then some disinterested
person drew from the box of township tickets, and
some other disinterested person drew from the other
box a package of classifications. The package was
then opened, and the four tickets opened. Ticket
number one corresponded to section number one;
ticket two to section two: ticket three to section
three, and ticket four to section four. The names on
each of these tickets constituted the owners for each
of these sections respectively. In like manner were
all the other townships drawn, and each proprietor
knew at once in which township and section his land
was located. The draft was made November 9,
1808.

Names were given to the different townships,
which, with the following exceptions, have not been
changed to tlie present time.

HISTORY OF HUEON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

jesup since changed to Florence.

Canterbury " " " Hartland.

Eldridge Berlin.

Avery Milan.

Vredenburg " " "Peru.

Cannon " " •'Richmond.

Patterson Margaretta.

Wheatsborough Lyme.

KOADS ESTABLISHED.

October 19, 1809, the directors ordered that a road
be laid out and cnt through Huron county, from
north to south, passing from, or near the shore of
Lake Erie, on the east side of Huron river, running
thence on the most suitable route until it strikes near
the center of the north line of the township of
Norwalk, and thence southward on a line as near the
center of the other township as the ground will admit;
that William Eldridge be appointed agent to cause
the road to be laid out and cut, causewayed, logged
and bridged in the best and most prudent way regard-
ing the interest of the Fire-lands Company; to be cut
and cleared off at least sixteen feet in width, and the
stumps to be cut down smooth with the surface of the
ground at least twelve feet in width. The sum of
eight hundred dollars was appropriated for the work,
the agent to receive no compensation for his services.

A second and similar road was ordered laid out
north and south through the county, on or near the
line between the twentieth and twenty-first ranges.
Six hundred dollars was appropriated for the work,
and Ebenezer Jesup, Jr., appointed agent to carry it
into effect, and to serve without compensation.

A third, leading east and west in the county, to
commence on the east side thereof, at the termination
of the road already laid, marked or cut through the
lands of the Connecticut Land Company, leading
from the Portage in the southerly part thereof, but-
ting on said east line, and extend to, or near the
middle or center of the south line of the town of
Norwalk until it intersects the road already voted to
be laid out, or as near as the nature of the ground
will admit.

That a fourth road be laid out to commence at or
near the south line of Norwalk, where the north and
south road crosses it, then running west on township
lines, or as near the same as practicable, to the west
line of the county.

Another similar road to begin on the south line of
Fairfield at the north and south road and running
west, following town lines as near as practicable to
the county line.

Five hundred dollars were appropriated for the
construction of the first road and six hundred dollars
for the other two roads, and Isaac Mills appointed agent
to construct them, to serve without compensation.

FINAL PROCEEDUiTGS.

The report of Joseph Darling, treasurer, was sub-
mitted, showing the total receipts up to October 10,
1809, as forty-seven thousand seven hundred and
seventy-five dollars and seventy-seven cents, with a

balance in the treasury of thirty-five hundred and
sixty-nine dollars and eleven cents. This amount
was reduced at subsequent meetings of the directors,
by payment of the sums appropriated for making
roads, salaries of directors, etc., until the balance
in the treasury was i-educed to one hundred and
twenty-two dollars, which was by vote at the final
meeting appropriated: sixty-two dollars to cut a road
fi-om Norwalk to Sandusky bay, and sixty dollars to
cut a road or roads in the town of Danbury, on the
peninsula. The last meeting of the board of direc-
tors was held at the county house in New Haven,
Connecticut, August 28, 1811, the full board being
present. Their names were as follows: Guy Richards,
and William Eldridge, of New London; Ebenezer
Avery, Jr., of Groton; Ebenezer Jesup, Jr., of Fair-
field; Taylor Sherman, of Norwalk; Philip B. Brad-
ley, of Ridgefield; and Epiphras W. Bull, of Dan-
bury.

The board then drew up a petition to the general
assembly of Ohio, reciting that they had performed
the duties required of them by the act of incorpora-
tion, and asked that their records be legalized, so that
they may be forever kept as a part of the records of
Huron county, and that they, or duly eei-tified tran-
scripts, be received as legal evidence.

It was voted that upon the payment of outstanding
orders already drawn, the bond of the treasurer sliall
be cancelled.

" Voted, That this meeting be adjourned without
day, and never to be holden again.

"Attest: Isaac Mills, Clerl:"

CHAPTER VI.

PHYSICAL FEATURES OP HURON COUNTY-GEOG-
RAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY.

Huron" county lies at the southwest portion of the
Connecticut Western Reserve, and originally and for
many years after its settlement it comprehended all
of the Fire-lauds, or five hundred thousand acres.
Its southern boundary is the forty-first parallel df
latitude, and until 1838, when Erie county was
formed out of its territory, it extended northward to
the shores of Lake Erie, including the peninsula and
islands north of Sandusky bay. The present territo-
rial limits of Huron county embrace, with the excep-
tion of Ruggles township, which was set off at the
time of the formation of Ashland county in 1846,
towns number one, two, three and four in the twen-
tieth, twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third and
twenty-fourth ranges of townships in the Connecticut
Western Reserve. These townships were laid out as
nearly five miles square as possible, but owing to the
fact that the breadth of the Fire lands' tract, from
east to west, is twenty-five miles, fifty-one chains and
thirty-two links, each township, from eiist to west, is
a fraction more than five miles in extent.

HISTORY OF HUEON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

The county is, then, generally speaking, a rec-
tangle, twenty-five miles long by twenty miles in
widtli — its greater length being from east to west.
By the original survey, each township was to contain
about sixteen thousand acres of land. This would
give the area of the county as four hundred and
seventy-five square miles, or three hundred and six
thousand acres. The auditor's duplicate for 1877
has three hundred and six thousand and ninety-
seven acres, which, however, does not include lands
regularly laid out into town lots. Land occupied by
roads is sometimes, but not generally omitted, as are
public grounds, cemeteries, &c. ; so that probably
two or three thousand acres are thus left out.

The county is bounded on the north by Erie
county, on the east by Lorain and Ashland, on the
south by Ashland and Richland, and on the west by
Seneca and Sandusky counties. It has nineteen
townships, as follows: Wakeman, Clarksfield, New
London, Townsend, Hartland, Fitchville, Greenwich,
Norwalk, Bi-ouson, Fairfield, Ripley, Ridgefield,
Peru, Greenfield, New Haven, Lyme, Sherman, Nor-
wich and Richmond. Its principal towns and vil-
lages are Norwalk, Bellevue, Monroeville, Plymouth,
Wakeman, New London and Collins. The popula-
tion of the county in 1870 was as follows:

Bronson

Clarksfield

Fairfield

Fitchville

Greenfield

Greenwich

Hartland 9M , Ripley 10S9

Lyme, exclusive o£ village. . 1161 Sherman 1260

Lymepart of Bellevue 1219 , Towusend .

New Haven 1221 ' Wakeman.

New London township 797 ,

' New London village 678 , Total

Norwalk township 1254'

980 ! Norwalk city 4498

1062 , Norwich 1172

1.332 ! Peru 1297

795 1 Richmond 880

954 Ridgefield 1189

Uage

29,616

The village of Bellevue lies partly in Sandusky
county, and that of Plymouth partly in Richland
county.

Huron county has no lakes or considerable ponds;
no large or navigable streams; no high hills, rocky
ledges, nor ravines or gorges of considerable depth or
extent, and yet the surface is far from an unbroken,
monotonous plain; on the contrary, it is pleasantly
diversified with hills and dales of often picturesque
Ijeauty and attractiveness. The slope of the county
is to the northward, the numerous streams that are
found within its limits all bearing tribute to Lake
Erie. On its southern boundary these streams are
well nigh insignificant in size; in fact, within five
miles, the divide is reached, south of which the streams
are tributary to the great Mississippi basin. Huron
county is drained by two principal water courses —
Huron and Vermillion rivers — at the mouth of each,
especially at the former, there are good harbors; but
the streams themselves are too small to be navigable
to any distance. However, by the aid of a canal the
former stream was at one time ascended by lake craft
as far as the village of Milan.

Vermillion river has its source in Savannah lake,
Ashland county, where it connects with streams
which are tributary to the Ohio, the valleys uniting

at the divide in a continuous channel, now deeply
filled with drift, indicating that the drainage of both
valleys was formerly southward. The connection of
the head waters of Huron river with the streams run-
ning south is not so distinctly marked, yet it can be
easily traced between them and the two valleys, one
to the east and one to the west of Mansfield, in Rich-
land county, where the drainage is also to the south.
This is indeed a general characteristic of the streams
in this part of the State, which have their origin near
the divide, between the waters of Lake Erie and the
Ohio river. They are not separated by a water shed,
and fed by springs flowing from opposite sides of it,
but have their common origin in valleys having a
northerly and southerly direction, and usually com-
mence in marshes or small lakes, now occupying the
summit of the pass. Here they receive the surface
drainage from the higher lands on each side, which
accumulates in the pond or marsh, and gives rise to
streams flowing in o])posite directions. The valleys
of these streams are filled with alluvium, resting
upon drift deposits, and they have rocky beds only in
places where ^obstructions have diverted the stream
into new channels.

There is one peculiar feature of Huron county,
through rarely, if ever, mentioned in print: it is the
eastern limit of the prairies. Here the adventurous
explorer, making his way westward, first saw indica-
tions that there was anything within the country be-
sides interminable woods and forest jungles, and soon
became aware that these little openings, or "savan-
nas,*' sometimes but little better than marshes, were
the precursors, or forerunners, of the vast treeless
plains of the farther west, on which the rank grass
grew and S'wayed in the wind, which, though gentle at
times, often sweeps over them like the tempest on the
open sea. But Huron county was mostly in the
heavily wooded region. Here grew the giant oaks,
the spreading beech; the sturdy maple yielding its
saccharine sweets; the drooping and graceful-boughed
elm; the slender, smooth, strong hickory with its
gnarling limbs, its shaggy bark and its plentiful sup-
ply of nuts; the walnut, white aud black; while the
stately shining trunks of the sycamore aud ash, sym-
bolic of toughness, were not wanting. On the sandy
ridges grew the chestnut, blooming in midsummer,
and furnishing the early settler with rail timber, easily
wrought, light to handle, and resisting decay for a
generation. Here, also, was found the wild cherry,
with its not unpleasant, though bitter and medicinal
fruit, and its close-grained and handsome wood, suita-
ble for cabinet work, but now superseded by the black
walnut. The dogwood, with its broad-petaled blos-
soms aud its clusters of glistening crimson berries;
the juneberry, its flowers appearing before the frost
and snow are fairly gone, and its pleasant tasting fruit,
ripening at the time of strawberries; the sassafir.s,
with its tender and fragrant boughs, its strong-scented
bark and roots; the grape-vine, climbing among the
saplings of the forest, and with its broad leaves

HISTORY OF HUEON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

thickly massed forming overhead a canopy which shut
out the sun and almost defied the rain to penetrate.
There were not wanting scenes of sjivau beauty, and
no wonder the wild Indian and the scarcely less wild
white hunter loved the forest better than the corn-
field and meadow, and at their approach fled west-
ward where they would be undisturbed by the echoes
of the ringing axe, and the cnishing, cracking sound
that was heard when a great tree was felled.

GEOLOGY.*

SURFACE DEPOSITS.

The underlying rocks are sandstone, argillaceous
and bituminous shales, with a strip of lime rock in the
northwestern border of the county. These rocks have
been broken up and pulverized by nature's vast ice-
plow. The finely comminuted debris has been in-
timately mixed with that of the granite of the north
and of all the intervening rocks, and the whole spread
out over the surface of the county. As the waters
which covered the surface at the close of the glacial
epech receded, terraces were formed, and each, for a
long period, constituted a shore swamp, in which the
decomposing vegetable material accumulated to form
a soil of unsurpassed and permanent fertility.

The material composing the upper terraces were
long subjected to the action of shore waves, and iu
places the surface is occupied by sand dunes and as-
sorted gravel. The lower terrace is a broad prairie,
with swampy muck soil. When the country was first
settled, some of this was not reclaimed from water,
but the greater part of it is now remarkably fertile
farming land, especially adapted to the cultivation of
corn.

The general elevation of the level prairie land in
Lyme township is one hundred and twenty-five feet
above the lake. Here is a succession of remarkable
sand dunes, which rise to the height of thirty feet.
These sand hills were formed, as was much of the
main sand ridge of the county, by wind and wave
action along the lake shore, and on the margin of a
shore swamp, caused by this barrier, in which vege-
table debris accumulated for a long time. The north
side of the ridge exhibits the irregular winding out-
line of the lake beach, while on the south it is usually
bordered by irregular, billowy dunes of sand — the
ridge, api^arently formed by the waves, the dunes by
the wind. West of Monroeville, the ridge is a regu-
lar, Avell marked beach line, rising about ten feet
above the plain, at the south of it, and fifteen above
that, at the north. On the south side are the irrregu-
lar dunes, and on the north a wide stretch of level
prairie.

At Four Corners, the ridge becomes less conspicu-
ous but maintains the same elevation, the marginal
swamps of tlie old lake having become quite shallow.
Beyond this, to the limit of the county, the ridge has
an elevation of onlv from ten to fifteen feet above the

■ From Geological Sta

ey ot Ohio, volume III.

level plain, which stretches away to the north of it.
At a point near where the Bellevue road crosses the
county line, the limestone rock, in beds, may be seen
cropping out of the sand ridge, indicating a low rock
bluff, formerly the shore of the lake, which the waves
have bui'ied beneath the sand. Where the ridge does
not rest upon the bed rock, the materials below it are
here fifteen to twenty feet of silicious, blue clay, with
abundance of granite bowlders and pebbles, and frag-
ments of shale, with quicksand below, resting upon
the rocks, and in which a supply of water is reached
by wells.

While the great body of this level land, reclaimed
from the old swamps, is exceedingly fertile, there is a
remarkable exception in a large tract north of Monroe-
ville, and extending into Erie county. The soil is a
fine, black, peaty mold, presenting nothing to the eye
to distinguish it from the productive coi-n lands sur-
rounding it. It was cleared and put under cultiva-
tion, but it refused to tolerate grain, or corn, or any
valuable crop. Here and there an apple tree sprang
up, spontaneously seeded, and grew vigorously. Ef-
forts at thorough drainage were unavailing. The soil
is comparatively thin, the bed rock coming near the
surface; but equally thin soils, in adjacent places, are
productive, so that this cannot be the real cause of its
infertility. A washing of the soil showed, with lit-
mus paper test, a decided acid reaction. The vege-
tation also indicates the presence of acids. This is,
undoubtedly, the sole cause of its sterility. The un-
derlying rock is Huron shale, which is filled with
concretions of the bi-sulphide of iron; wherever this
is exposed to the joint action of air and water, it is
decomposed, the sulphur set free, which uniting with
the oxygen of the air, produces sulphuric acid. These
changes are facilitated by cultivation, so that steps
taken to improve the soil only aggravate the evil. If
this is the cause of the difficulty, the remedy is easily
found. A generous application of ashes, or of quick-
lime, will be sufficient. The lime, uniting with the
acid, will form sulphate of lime, oi- plaster, itself a
good fertilizer. The alkali must be well mixed with
the soil, and the application may have to be repeated,
until all the pyrites within reach of atmospheric in-
fluences has decomposed, and yielded up its sulphur.
East of Xorwalk the sand ridge has a gently wav-
ing contour on the north, and is bounded by a broad
water plain, except as modified by recent erosion.
On the south it is very irregular in its outline, the
billowy dunes being of varying height and form, and
often extending a long distance from the ridge. The
materials of the ridge are, at the top, finely washed
sand, resting upon gravel, with a profusion of granite
bowlders, and below this, bowlder clay or bed rock.
This is the only well marked and continuous sand
ridge in the county, a winding highway, thrown up
by the action of the waves, resting in places directly
upon the bed rock, iu others upon the coarser ma-
terials of the drift clays, sometimes burying beneath
it the debris of the old shore swamps, and at others

■2S

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

extending over chasms one lumdrecl or more feet in
depth, filled to the general level with drifted material.

Granite bowlders of varions sizes may be occasion-
ally seen projecting through tlie sand of the ridge,
and through the peaty marsh soil between the ridge
and the lake, presenting the appearance of having
been di'opped from floating icebergs. About one
mile southwest of Monroeville a granite bowlder, eight
and one-half feet long and five feet in breadth, pro-
jects four feet ten ihches above the black mould of
the prairie soil; others, somewhat smaller, are found
here and there, and in places the surface is dotted with
them. Careful examination revealed the fact that
these bowlders, except in cases where they had been
moved by human agency, rested upon the rock, or
upon the clay or gravel underlying the ridge. Every
fact thus far observed tends, to the conclusion that all
the bowlders were dropi^ed before the sand ridge or
]ii-airie soil was formed. However, near the south-
west corner of Bei'lin township, in a primitive forest,
composed mainly of large oaks, a great number of
bowlders was discovered resting upon the undisturbed
vegetable mould.

Remains of other sand ridges than that described
can be detected in other parts of the county. Be-
tween Xorwalk and Olena, on the line which sepa-
rates Bronson and Hartland townships, the surface
presents to the eye the appearance of a broad, level
jjlain of rich sandy loam, but it rises imperceptibly
to the height of two hundred and fifteen feet above
the sand ridge of Norwalk, or three hundred and
sixty feet above the lake. About one-half mile east
of Olena, a long, sandy and gravelly ridge rises to
the height of three hundred and ninety-five feet
above the lake. Near the northeast corner of Hart-
land township there are also the remains of another
sand ridge, fifty feet lower than the last, which has
suffered much from erosion, and is cut up by irregular
valleys leading down to the west branch of Vermillion
river, exposing the coarse drift below,' with many
large striated bowlders. In the western part of
Fitchville township, a long, sandy ridge, trending
nearly north and south, rises in the highest parts to
four hundred and twentj'-five feet above the lake,
rising ten to fifteen feet above the level land to the
east, and twenty to twenty-five feet aliove that ou the
west.

In Peru township the bed of Huron river is about
one hundred and thirty feet above the lake, the bluffs
generally composed of modified drifts. These bluffs
rise to a height of from one hundred and eighty to
two hundred feet above the lake, and are modified by
surface erosion.

At Greenfield Center the Ijarometer marked an ele-
vation of two hundred and ninety feet above the lake.
•The surface of most of the township is covered with
irregular undulating hills of gravel and drift.

In Greenwich township the north and south center
road, south of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati
jind Indianapolis railroad, passes over clay lands at an

altitude of four hundred and eighty-five feet above
the lake, presenting the appearance of a broad water
plain, and resembling in all respects the heavy clay
lands in northeastern Ohio, which are underlain by
the Cuyahoga shales.

ClYAHOGA SHALES.

About one hundred feet of the lower part of the
Cuyahoga shale underlie the southeastern part of the
county. This formation is frequently exposed in the
banks of the Vermillion river and its tributaries,
where the harder layers are quarried for local use and
furnish building stone of fair quality. The rock is a
compact, fine grained sandstone, in rather thin strata,
containing what the quarrymen call "turtle-backs."
These show contorted lines of cleavage, which cause
the rock to break up in rounded, flattish masses,
bearing a rough resemblance to the animal which has
given them this name. The dip of the strata is
irregular. At the quarry worked by W. R. Stan*,
south of Clarksfield village, along the line bearing
south sixty degrees east, the rock dips to tlie north
eleven degrees. Fifteen rods north the di|i is seven
degrees in the opposite direction.

BEREA URIT.

This important quarry rock covers much of the
county, but its value is greatly impaired by local dis-
turbances. At Jefferson's quarry, near the town line
at the northeast corner of Townsend, on a long ridge
running north and south, the surface of the Berea is
two hundred and seventy-five feet above the lake; the
dip is southwesterly seventeen degrees; the line of
strike north sixty-seven degrees west. The upper
layers only are exposed; these are thin, but strong,
and less broken than in most places in the county,
indicating that here good quarries could be opened.
A half mile further north, the diji is fifteen degrees;
the surface marked with glacial stria;, bearing north-
east and southwest. At ]\Ir. Milliman's quarry, near
the northwest part of Townsend, the dip of the Berea
is twenty degrees south, and south by southwest the
stone is of good quality; glacial striag northeast and
southwest. East of the two last exposures, and ou
the east bank of the Vermillion, the surface of the
Berea is twenty-five feet below the last. Fifteen feet
of the rock are exposed in large, massive blocks,
nearly horizontal, but dipping slightly in different
directions. Near Plymoutii village the Berea crops
out on the banks of the stream, showing massive rock
about twelve feet in thickness, nearly horizontal, and
of good quality. At Edgar Bovier's quarry, just east
of the village, the rock is in thin horizontal layers,
becoming thicker as the opening is carried downward;
color, grayish blue, many of the layers affording a
sharp grindstone grit. Here, and at openings further
north on the river, streaks of coaly matter, derived
from plants, are not infrequent in the Berea. The
rock is here unaffected by glacial action, but the dis-
turbance becomes very marked further down the river.

HISTOEY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

At G. Graham's quarry, in Greenfield township, the
rock dips thirteen and a half degrees soutli westerly,
with the line of the strike sosth thirtj'-tive degrees
east, is in very even layers, all finely ripple-marked,
some with the puzzling mammary surface, probably
caused by the action of eddies where "two seas met"
on the old ocean shore.

At Cole's quarry, one and one-half miles south-
east of Norwalk, the Berea is only two hundred and
five feet above the lake, and in its position and sur-
roundings affords a remarkable illustration of the
superficial disturbance which prevails over a lafge
part of the county. The rock is in thin, evenly-
bedded layers, dipping twenty-seven degrees south-
easterly, the line of strike being twenty-two degrees
east. Directly north some fifteen or twenty rods,
and on the opposite side of a small stream, the
black shale is in a position at the same level: the
strata horizontal and undisturbed. About two. rods
north, and a little east of the quarry, the Bedford
shales are exposed, dipping south about twenty-
seven degrees north from the last, and on the
opposite side of the stream, a bluflf, twenty-five feet
high, shows a mixture of Erie and Bedford shales.
In the immediate neighborhood the Berea is exposed
in several places, dipping in various directions, and
varying from twenty to forty degrees. These dis-
turbances have left the Berea here resting on the
Cleveland shales, and have so broken up and crushed
the strata as to greatly impair the value of the quar-
ries in the county. In a few places, even where the
rock is tilted up to quite a sharp angle, the strata are
still entire, and excellent rock can be quarried. At
many of the openings the broken, worthless rock
largely exceeds that which is suitable for building
jjurposes.

BEDFORD SHALES.

These are exposed only in the different branches of
the Huron and Vermillion rivers. Where undis-
turbed they range from forty to seventy-five feet in
thickness, and consist of hard, fine grained sand
rock in thin layers, alternating with thinner bands
of argillaceous shales; the thicker strata of the sand
rock are frequently composed of a mass of the pecu-
liar contorted rock called "turtle-back," rendering
it quite worthless. Sometimes, however, this forma-
tion yields a fair building stone. In places where
quite a heavy bed of the Berea constitutes the surface
rock, these sholes are entirely wanting, the Berea
resting upon the Cleveland shales.

CLEVELAND SHALES.

These have the ordinary characteristics of this
formation, as described in the reports of the north-
eastern counties of the State, differing materially only
in two particulars. The deposit is thinner here,
varying from fifteen to thirty-two feet at the points
where measurements could be obtained. It also con-
tains less carbonaceous matter and more iron, passing

into the red shale which gives its name to the Ver-
million river, and furnishes an inexhaustible sup2>ly
of war paint to the native inhabitants of the region.
The Cleveland shale rests upon the

ERIE SHALES.

The largest measurement of these shales in the
county, thus far obtained, is thirty-two feet. Tiiey
are composed of soft, argillaceous, bluislt shades, with
hard ealcareo-silicious bands a few inches in thickness.
The great changes in the thickness of this formation,
and its position between the two beds of carbonaceous
shales, are of interest, as showing the topography of
the region, and the changes of level at the time of the
introduction of the carboniferous vegetation of the
coal measures. These two deposits of carbonaceous
shales are as well defined_and as easily distinguished
from the including strata, as beds of coal. They may
in one sense be called coal, containing from eighty-
five to ninety per cent, of ash, and having an origin
similar to that of true cannel coal. The fine homo-
geneous material of which the shales are composed
indicate their deposition from quiet water; and the
wide range of the formation, as well as the remains
of huge fishes which it contains, forbid the idea of its
having accumulated in shallow swamps. Whatever
may have been the condition under which the Huron
shales were formed, these conditions were abruptly
changed; and the epoch was followed by long con-
tinued intervals, in which the growth and deposit of
this carbonaceous matter were interrupted.

HUROX SHALE.

These are highly bituminous black shales having
somewhat the appearance of cannel coal, containing
in places the remains of i)lants accompanied with
films of true coal. They also frequently include thin
strata of blue argillaceous shales, containing very little
bituminous matter. Spheroid, and in the lower part
of the Huron shales, elongated concretions are very
abundant, varying in size from a half inch to fifteen
feet in diameter. The smaller ones are composed
almost entirely of pyrites, the larger ones of impure
carbonate of lime. The shales are so highly charged
with sulphur and potash, that in exposures protected
from the rain an efflorescence of alum is sometimes
seen three-fourths of an inch in thickness: and occa-
sionally a nearly pure sulphur of equal thickness may
be observed.

From the reported boruig for water in the machine
shops, Mr. Read estimates the thickness of the Huron
shales to be about seven hundred feet above the toji
of the nearest exposure of the Cleveland shale. Tiie
Huron shale is the great oil-producing rock of Eastern
Ohio and Western Pennsylvania. The slow distribu-
tion of bituminous matter in it has resulted in the
production of gas and petroleum, which along the
outcrop of the strata, have steadily escaped. The
petroleum flowing into the fissures in the rocks, where
it was retained, has parted witli its volatile matter.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

leaving a residuum of asphaltum which by continued
desiccation has become minutely cracked, and the
fissures have been gradually filled with barite. Such
deposits afford no proof that a valuable deposit of coal
may be found outside the coal measures. True coal
in very thin laminse is occasionally found in this shale,
and in all the formations between it and the coal
measures, land plants seem to have flourished under
favorable conditions during the time of the deposit of
all the upper Devonian, and the sub-carboniferous
rocks. It lias left its record in plant impressions, and
in isolated thin films of coal which may be found on
almost any horizon of these rocks; but if taken as
indications of the presence of workable deposits of
coal, they will unquestionably lead to disappointment.

HAMILTON GROUP.

This important group of limestones and shales of
the New York geologists is here represented by a
thin and unimportant deposit of bluish, yellow marly
limestone. This is quite soluble, and therefore much
honeycombed and eroded at its points of ex])osure.
Were it not for the profusion of Hamilton fossils
contained in it, this would be regarded as the upper
part of the corniferous limestone upon which it rests.
It is apparently only from ten to fifteen feet in thick-
ness.

roKxiFERors limestone.

This formation contributes the surface rock at
Bellevue and a small territory adjacent in the north-
west part of the county. Two and a half miles
north of the village, and on the county line, it is
covered with only from eighteen inches to two feet of
soil, and has been exposed in a quarry to the depth
of eight feet. The rock is in thin layers, hard, com-
pact, highly fossiliferous, and presenting the ordi-
nary characteristics of the upper layer of the cornif-
erous at Sandusky. Its surface is thirty feet above
the railway at Bellevue. South from this point, and
three-fourths of a mile north of the south line of
Lyme township, it is struck as the first rock in sink-
ing wells at a depth of twelve feet from the surface.
Still further south, and west of Weavers Corners, a
ridge of limestone soil, filled with its debris, crowns
the west line of the county, at an elevation of fifty
feet above Bellevue, making the thickness of the
rock in the county approximately fifty feet.

CHAPTER Vll

GEOLOGY OP EHIE COUNTY-SUEFACE, FEATURES
AND DEPOSIT. ■

The most interesting featuies in the geology of
Erie county are the splendid series of glacial mark-
ings inscribed on the corniferous limestone in and
about Sandusky City, the lake ridges which traverse
the county from east to west, and the remarkable

•From the Geological Survey of Ohio, vol. II.

petrifying fountains, known as the Castalia springs.
In its topography, Erie county is without any strongly
marked features. Tire surface, to the eye, seems
nearly level; while, in fact, it forms agentle slope from
the south line of the county, where it has an eleva-
tion of one hundred and fifty feet above the lake to
the lake level. This monotony of surface has been
produced by the planing action of the great glacier
that excavated the basin of Lake Erie; not only that
basin which now holds the water, but the greater one
of which the southern boundery is the water shed
between the lake and the Ohio. Erie county, there-
fore, lies near the bottom of this greater basin, and
the great ice mass which filled it, moving from the
northeast to the southwest, ground down the under-
lying rocks to a nearly uniform surface. The outlines
of the lake shore have been apparently determined
by the same great cause. The general bearing of the
south shore of Lake Erie is essentially the same from
near Buffalo to the mouth of the Huron river. There
the coast line forms a large angle with its former
course, and stretches, with only local variations,
directly from Huron to the mouth of the Maumee.
By a glance at the map, however, it will be seen that
the west end of Lake Erie is blocked up with islands,
and that a series of these islands stretches northward
from Sandusky and forms a barrier which must have
offered serious opposition to the westward movement
of the glacier. The effect of this ridge thrown
across the lake basin and struck obliquely by the
moving ice mass, was to deflect that slightly to the
south, and to cause it to cut the deep notch in the
lake shore at the mouth of the Huron. The excava-
tion of this point was also facilitated by the compar-
ative softness of the Huron shale which underlies this
portion of the county.

The drift deposits which overlie the glaciated sur-
face in most parts of the State have been removed
from the greater part of Erie county. The bowlder
clay is, however, found covering the rock surface
in the southern part of the county. This is, as
usual, a blue, or where exposed and its iron oxyd-
ized, reddish-yellow, unstratified clay, thickly set with
angular fragments of shale taken from the lake basin.
With these are more or fewer, generally small, bowl-
ders, usually ground and striated, derived from the
crystalline rocks north of the lakes. In this part of
the county are also found beds of sand and the lake
ridges which rest upon the bowlder clay. These latter
deposits are evidently the effect of shore waves, and
are in fact old beaches formed when the lake stood
much higher than it now does. A good illustration
of the mode of deposition of such sand banks and
ridges is seen on the lake shore between Cedar Point
and Huron. Here the mouth of Sandusky bay is
partially closed by a ridge thrown up by the waves
which will ultimately dike out the lake from and
reclaim a large area formerly covered by navigable
water. Between the ridges and sand hills which
stretch east and west, north of Front's station, is a

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

surface, level to the eye, foi-med by a fine black soil
which covers the limestone here, ijresenting a remark-
ably level surface and nowhere deeply buried. This
district was originally prairie, with islands of timber,
and has proved the most fertile and productive portion
of the county. We have here a broad surface of lime,
stone planed down nearly as level as a house floor.
This was doubtless once covered with drift cla}', but
has been removed by the waves of the lake when
they swept over it. Subsequently, when the water of
the lake had been withdrawn, this tract was left in a
condition similar to that of the upper end of Sandus-
ky bay, or to that of the space behind the barrier east
of the city, viz: covered with shallow, quiet water,
which was gradually replaced by a fine sediment,
mixed with the remains of the luxuriant vegetation
that grew there. The result was a sheet of remark-
ably fine, rich soil, having all the characteristics of
the prairie soils of the west, and, like them, covered
with a growth of grass rather than trees. In future
ages, when Lake Erie shall be furtlier drained, wliat
is now Sandusky bay will undoubtedly present nearly
the same -appearance as the district under considera-
tion.

CASTALIA SPRIXGS.

The phenomena presented by Castalia springs have
excited considerable curiosity and interest, both on
the part of the residents of the county and of visitors
from other States, and deserve a few words of descrip-
tion and explanation. As is known to most persons'
at Castalia a volume of water which forms quite a
river, flows u]) from several deep orifices in the lime-
stone rock, and supplies in its descent to the lake the
motive power for several mills. The water maintains
nearly the same temperature winter and summer, and
its flow is more uniform than that of surface streams
in the vicinity, though sensibly affected by periods of
unusual and wide-spread drought. The water of the
springs is highly charged with lime, rapidly incrusting
any object covered by it, and it has deposited a sheet
of travertine over an area of several square miles in
the vicinity. The rock in which the subterranean
channels are excavated, through which the waters of
the springs flow, is the water lime, the uppermost
meiubers of the silurian system. This is a magnesian
limestone, in fact, a typical dolomite, containing
about fort3'-two per cent of magnesia and fifty-five of
carbonate of lime. This rock forms on the surface an
unbroken sheet, reaching from Castalia to Logan
county, the highest land in the State. The true
theory of the formation of these springs is simply
this: the Helderberg limestone, like many others, is
soluble in atmospheric water containing carbonic acid.
It forms the slope of the water-shed, and the drainage
of the country south from Castalia, jiassing over and
through it, has dissolved out a connecting system of
channels which are really subterranean rivers. Casta-
lia springs are formed at the mouths of one of these.
Similar springs and undergound streams are met with

in all limestone countries. The table land of central
Kentucky affords innumerable examples of them.
This plateau is underlain by a thick mass of unusually
soluble limestone. The surface water dissolves it
away so easily that it dissolves every crack it pene-
trates, and has formed a connected S3'stem of under-
ground channels by which all the drainage of the
country is effected. The celebrated Mammoth Cave
is only one of these channels. Along the margin of
this plateau there are a great number of fountains
like Castalia springs, which mark the mouths of the
subterranean streams that have been described. Such
fountains are also common in other countries, and
the classical Clitumnus bursts out at tlie foot of a
limestone mountain, forming a fountain precisely like
that of Castalia.

GEOLOGICAL .STRfCTrRE.

The section of the rocks underlying Erie county
is, in descending order, as follow's:

First, Berea grit BO £eet.

Second, Bedford shale 75 feet

Third, Cleveland shale 50 to 60 feet!

Fourth, Erie shale; 50 (?) feet.

Fifth, Huron shale .300 feet.

Sixth, Hamilton limestone 20 feet.

Seventh, Corniferous limestone 100 (?) feet.

Eighth, Oriskany limestone 0—5 feet.

Ninth, Water lime group 100 (?) feet.

Tenth, Onondaga salt group ' 30 to 40 feet.

In the oil well, bored at the mouth of the Vermillion
river, the Niagara limestone, the Clinton group, and
Medina sandstone were penetrated, but they nowhere
come to the surface, within the limits of the county.
Of tlie foregoing strata, the first, the sandstone quar-
ried at Amherst and Brownhelm, of which the out-
crop crosses the east line of the county, within loss
than a half mile of the lake shore; thence it sweeps
round to the south and west, passing through Berliu-
ville, and a little east of Norwalk, in Huron county.
Within the area lying to the south and east of this
line, the Berea grit underlies most of the surface, but
it is very generally covered by the drift materials; and
it is only where its more compact and massive portions
have resisted the action of erosive agents, and these
have been left in relief, that it projects above the sur-
face. The hills in which the Amherst and Brown-
helm quarries are located, and the elevation known
as Berlin Heights, are all masses of this character.
They were once bluffs upon the shore of the lake, and
everywhere show marks of the action of water and
ice. Along the outcrop of the Berea grit, its softer
portions have undoubtedly been most extensively
eroded, and are now deeply covered by drift dejiosits,
so that probably little of this portion of the area it
occupies will furnish valuable quarries of building
stone; but as the surface rises, and the rocks dip to-
ward the south and east, it soon passes below the
surface, and there is every probability that within
the townships of Berlin, Florence, and Vermillion,
the Berea grit will hereafter be quarried in many
localities, precisely as it now is at Berea.

HISTORY OF HURON AND P:RIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

BEDFORD SHALE.

Below the Berea sandstone is a bed of shale, forty
to sixty feet in thickness, which is sometimes blue, or
banded in color, but more generally red. This red
shale is conspicuously shown in the valley of the Ver-
million, and is exposed at many places in this section
of the State, immediately underlying the Berea sand-
stone: it may, therefore, serve as an important guide
to those who are seeking for the excellent quarry stone
furnished by that formation.

Neither the Berea sandstone, nor the red shale,
have, ill Erie county, furnished any fossils; but at
Elyria, Lorain county, and at Berea and Bedford,
Cuyahoga county, a large number of remains of mol-
lusks and fishes have been taken from these strata.

CLEVELAND SHALE.

Under the red shale in the banks of the Vermillion,
occurs a black, bituminous shale, sixty or more feet
in thickness. This is a constant member of the Wa-
yerly or lower carboniferous group, and forms the base
of that series. It is is unusually well exposed in the
vicinity of Cleveland, and I have therefore called it,
for convenience sake, "the Cleveland shale." In its
lithological character, this shale is hardly to be dis-
tinguished from the great black shale (the Huron
shale), which is a member of the Devonian system,
and whicli here lies only a little below. Further east,
however, they are separated by an interval of several
hundred feet, and the fossils which they contain are
widely different. In the Cleveland shale are bones,
scales, and spines of fishes of small size, and of car-
boniferous types. In the Huron shale, on the con-
trary, we find the remains of fishes of enormous size,
of most peculiar structure, and such as clearly belong
to the old red sandstone fauna, so fully described by
Hugh Miller.

ERIE SHALE.

The lake shore from the Pennsylvania line to Erie
county is, for the most part, formed by a series of
green and blue shales, vvliich represent the Chemung
and Portage rocks of New York, and belong to the
Devonian formation. These shales thin out rapidly
westward, and seem to be recognizable beyond the
point under consideration. In tlie valley of the Cuya-
hoga they are exposed to the depth of one hundred
and forty feet, and have there yielded the most
characteristic fossils of the Chemung.

The upper layers of the Huron shale are inter-
stratified with the lower ones of the Erie in the
northeastern portion of the State, as we learn by bor-
ings made at Cleveland and further east. ■ Some
traces of this interlocking may be seen at Monroe-
ville, where the well sunk at the railroad station cuts
some blue as well as black shales. South of this
point, however, the Erie shale has not been recog-
nized, and it probably reaches but ;i little way back
from the lake shore.

HVROX SHALE.

This is the name we have given to the great mass
of black shale designated by the first geological board
as "the black slate," and of which the outcrop forms
a belt which extends entirely across the State, from
Erie to Scioto county. This is the shale which forms
the banks of the Huron river at Monroeville and below.
It is not here a homogeneous black shale, as there
are some gray, argillaceous layers iuterstratified with
the more carbonaceous portions. The greater part of
it is, however, black, and highly bituminous, con-
taining ten per cent, or more of combustible matter.
From this bitumen, by slow spontaneous distillation?
petroleum is evolved, and flows out in oil springs at
a great number of localities. The process of distilla-
tion also gives rise to the gaseous hydro-carbons, and
gas springs are even more abundant than oil springs
over the outcrop of this formation.

The Huron shale in some places contains many
concretions of impure limestone, of Avhich hundreds
may be seen at Monroeville, where they have washed
out of the river banks. These concretions are some-
times almost absolutely spherical; .and because of
their geometric regularity, they have been collected
as objects of curiosity by the inhabitants of the
vicinity, often serving as ornamental caps to gate
posts, etc. Some of these concretions contain the
bones or teeth of huge fishes, first discovered in the
same formation at Delaware by Mr. Hertzer, and
from its formidable character, called Dinichthys,
(terrible fish).

Two species of this genus have been found in Ohio
— one at Delaware, near the base of the Huron shale,
and named after its discoverer, Dinichthys Hertzeri;
the other from the summit of the formation in Shef-
field, Lorain county, and this I have named Dinich-
tliys Terrilli, to commemorate the service rendered
to science by Mr. Jay Terrell, to whose zeal and
intelligence we owe all the best specimens yet ob-
tained. Both these remarkable fishes will be found
described in the palaeontological portion of this re-
port. Numerous fragments of the great bones of
Dinichthys have been broken out of the concretions
which have fallen from the shale banks of Huron
river, but the specimens yet obtained from these are
too imperfect to show to which species they belong.
Little effort has been made to collect at this point, and
it is probable that careful search would be rewarded
by the discovery of some specimens of great interest.

As nearly as we can determine, the thickness of
the Huron shale in this part of the State is about
three hundred feet.

HAMILTON KROIP.

At Prout's station and Deeji cut, on the Sandusky,
Mansfield and Newark railroad, tliebase of the Huron
shale is exposed, and beneath it are seen layers of
light, cherty, and bluish, marly limestone, which are
the representatives of the Hamilton group of New

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

York. Here the formation has become insignificant
in dimensions, compared with wliat it is furtlier east;
wliere it is not more than twenty feet in thickness,
wliile in Central New York the Hamilton group is
twelve hundred feet thick. There is no mistaking the
e(|uivalence of these strata, however, for they are full
of fossils. At Front's station the following sjiecies
are found, viz: Spirifera mucroi'.ata, Cijrtia, Hatn-
Ufotieiisis, Straphodonta demissa, Athyrus .yjiri/e-
roides, HeliophijUuin Halll, Phacops, bufo, etc., etc.,
the most characteristic fossils of the Hamilton.
From the softness of the Hamilton limestone in Erie
connty, as well as from its inconsiderable dimen-
sions, it forms no well marked line of ontciop,
but it will often be detected in sections which include
the base of the Huron shale and the top of the cornif-
erous limestone. It may be said to underlie a very
narrow belt of territory, extending southwesterly
from the lake shore, at a point half way between
Sandusky and Huron, to the Lake Shorw railroad,
midway between Monroeville and Bellevne.

CORXIFEKOrS LIMESTONE.

The most interesting, and perhaps the most impor-
tant formation in Erie county is the corniferous lime-
stone. This is the rock underlying Sandusky city,
that which forms Marblehead, Kelly's Island, Middle
Island, etc., the source from which the greater part
of the lime used in northern Ohio is derived, and a
rock scarcely less extensively employed as a building
stone than the Berea grit. The upper portion of the
corniferous limestone is blue in color, and lies in tliin
strata. It is this subdivision of the formation that
is opened in the quarriea at Sandusky, and which
furnishes the blue limestone known as the "San-
dusky stone," and largely used for building, paving,
and flagging at Sandusky and elsewhere. The lower
portion is light colored, and much more massive, and is
that quarried at Kelly's Island and Marblehead. The
fossils of the corniferous limestone are exceedingly
numerous and of great interest. Like most other
limestones this has been derived from the decomposi-
tion of organic structures, and in many places it is
almost altogether made up of corals and shells. In
chemical composition it is a magnesian limestone,
containing- twenty per cent, or more of magnesia.
This peculiarity has been quoted as objectionable in
its adaptation to the manufacture of lime; but, on
the contrary, it is benefited by this ingredient, the
magnesia making it slower in setting, "less hot," as
masons say, and therefore much more manageable.

The fossil fishes of the corniferous limestone have
attracted more or less attention from geologists for
many years. ■ They are now chiefly obtained from the
quarries on Kelly's Island and Marblehead, in the
lower corniferous limestone; and those of Sandusky
and Delaware, from the upper member, or Sandusky
limestone.

Of Macropetalichthijs, the <jnly portion yet found is
tlie cranium. This is com]K)sed of a number of geo-

metrical plates of which the external surface is beau-
tifully tubercled. It is known to most of the quarry-
men, and by them it is generally regarded as the car-
apace of turtle. It is, however, in fact, the cranium
of a large fish, as any one will plainly see who will
take the trouble to compare with it the cranium of
our common sturgeon.

Onychodus was an e<|ually large fish, of whicli the
cranial bones were much more numerous and easily
separated, so that they are generally found detached
and scattered through the rock. The jaws of this
fish are not unfrequently met with. Tiiey are a foot
or more in length, and are studded with teeth along
the upper margin. The most singular feature in the
structure of this fish is formed by a crest of seven
large, curved, pointed teeth, which, attached to an
arch of bone, were inserted between the extremities
of the under jaw, apparently acting like the prow of
a ram.

OKISKANY SAXnsTOXE.

Beneath the corniferous limestone, on the penin-
sula, and near Castalia, a thin band of limestone is
visible. This holds the position of the Oriskany
sandstone in New York, and though it has here
yielded no Oriskany fossils, they are said to have
been obtained from it in Indiana; and there is little
doubt, therefore, that it should be regarded as the
equivalent of the Oriskany sandstone.

WATER LIX'E.

The upper portion of the Silurian system is, in
Ohio, represented by the water lime and Salina form-
ations. Of these, the water lime is the uppermost
and by far the most conspicuous. It underlies a
larger portion of Ohio than any other formation ex-
cept the coal measures. It composes all of Catawba
island, Put-in-Bay, and the other islands of that
group. Erie county just reaches the edge of the
water lime area, and, as has been mentioned, it is in
this rock that the subterranean channel has been
excavated through which flows the stream of water
that forms Castalia springs.

SALIXA ftROUP.

The water lime is immediately underlain by a
series of calcareous shales and beds of gypsum,
which apparently represent the Onondaga salt group
of New Y^ork. The gypsum quarries worked by Mr.
George A. Marsh, on Sandusky bay, lie within the
limits of Ottawa county, and the same formation
extends under Sandusky, where it has been reached
in boring wells for oil — at too great a depth, how-
ever, to be profitably worked. These beds of gyp-
sum also form the jpottom of the lake off the point of
Put-in-Bay island, so that they apparently underlie ii
large area in this vicinity. They deserve to be care-
fully sought for, as they may be found in localities
where they will be readily accessible. From the con-
tinuity of the surface clays, this exploration, how-
ever, can only be effected by boring. The gypsuni of

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Sandusk}' is of excellent quality, and the quantity is
apparently inexhaustible. About ten thousand tons
per annum are produced at the (|uarries of Mr.
Marsh.

BriLDIX(i STOXE.

No portion of the State is more abundantly sup-
])lied with excellent building materials than that
immediately about Saudusky. The Amherst sand-
stone, which is known, and I can almost say used,
all over the United States, reaches into Erie county,
and, though not }-et quarried there to any consid-
erable extent may, perhaps, become hereafter an im-
portant contributor to the wealth of the inhabitants.

The Sandusky limestone is also highly prized as a
building material, and its capability of supplj-ing
suitable stone for large and handsome structures is
illustrated in the splendid high-school building and
various other edifices at Sandusky, as well as
churches, stores and residences at Toledo, Cleve-
land, etc.

The quarries o'f the corniferous at Marblehead and
Kelly's Island, are in Ottawa county, but the strata
worked there underlie all of Erie county, and may
be reached at various points with little trouble. The
same beds of the corniferous furnish quick lime not
inferior to any manufactured in the State, so that
lime may be specified as one of the important mineral
staples of the county.

OIL SHALES.

The carbonaceous matter contained in the Huron
shale is equivalent in heating power to that of a thick
seam of coal, but up to the present time we have not
discovered any mode of making that source of power
available, except by distilling oil or gas from it. Both
these useful substances are constantly being evolved
from this great carbonaceous mass by spontaneous
distillation, and it is possible that they may be here-
after, when the supply of petroleum from wells has
failed, artificially generated from this source so
cheaply as to pay a profit to the manufacturers. It is
also worth rememl)ering that further east along the
lake shore, as at Erie, Pennsylvania, and Fredonia,
New York, the spontaneous flow of carbureted
hydrogen gas from the Huron shale has been exten-
sively utilized. Fredonia was for many years exclu-
sively, and still is partially lighted by natural gas,
and at Erie, wells sunk for the purpose, are supplying
combustible gas, which is being successfully applied to
the heating and lighting of residences and manu-
facturing establishments.

The gypsum and hydraulic lime of the water lime
and Salina groups should, perhaps, be enumerated
among the material mineral resources of Erie county,
as, though not found upon the surface, they lie not
far below. The (piantity and accessibility of these
materials are, however, yet so much in doubt that no
.IMP would be justified in anticipating a great increase
in tbi- wealth of the county from this source.

CHAPTER VIII.

THE PREHISTORIC FIRE-LANDS.

No PERIOD of history i.« more fascinating to the
student than the period in which history has not
begun. In the study of ascertained and chronicled
facts there is not much scope for the workings of
fancy; but the imagination may run riot amid the
wildest conjectures as to times of which no records
tell. There may be poetry and romance based ui)on
the sober realities of historic eras, but the myths and
traditions of every land, belonging to ages before its
history began, are not based upon, but are themselves,
poetry and romance.

This chapter is to treat of the Fire-lands before the
days of the i)ioneers. It is not to chronicle events,
but, rather, to grope in the darkness of forgotten
times, and attempt to gather up such broken threads
of knowledge as have not been utterly lost, that they
may be woven into some semblance of reality. It is
to search and inquire, rather than to teach.

The ages embraced in the term, "jH-ehistoric times,"
have an end but no beginning.

Who, if any human beings, inhabited the Fire-
lands befoi-e that mysterious people, the Mound-
Builders, began to rear their strange structures along
our river terraces, we have no means of knowing.
All before their era is an absolute blank, m which we
find no myth, nor tradition, nor moldering ruin, to
aid us in our efforts to obtain some knowledge of
the remotest past.

THE MOrXD-lU'ILDERS,

Our name for tlie people who wrote in our soil the
fact of their existence, but left us no other records.
We may know some of their habits of life, we may
know that they mined copper about Lake Su]>erior
and mica in the Alleghanies: that they trafficked in
the markets of the southwest and brought shells from
the Gulf of Mexico; but their memorable events of
war and peace, the names of their statesmen and
philosophers, warriors and poets, have been utterly
forgotten, and no man knows to-day whether or not
any remnant of tiie great race remains on the earth.

In all the valleys of the Mississippi and its tribu-
taries, their works remain in abundance to testify of
the mysterious workers. Of the origin of these works
the Indians knew nothing. Their traditions did not
reach back so far.

Accustomed as we have been to the thought of
primeval forests in all this region, thinly inhabited
by nomadic tribes of savages, disputing the title to
the soil with the fierce panther and the howling wolf,
we can hardly realize that, ages ago, a dense agricul-
tural population filled all our borders, cultivating
their farms, building substantial dwellings and lofty
temples, establishing governments and enacting laws,
holding commercial relations with different jiarts of
the continent.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

The erection of the tlionsands of artiticiul inouiids,
terraces and earthwork enclosures which still remain,
with all the other vast works which must have been
obliterated by "the waves and weathers of time,"
could only have been possible in a land like Mesopo-
tamia or Egypt, of great agricultural resources.
Where tliere were so many toiling hands, there were
many mouths to be fed, and to supply the enormous
demand there must have been other workers, pro-
ducers, tillers of the soil.

Maples and beeches, tough hickoi'ies and giant oaks,
"the green-robed senators of mighty woods," did not
always darken the face of Ohio as in the days of the
Indian hunters; but long, long before the red men
had found their way to the fertile Fire-lands, grain,
golden as the sunlight which ripened it, was waving
over myriads of these our fields. Where there was
grain, there were granaries, and where the builders
of the terraced mounds toiled day by day, there were
buying and selling, and there were a hundred trades
and employments which men have ever found the
inevitable concomitants of civilized society.

The character of the earthworks in this region evi-
dences the fact that the Fire-lands are on the northern
frontiers of the ancient emjjire. Nearly all the works
along our river banks in northern Ohio are manifestly
defensive fortifications, with external facite, as in
modern works of like character; and north of the
lakes there are no such pyramidal foundations, for
now lost structures, as abound in the central part of
the United States. Traveling southward from the
lakes, one finds mysterious ruins growing in number
and magnitude, until they are merged in the wealth
of monumental remains, shadowed by the tropical
forests of Central America.

Fascinating as is the study of these relics of an
ancient empire, this chapter has space but to deal with
those which belonged to this one of its outlying prov-
inces. We shall not find on the Fire-lands such great
pyramidal mounds as those of southern Ohio, West
Virginia, and Illinois; nor shall we marvel at such
monolithic images and carven tablets as abound in
Yucatan and Guatamala. We shall, however, find
unmistakable evidences that the same race which left
these records of an extinct civilization, had out-posts
along the river banks which are most familiar to us.

The works upon the Fire-lands were, for the most
part, circular fortifications on the highlands over-
looking the river banks, some of them enclosing smal]
mounds supposed to have been burial places. These
works have been almost obliterated by continual culti-
vation during the past half century; but we are fortu-
nate in the fact that some of the observing pioneers
who came and saw them before the leveling plowshare
had crossed and recrossed them year after year, have
put upon paper their rementbrances of them.

By such means we are informed that the Mound-
Builders are believed to have left their traces in at
least the townships of M.irgaretta, Vermillion, Berlin,
Huron, Milan, Ridgefield, Norwalk, New Haven and

Norwich. The works which, in tiie early part of tlie
century, remained in the localities which have become
the townships above named, are briefly described as
follows:

The township of Margarettta had, when first set-
tled, a number of fortifications and'mounds, some of
the latter quite large and constructed of stone.

In Vermillion there were two extensive fortifica-
tions on the banks of the river of the same name, and
another in the southern part of the township. There
were, in the same township, a number of mounds in
in which human skeletons and scattered bones were
found.

In Berlin, in the western part of the township,
there was a mound covering a (|uarter of an acre, with
large trees growing upon it. Near the center of the
township, on the fai-m formerly owned by the late
Lewis Osborn, was another mound, and in the nortJi-
errt part of the township, a fortification.

In Huron township, mounds were found on the
highlands on both sides of the river. Two of these
mounds on the west side of the river and about two
miles from its mouth, were quite large and nearly
ronnd. Human bones and "beads of different colors''
were found in them.

In Milan, the pioneers describe "three forts," one
in the first section, one in the second and one in the
fourth. Their embankments, when first seen by the
whites, were from two to four feet high. At differ-
ent places in the township other earthworks were
found, and in some of them human bones and imple-
ments of stone and clay.

In Ridgefield township, Huron county, circular for-
tifications were found in lot two and lot three of the
first section, and a small mound containing human
bones, in lot eighteen of the second section. The
fortifications are on high banks of branches of the
Huron river.

In Norwalk there were tlii-ee fortifications near the
Ridgefield line, and crossing it, on the farm now
owned by Isaac Underbill. That gentleman has pre-
served reminiscences of his plowing, when a boy,
through the dry and brittle bones of the men of whom
these works are the monuments.

In the western part of New Haven township was a
circular fortification with large trees growing on its
embankments when first discovered.

Except a few "conical mounds" said to haye been
found in Norwich, in the southeast part of the town-
ship, no record, so far as we know, has been preserved
of any other traces left by the Mound-Builders on the
soil of the Fire-lands.

It may be. indeed, that not all the remains which
have been mentioned, belong properly to the age of
the Mound-Builders, for the pioneers were not always
careful to discriminate between the works of that
ancient race and those of the later inhabitants of
these lands, the Indians. But at least this may be
said with confidence, that some, if not all, these
works were wrought by the hands of that mysterious

i1 1233^0

HISTOKY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

people, whose origin, character and history have been
a pregnant tlieme for many a flelver in the world's
antifjuities.

It is not tlie province of this local history to enter
into extended inquiries of this kind. The evidences
are many of the' great antiquity of the remains, and
the fact is- no less clearly proven tliat the men who
erected them were much higher than the red men in
the scale of civilization. Whether they came of the
Mongolian stock, were a remnant of the "lost tribes
of Israel," or belonged to an original family unknown
to the old world, we shall not stop here to investigate.
It is enough to say that long ago, ])crhaps many
ages before the coming of the Indians, the Mound-
Builders vanished from the Fire-lands, leaving behind
them neither tradition nor historv.

When and whence came tlie red men to the Fire-
lands, no research will now inform us. It seems
most i)robable that they were of Asiatic origin and
drifted across the country from the northwest, but
the matter is one of conjecture, and it is not the pro-
vince of this work to discuss the arguments in favor
of any particular hypothesis.

Whenever they came and whatever their origin,
they found here, on the southern shoie of Lake Erie,
green and fertile lands, drained by the waters of the
Sandusky, the Huron and the \'ermillion.

These were prairie and wood land, well ^yateredand
abounding in game. It would have been strange if
no wandering tribes of red men, whose highest idea
of happiness was embodied in a paradise of well-
stocked hunting grounds, should not have lingered
along the river banks, where, even in the days of the
pioneers the feathered arrow of the Indian seldom
searched vainly for a victim.

It is interesting to note that here, in one group of
counties, by that process of language-petrifaction,
which has left upon our lakes and rivers. States and
territories, the names which were familiar and ex-
pressive words to the tribes of people whose graves
are all over the Fire-lands, we have six Indian titles:
Erie, Samb/ski/ and Ottawa, Huron, Seneca and
Wyandot.

All these but one were tribal designations; but not
all the tribes whose names have been so perpetuated
had any habitation on the Fire-lands at the coming of
tlie pioneers. Oftawas, Hurons or Wyandots, and
Senecas, there were in the first years of this century;
but hmg Itefore that, naught but a memory remained
of tlie Erics, that proud, tierce tribe, whose war with
the Five Nations of New York forms one of the most
interesting traditions of prehistoric America.

The Eries, it is said, dreaded the combination of
five such tribes as, united, made up the Iroquois Five
Nations. They endeavored to crush the confederacy
in Its inception, but were themselves defeated witii
terrible slaughter, between Canandaigua lake and the
(iciieseo river. They retired to the far west, but \

tradition says that many years later a war party of
their descendants returned from beyond the Missis-
sippi and attacked the Senecas, who had settled upon
the fatherland of the Eries; l)ut the result was ;i
second crushing defeat, and the anniliilation of the
Erie race, unless a remnant was left to mingle witli
other tribes in the west.

As long ago as the middle of tiiu seventeenth cen-
tury the Eries probably occupied northern Ohio,
along the shores of Lake Erie, and the famous i)ic-
tured rocks on Kelley's Island, have been supposed
by Shingwauk, the Little Pine, an Indian archa;olo-
gist, to refer to the wars'of this lost nation.

After tlie destruction of the Eries the greater part
of northern Ohio seems to have been never so mucli
the jieculiar territory of any one nation as the com-
mon hunting ground of many.

As white settlements' increased along the Atlantic
coast, and the natives were crowded toward the set-
ting sun, tribes and remnants of tribes whose homes
had been in the east, wandered into Ohio and lingered
there, until the advancing army of civilization pressed
them still further toward their ultimate destiny.

It is for this reason that in the chronicles of the
pioneers we find mention of so many diverse tribes.
They were sojourners, most of them, rather than
permanent dwellers on the Fire-lands. The land
may have seeiricd almost as strange to tliem as to the
white settlers.

On the pages of the Pioneer, the magazine of the
Fire-lands Historical Socuety, the earliest of these
white settlers have recorded these names of tribes
represented here during the first years of the nine-
teenth century. Of the. Algonquin family, the
Miamis or 3hniviees, the Tawas or Ottaicas, the .
Chippewas or Ojibways, the Delatvares, S/iaw/iees
and Potawatomies; and of the Huron-Iroquois fam-
ily, the Wyandots, or Hurons proper, and the Senecas.
Of these tribes, that of the Wyandots is perhaps
oftenest mentioned by the pioneers. The people of
this tribe lived for the most part along the Sandusky
river for many years after the town and villages of
the pale faces had s)n-ung up all over the Fire-lands.
The Wyandots and, If ui-ons were the same people,
the latter name lieing the one bestowed upon them
by the French.

In the years when the Iroqvois were waging their
relentless wars against the Eries, the Wyandots lived
on the Canada side of the lakes, although their hunt-
ing excursions seem, sometimes, to have reached the
regions about tlie inoutli of tiie Miami and that of the
Sandusky.

They also became involved in war with the power-
ful Iroquois, and, as in the case of the Eries. the
Wyandots were, as a nation, almost exterminated l)y
the seemingly invincible 'confederacy of New York.
But in later days, after the Eries had ceased to be
known in Ohio, and the strife with the Five Nations
had ended, remnants of the Wya>idots hunted and
planted corn along tiie valley of the Sandusky.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

There was preserved aijioug them a tradition of their
migration across tlie lakes, impelled by a great fam-
ine to search for new hunting grounds. They built
their "big fire'' or chief town at Upper Sandusky,
and a map, ]nxblished in 1755, shows the location of
others of their villages along the river. These settle-
ments floiu-islied, and the Wyandota became, after
the lapse of years, the most powerful tribe in this
region. Tiiere is frequent mention lu the chronicles
of the pioneers on the Fire-lauds, of parties of these
Sandusky river Wyandots who crossed the Fire-lands
in search of game.

In smaller numbers on the Fire-lands were the Sen-
eccis, a remnant of the once powerful nation, which,
with the other tribes of the Iroquois confederacy, a
century and a half before, had crushed the Wyan-
dots and the Eries. The white settlements had be-
come numerous through the territory where the Five
Nafions had held dominion. The star of the Senecas
was waning. They had no longer the leadership of
such chieftains as Red Jacket, the warrior-orator,
and, driven by the dominant Caucasian race, they
were drifting slowly across the country towards the
great plains of the west.

Besides these two representatives of the Huron-
Iroqnois family, there were no others on the Fire-
lands in the days of the pioneers.

The Algonquin^, however, were here, not in such
numbers of individuals probably, but more numer-
ously represented in names of tribes. Among these
we note the Delawares, the Ttenappi or Lenni-Lenafe,
as they called themselves, who dwelt along the banks
of the Huron river, the most of them in Milan town-
ship. With them were mingled the Ottawas or
" T(iw-'s," as many of the white settlers called them.
The one people had come from the east, where, for
years, they had lived among the other Algonquin
tribes of the Atlantic coast; the other had come from
the northwest, and, in perfect peace, they had united
their fortunes in the pleasant valley of the Huron.
Upon the picturesque site of the town of Milan they
built their village, Pequotting, and there and in that
vicinity, even after the coming of the pale faces, they
hunted and fished, and raised corn on the fertile river
flats.

We believe that it was these Delaicares and Ottnivas
of Pequotting who were accustomed to make maple
sugar on the river bottom west of Norwalk, and
whose trail lay along tlie sand ridge where now is
Main street, the pleasant, maple-shaded avenue
which is the pride of the town.

The other Algonquin tribes, so far as is known,
had no fixed residence on or near the Fire-lands, but,
pursuant to their nomadic habits, they made occa-
sional visits to this section of the country. This was
particularly the case with the C/iijjpen'as, Miamis
and Potau'ttttomies. They were all inhabitants of
the country to the west and northwest. The Shciw-
nees were of soutiiern origin. They liad a tradition

that their ancestors came from some foreign land,
across the sea.

According to French accounts, the tribe of Chip-
peivas or Ojibways is worthy of more than a passing
notice. They are said to have been a powerful and
brave race, and their war with the Sioux, which was
waged for one hundred and eighty years after the
whites first knew them, and we know not for how
long before, is one of the memorable events of Indian
history, and is the surest proof of the indomitaljle
courage and haughty pride of both tribes.

The territory of the Chippewns was on both sides of
Lake Superior, at the head of which was their chief
town, Chegoimegon, where, it is said, they kept a
perpetual fire burning.

They were a tall, well formed race, and their lan-
guage was praised by the French as the court-language
of the aborigines.

Bands of Indians of all these tribes, hunted and
fished over most, and probably all, the townships of
the Fire-lands; but except Pequotting, they had no
village in either Erie caunty or Huron at the time of
the first white settlements.

Technically, the lives and characters, the manners
and customs of the Indians inhabiting the Fire-lands
after the first white settlements, can scarcely be said
to belong to the period of "prehistory." But one
can hardly write of the red men without letting his
pen cross the line on which history begins. We can
form no estimate of the lives of the inhabitants of
these woods before a white man's ax began to hew the
way for the march of civilization, without a study of
the characteristics described by the first white chron-
iclers, as belonging to the red men who remained
after those times.

Thus, even in naming and describing tribes, we
have trespassed upon the nineteenth century. We
shall find no instance of individual character recorded
at any earlier period.

So many years have now elapsed since the last red
man vanished from the Fire-lands, like a departing
ghost of a dead and buried past, that we can now but
dimly trace even the tribal distinctions and names of
these strange children of the woods. Few, indeed,
are the names, and faint the memories, of the individ-
ual warriors and chieftains which have come down to
us. But before they are all forever lost in the shad-
ows of the iiast, it should be the duty of the historian
to rescue and keep bright the names and fame of Sen-
eca John and Ogontz, the Ottawu, two noble repre-
tatives of the better class of Algonquin and Iroquois.

In those days the red men were in a transition
state. They had been savages, witii all the cruelty,
the bad passions, and the ignorance belonging to sav-
agery; but now, from their intercourse with the
whites, they were learning many of the mean vices
with a few of the virtues, of civilization. Tlie mis-
sionary and the trader were working side by side, but
not in harmony, and too often tlie good work of tlie

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

one was destroyei] by tlie liad work wruiiglit by tlie
other.

Ill sncli a jieriod, tlie characters of Joliii, the Sen-
ecu, and Ogoiitz, tlie Ottairu, stand out in bold and
pleasing relief. In the frefjiient mention of these two
chiefs by the early chroniclers of the Fire-lands, there
has been found no word of disparagement concerning
either of them.

The Seneca was accustomed to hunt in the southern
and western part of Huron county. The early set-
tlers of that region always gave him a cordial welcome,
and some of them have placed on record their appre-
ciation of his character. He could speak but little
English, but was always friendly to the settlers, and
was brave, honest, and trustworthy.

Ogontz was better known in the region of San-
dusky, which was one of his favorite resorts at certain
seasons of the year, for the purpose of fishing and
hunting, and that locality was for years known, by
reason of this fact, as " Ogontz place."

This chief is described as a man of stately form and
noble bearing, and, like Seneca John, he seems to
have been in character a nature's nobleman, while,
unlike John, he had received, at the hands of the
French, a high degree of culture.

The tragedy which ended the life of each of these
hunter and w-arrior chiefs, illustrates the sanguinary
character of their race. Seneca John was accused of
witchcraft, and having been condemned by his own
tribe, was unhesitatingly slain, — his own brother be-
ing the executioner. Ogontz, years before his death,
had killed, in self defense, a rival chief, and had
adopted the latter's son, who, even in his boyhood,
cherished a desire to avenge his father's death. The
boy grew up, and, when the opportunity offered, took
the life of the brave, kind Ogontz, who had been a
second father to him, better than the first.

These two men, John and Ogontz, the Seneca and
the Ottawa, the Jrocjuois and the Algonquin, are the
type of the aboriginal native of America, uncor-
rnpted by association with the white men. They
lived and died, the one an ignorant savage, the other
an educated gentleman, but both, by nature, proud,
noble and manly, the proof that the red man was not
always in his present state of miserable degradation.

Any view of Indian life and character is incom-
plete which fails to take in their surroundings. Be-
fore we can have vividly before ns the life of the red
man of tlie Fire-lands, we must reconstruct the Fire-
lands themselves as they were' a century ago. We
must clear away all the marks of civilization; we
must rear again the mighty woods, and let the
prairie grasses grow in the rankness and lu.xuriance
of nature; we must rescue from the overflowing
waves of the destroying lake, the fertile lands on
which they have encroached, and restore the marsh
land along the rivers to the tillable condition of the
past; we must sweep all the mill-dams from the
streams, and let the lake muscalonge and pickerel,
the lawful prey of the Indian, ascend to the farthest

limits of Huron county; we m-iist re-peojile the forests
with screaming panthers, bears and packs of howling
wolves; deer must abound and rattlesnakes must
crawl in the damp and gloomy woods.

Amid such surroundings as these the Indian war-
rior reared his family. His daily work was hunting
and trapping game, when he was not on the war
trail, seeking the scalps of his enemies. According
to Seneca John, the hunting grounds were, by agree-
ment, allotted among the tribes, and, doubtless, en-
croachments on one another's territory, and disputes
as to boundaries, were the fruitful causes of quarrels
and bloodshed.

In the autumn of every year the prairies were
burned over, that the abundant deer might be more
easily tracked and hunted over the bare and black-
ened soil.

While the young men were engaged in such pur-
suits, the other members of the tribes remained at
home. The old men, doubtless, smoked and dozed
away the hours; or, not unlike our pioneers, lived
over their youth in tales of daring deeds when their
eyes were keen and their arms strong. The half-
naked children played out of doors by themselves, or
importuned their grandfathers to make them bows
and arrows, or, may be, ever insatiable, begged to be
told innumerable stories, entirely after the manner of
juvenile palefaces, for children are children the world
over.

The squaws, meanwhile, tied up their little pap-
pooses in bark cradles, which they hung from the
limbs of trees, to be rocked by the passing wind — a
practice said to be the origin of our lullaby song,
"Rockaby, baby, on the tree top" — and, then,
meekly recognizing the existence of a "woman's
sphere " and their wifely duties to their lordly hus-
bands, which, as in civilized society, had been by the
latter circumscribed and defined for them, they duti-
fully brought the water, gathered the firewood and
hoed the corn, as it was the custom for even the
strongest-minded squaws to do; and, while they toiled
with sweating faces and aching backs, they longed for
the going down of the hot sun and the sight of their
returning braves, with venison-laden ponie§ or belts
full of reeking scalps.

But shall we infer from this slavery, into which
the fashion of the race forced women, that there was
no affection between husband and wife? At first
thought, one might almost so believe, but surely
there is under all the artificial manners and customs
of the world a substratum of human nature which
never varies. Let it not be doubted, then, that the
Indian husband and wife often loved one another
with an ;itfection not different from that of the
palest-faced Caucasians.

The Moravian missionary, Heckewelder, tells a
touching story illustrative of such tenderness on the
part of an Indian husband toward his wife. It was
in a time of famine, and a sick woman expressed a
longing for some Indian corn. There was none in

HISTOEY OF HURON AND EEIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

the region where they lived, but a trader had a small
quantity at Lower Sandusky, a hundred miles away.
Thither the woman's husband rode, and, having
traded his horse for a small quantity of the j^recious
grain, he returned on foot alone: the weary trail, car-
rying his precious purchase with him, that he might
gladden the heart of his loved wife.

The same human nature sometimes shone out in
the love of parents for their children. The red war-
i-ior was, on the surface, a stern and taciturn man,
and perhaps the little ones ofteuer looked up to him
with fear and awe than with any other emotion, but
there must have been something besides sternness in
the heart of that Wyandot of Upper Sandusky, who,
while on a hunting excursion east of Milan, lost a
child by death, and carried the body home in his
arms, that the little one might sleep in the grave of
its mother. By day and by night he carried his bur-
,den and his sorrow, alone in the lonely woods, until
he reached his dreary home. He was an Indian, and
would shed no tears; but every white father, who has
lost the first-born son of his pride and affection, can
understand the bitterness of the red man's sorrow.

It is a mystery, how, in this northern climate, the
Indians obtained the means of living through the
winter. Even those tribes who did not despise agri-
culture tilled the soil iu a superficial way, and often
had short crops. In such a season, their chief de-
pendence was on fish and game, and even these must
at times have failed them. It is easy to understand
that such famines as that which drove the Wyandots
south of the lake, according to their tradition, were
not an unfrequent occurrence. Pestilence, too, occa-
sionally swept the country, destroying whole tribes.
Ogontz has been spoken of as an Ottawa, but, iu
reality, according to his own statement, he was an
adopted son of tiiat tribe — his own parents having
died in such a pestilence while he was a child. Sam-
oset, the Wampunoaa, told to the New England colo-
nists the story of a great plague, which, a few years
before, had almost denuded the country of its inhab-
itants, and had left many tribes in a feeble and deso-
late condition.

The tongues and dialects spoken by the aboriginal
inhabitants of our country have been a fruitful field
for philologists. As the Algonquin tribes inhabited
that part of the Atlantic coast first settled by the
English, their language gave to the colonists several
words which have almost become a part of our Eng-
lish vocabulary. They are sucli words as "wigwam,"
"squaw," "wampum,'" "tomahawk," "sachem,"
etc. The words in the Indian vocabularies were few,
and it became often necessary for them to express
their ideas circuitously, by metaphors aiid other
figures, and by such combinations of words, as printed
in English books, have given many people the impres-
sion that the aboriginal languages were full of un-
pronouncable, ix>lysyllabic words.

Many of the Indian proper names were combina-
tions of expressive words descriptive of the localities

named. Thus the name Sandusky is a compound
and corrupted word, meaning, originally, "clear
water," or, more literally "water not concealing the
ground," or, as another has translated it, " water in
pools." Norwalk, which comes from the Connecticut
town of that name, is another compound word,
signifying "middle-land," or, like the Greek Meso-
potamia, "between the rivers." Erie signifies "wild
cat," ai appropriate title for one of the fiercest of
the native tribes.

Many English books have been translated into these
dialects and languages; grammars and dictionaries
have been written of the tongues of several of the
tribes, and comparative philologists have sought, by
means of verljal affinities, to trace the sources and
beginnings of the American races.

There is no subject connected with aboriginal
America having more of the interest of unsolved
mystery than this. As with most mysteries, if we
could lift the curtain which hides from us the genesis
of the people who inliabited the continent before us,
the subject would lose much of its fascination.

We have but glanced at the Fire-lands of pre-
historic times. A hundred things might still be
said, and yet the darkness which hides from our con-
ception the state of a country whose people wrote no
history, would not be changed to twilight. •

CHAPTER IX.

THE MORAVIAKT MISSIONS.

The sect known as Moravians originated in Bohe-
mia, and though always insignificant in point of num-
bers, and none of them remarkable for their wealth,
or position, or learning, they have never been lacking
in zeal or enthusiasm in extending their Master's king-
dom. Indeed, taking into account the fewness of their
numbers, it may be confidently asserted that no other
denomination of christians has done so much for the
missionary cause. Never excelling in ability or skill
in elucidating abstruse and difficult problems of belief,
they have sought not to make proselytes among tho.se
already well grounded in the cardinal doctrines of
christian faith, but to teach the elementary gospel
religion to those races and trilies wlm liad not yet ])een
converted to Christianity.

To the prosecution of this work they have freely
devoted their lives and fortunes, and no country has
l)eeii too remote, no shore too forbidding or inhospita-
ble to prevent their planting the banner of the cross,
and seeking to bring under its folds the most savage,
barbarous and degraded of mankind.

In 1732, while their numl>er was less than four hun-
dred, they began their missionary work, the first station
estal)lished being at St. Thomas, in the West Indies,
In lT4(i. they esral)lislH'd a mission among the Indians
at Hotlileliein. I'cunsvhania ; but as tiio Indians were

HISTORY OF HUBON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

being gnidually driven westwiird, a permanent loca-
tion was impossible. The efforts of the missionaries
never were successful in civilizing the Indians to the
degree that they could remain in contact with the
whites, without being corrupted and degi-aded. To
have any success they must keep in advance of the
wave of emigration. In 1768 a new location was
sought near Oil City, Pennsylvania, and in 1770 the
congi'egation removed to the Beaver river. After
remaining here for a year or more, they turned their
steps westward to the valley of the Tiiscarawas, near
New Philadelphia, Ohio.

Here, in this pleasant and fertile valley, they
thought themselves so far in the wilderness that they
might forever remain undisturbed. They built cab-
ins, cleared away the forests, tilled the soil, and wor-
shiped God in peace and happiness. Their numbers
increased by conversions fr<3m the Indians until the
settlement contained three villages named Schoen-
brunn, Gnadenhutten and Salem. But though exer-
cising only the arts of peace, keeping aloof fi-om war
and strife, and patiently submitting to wrong without
seeking to bestow punishment or gratify revenge, they
could not escape persecution and martyrdom.

They were distrasted by both the British and the
Americans. The former took steps to break up their
mission and bring the inhabitants to Detroit as pris-
oners. It was a sad blow to the peaceful Christians
to be forced to leave their homes and ungathered
crops, and, in a long journey through a pathless wil-
derness, suffer indignity, cruelty and untold hard-
ships. The following spi-ing (1782) a jwrtion of them
obtained permission to i-eturn to harvest their corn.
Arriving there, a terrible fate soon befell them. A
detachment of Americans came among them, and,
seizing a favorable opportunity, rushed upon the
defenceless Indians and slaughtered them in cold
blood. The details of the massacre are sickening and
horrible — it being one of the most unprovoked, cruel
and bloody deeds in the annals of border warfare.

Those that had remained at Detroit sought a home
in Canada, but, after staying a few years anting the
Chippewas, their hearts yearned for their old home on
the Tuscarawas, and, in 1780, they started on their
return.

Reaching a jxiint on the Cuyahoga, about ten miles
from Clevelaiiil (in Imk'iiendence townshij)). they re-
ceived intelligence that made them shrink from going
further. After remaining here for about a year, they
removed westward, and, in 1787, made a settlement
on the Fire-lands on the Huron river, about two miles
north of Milan, in Erie county. But the country was
still the scene of war and Ijloodshed, and. after re-
maining five or six years, they abandoned their settle-
ment, and again sought refuge in Canada, where tliey
fo-.inded a settlement on the river Thames.

In 1707, congress, mindful of their iiast wrongs.
m:ule grants to them of their old lands on the Tus-
carawas; a porti(m of tlicni returned, aiul the mission-
aries continued their labors. But the contact of the

whites interfered with their success, and some of them
returned to Canada, and others, among them Charles
Dencke, came to the Huron river and re-established
the mission. This was in 1804, and they remained
about five years, until the Fire-lands, having been sur-
veyed, the white settler began to claim the lands jjur-
chased from the Indians by the treaty of Fort Industry,
and they, the missionaries and their Indian adherents,
returned to Canada.

The mission village was called Pequotting, or Pay-
nothing, and consisted of a chapel, mission house, and
a score or more of cabins, some of which were after-
ward used by the white settlers. Here, as elsewhere,
the missionaries taught the Indians not only religion
but the rudiments of education, and, to a certain ex-
tent, were successful in inducing them to get their
food by cultivating the soil instead of by the chase, ta
live in cabins, and to leave off their paint and feathers
and clothe themselves in more civilized garb. ,

Their missionary, Charles Frederick Dencke, was
born in Iceland, his father being a missionary to that
country. Tradition states that he had a library which
filled a space of not less than ten feet in length by
six feet in height, and occujiying nearly one side of
his log-cabin at Pequotting. Surely, the man who
would take the pains to transport these books from
place to place under so many difficulties, could not
have been an ignorant or uncultivated man.

It is stated that David Zeisberger was here dui'ing
their first stay. For an account of this celebrated
missionary, and his co-laborers, Heckewelder, Post
and others, it is only necessary to refer the re.ider to
any authentic history of Ohio. They wei-e not the
heroes of battles, nor winners of renown in the noisy
strife of civic triumph. They cared not for the aji-
plause of men, but in a humble way, in an obscure
field, in years of lonely wandering, with a stnmg faith
that sustained them in many a trying hour, tliey
sought out the rude savage of the forest, and did what
they could to civilize and elevate him. Is it not best
that history spares them a jiage. and fame keej) their
names alive ?

CHAPTER X.

EAHLr SETTLEMENT.

The survey of tlie Fire-lands having been comjdeted
in 1808. and tlie Indian title having been extinguished,
many peo])le in the old ('minecticut began to think of
emigrating to the new. The names of the earlier set-
tlers, and the dates of their arrival, lU'c given with
more or less fullness in the histories of the different
townships. In some instances, it is difficult to obtain
accurate information, not only because of the vague-
ness of memory, and the imjjerfections of records, but
because it is somcAvhat difficult at this period to dis-
tinguish between the bona-Jlde settler and the mere
s(|uatter. This latter class were usually first upon the

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES. OHIO.

ground. It w;is raivlv ilirtienlt to .«efUR' tlit'ir reniovul
wlien desired. Civilized society and regular labor wei-e
an aversion to them. Tliey loved the excitement of
the chase and the independence of forest life, and the
advent of cultivated fields was in general the signal
for their disaiipearance. Here and there one remained,
living in a hand-to-mouth way, doing odd Jobs of chop-
l)ing, planting or husking for himself or others, but
always preferring to hunt or fish, and in hahits, tastes
and character being an intermediate link between the
Indian and the white man. Doubtless some of this
class are often put down as regular settlers, though the
classification of rights was not made until Novemlier
0. 1808.

The following carefully prejiared table shows the
date of settlement of the different townsiiips:

HUROX COrXTY.

Nonvalk-

]S10

1811

New Haven 1811

Townsend ... 1811

Ridgefield 1812

Sherman 1812

Bronson 1814

New London 1815

Peru 181S

Fairfield ..
Norwich. . .
Wakeman.
Clarksfield.
Greenwich
Hartland ,
Richmond.
Ripley

ERIE COIXTY.

Huron 1808 i Milan.

Vermillion 1808 ' Margan

Danbury (Ottawa County) ' "" i - - ■

1810

O.^ford 1810

Portland 1809 Florence 1811

Groton ISOSi Birmingham 1816

Berlin 1810 I Ruggles (Ashland County). .. .183-3

It will be seen that the first settlements were made
in Erie county. Indeed, some of these townshijis were
settled and cleared up while much of the south part
of Huron county was yet an almost unbroken wilder-
ness. The number of inhabitants in Milan township,
at the outbreak of the war of 1812, is stated by Mr.
Fowler to have been two hundred and twenty-five.

It will already have been noticed that a large ma-
jority of the settlers of the Fire-lands, like those of
otiler parts of the Western Reserve, were of Connecti-
cut birth. This gave for many years a fixed and
homogeneous character to tlie population, and, though
the old stock has given way to younger generations,
the old traits of character remain to a great extent
unchanged.

Here, then, in 18(.I9, or twenty-eight yeai's after the
burning of New London, and thirty-three years after
the incursion to Danbury, the sufferers could begin to
see the end, and to avail themselves to some extent of
the long-sought relief. But the proportion of the origi-
nal losers and sufferers, finally benefited, was small.
Death had thinned their ranks, another generation was
taking their place, and, of those still living, many of
them with hearts sickened by long-deferred hope, and
despairing of ever receiving anything, or, compelled by
the stress of poverty, had sold their rights for a pit-
tance. Others, vainly striving to raise the money to
})ay the taxes levied to meet the expenses of purcJiasing
the land of the Indians and surveying it, were unable
to do so, and their rights sold. At best, of those who
were able to retain their interests, but few would care
to remove to a distant wilderness, and so, in one way

and aiiotla-r. much of the smaller interests were ali-
sorlied by the larger, and if not, most of tiie Fiiv-lands
l»assed into the hands of comparatively a few indi-
viduals, who had the means to profit by the necessities
of those less favored by fortune. Indeed, there is but
little doubt but that, previous to the passage of the
grant, many of the rights had been bought up on
speculation for trifiing sums. It is certain that up to
that time immigrants were rapidly arriving. The war
of 1812 checked for a temporary period the infiux of
settlers. In fact, many of them aliandoned their im-
provements and fled t(3 a ])lace of safety, some of them
never returning.

It would be a difficult task to i)ictnre, to the mind
of the reader living in an age of railroads and tele-
graphs, the difficulties and hardships attending a jour-
ney from Connecticut to Ohio in the early part of the
present century. A distance that is now traversed in
twenty-four hours, required, then, a journey of weary
weeks and months. There was no means of instanta-
neous communication; even the turnpike and stage
coach were thought of only as among the possibilities
of the future. Indeed, at thi.~: )irc.<ent time, one can
traverse the globe, not only with greater (.-(mifort and
safety, but consume but a little more time than was
then necessary to ti-avel from Connecticut to the Fire-
lands. The boat poled up the Mohawk; the skiff
rowed along the shores of Lake Erie, scarce daring to
venture on its treacherous waters; the wagon drawn
by the slow plodding oxen through pathless forests, and
fording, as best they could, the bridgeless streams, —
these were the means of communication between the
east and the west in those days. Nor do they, upon
their arrival, find anything prepared for their comfort
ov their safety. Their lot is cast in the wilderness, and
toil, danger and privation must l)e their pcu'tion for
many years to come. The wild beast is yet in the for-
est, and the Indian still lingers on his old jninting
ground, generally peaceable, indeed. Iwt at times
spreading consternation along the Ijorder, and at best
an (jbject of suspicion and distrust. Many a night is
passed in terror, many a day in weary suspense. Stout
hearts grow weak, and not a few seek safety in removal
or flight. No wonder, then, that among tiie pioneers
of the Fire-lands were found so many men of strong
frames, robust health and indomitable will. The
fittest only could stand tlie journey and the subseijuent
life — the weak and puny must remain behind.

The damp woods and marshes were full of malari-
onti jioisons, and the strongest were not proof airainst
insidious fevers which sapi)ed their strength and laid
them low on beds of pain and deatii.

Did they never repme, and mourn for their old
homes and associations so far away, and curse the evil
iiour they were induced to leave them? It would be
strange if there were not those among them that did
so. But there was little time for the settler to spend
in vain regrets. He must work or starve. His long
journey from the east accomplished, he found himself
too late to raise any cro])s the first vear. For his food

i-i

HISTOliY OF IIUKON AND EIUE COUM'IE.S, OHIO.

he must ilqK'ud on wimt he had Iji-ought with him,
what he euukl i)nrohase of his neighbors, and hist, Init
1)V no means least, what he eould kill with his rifie.
He must huild a ealiin for the shelter of himself and
his faniily. inelosures to jiroteet his stoek from tiie
wolf and the liear: then, for years, with an exjierienee
only varied by a little j)lauting and caring for crops,
an occasional trip to the distant store or mill, year in
andj-earout, he mitst labor with hi.-s axe, felling the trees
which covered the land, one by one ; splitting some
into rails to fence his crops, but generally rolling them
together and burning. It is worth while to descri))e
his house-building, farming operations and mode of
life more in detail.

CHAPTER XI.

PIONEER TIMES.

A DESCRIPTION- of a pioneer log-caljin and of the
pioneer home-life, may not lie without its interest to
the reader of the present day.

The location of the cabin decided upon, the space
cleared away, and suitable timber having been selected,
felled, partially hewn, and cut into proper lengths, it
remained to "raise" the cabin. Word having been
given out, the settlers for miles around gathered to
their new neighbor's clearing, glad to lend a helping
hand. A man of experience in such matters was
selected as captain or leader; other expert men, axe in
hand, were posted at the corners to cut saddles or
notches in the logs that they might, lie more firmly
and closer together, tlie ends of the logs often over-
lapping and projecting for a foot or more. The logs
having been previously drawn to a convenient nearness
by oxen, to the major part of the company was assigned
the duty of conveying the logs to the intended struc-
ture ; sometimes the coml)ined strength of the party
sutticcd to lift theni up and carry them, but oftener
skids and handspikes were called into use; in either
case the work was done with a will scarce needing the
energetic tones and sharp commands constantly used
by the leader. Accidents were not uncommon; severe
strains often resulted from one man trying to out-do
another,, while sometimes a log slipped or fell, striking
a man down in its descent, and breaking his leg or
arm. The log-carriers were sometimes divided into
squads, or parties, each having a particular end to keep
up, and the resulting rivalry made the task a short
one, the building being rarely over a single story in
height. The cabin fairly raised, and the roof pole« put
in position, the remaining work of finishing the cabin
could be performed more leisurely without the help of
so many hands. The whisky to which they had re-
sorted for refreshment during their labors was drank
more freely than ever, and its stimulating effect began
to l)e visible im many of the company. Quiet men
gri'W loud and l)oisterous; modest men l)oastfnl ami iir-
royaii' : jieaceful, orderly men became (|iiarrelsoine

and \ indietive. and instances occurred wiiere the pleas-
ant party of the early day ended in a general row; but
it is simple justice to the early settler to say tiiat
the evil effects of whisky drinking were much more

to drink freely was the custom of the tinier, and such
a thing as total al)stinence almost unheard of. The
stimulus was rarely so potent as to lead them into
other exces.ses than rough sports and games and rivalry
in feats of strength and agility.

The roof .was made by.layijig small logs or saplings,
the tamarack being often used, which were placetl
lengthwise. These formed a sujiport for the shingles
or "shakes," as they were often called. These were
much longer than the shingles of later years, and,
when laid, about three feet was exposed to the
weather. They were generally rived or split out of
straight-grained, full-grown wljite-oak trees. Xails
being then almost unknown, and those few- forged by
hand, their use was out of the question, and the
shingles were secured by laying poles or logs to keep
them in position. The chimney was often comj)osed
of "cats and clay," the cats in question not being the
familiar household tabby, but small sticks split to a
regular size. The base was formed of stone, often
undressed bowlders, and on this superstructure the
chimney was built, generally outside, and at the end
of the cabin, the cats forming a frame work which
was heavily daubed and plastered with clay. As for
openings, the door usually was rived planks, unless-
the neighborhood was the happy possessor of a
•■thunder-gust" saw-mill. The hinges and latches
were made of wood. Glass was a luxury rarely met
with. Sometimes greased paper served as a substi-
tute, and the windows were small, the usually open
door being another medium for the admission of lighr.
Often, for months, the ground served for a floor, liut.
after a time, boards or "puncheons" were split out
for that purpose; they were hewed a little, conse-
quently they were never very smooth, often quite
shaky. Holes were bored in the logs and pegs driven
in, on which to hang the various articles of wearing
apparel and household use — a place to hang the ritle
not being forgotten. These pegs served as a support
for .shelves and even for lieds. But regular bedsteads,
cheap and common enough looking these days. wei'C
soon introduced, many settlers l.iringing them with
them from Connecticut, and. for the children.
"trundle-beds" were in common use. I'he caliin
generally consisted of but a single room. In tlie
warmer months much of the work of cooking. wa.~ii-
ing, etc., was performed outside, under the friendly
shade of .some convenient tree. At other times the
one room served the jiurpose of kitchen, dining-room,
parlor, closet and bed-room combined. The larger
boys generally slept in the garret, access being had by
a flight 6{ rude stairs or a ladder: and in the winter
sea.son the snow often found its Way between tin'
loo.sely placed shingles, so tliat in going to bed they
"made tracks'" with alacritv. Rude benches, h ng

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

enough to seat two or three persons, made of planks
si)lit and shaved, served as cliairs. In tlie plank,
holes were bored and sticks inserted, to serve as legs
or supports. Household utensils were as scanty as
the furniture, a single pot or skillet often having to
do duty many times over in preparing a meal. Tin-
ware was scarce and dear, stoves of course unknown,
and as for saving fuel, that was of but little moment,
the huge fire-places admitting a stick as long and as
heavy as a man would care to carry.

The tire on the hearth is one of tlie i)leasant memo-
ries of early days; on a winter's evening, with familiar
faces grouped around, the scene is most inviting. Is
the sacrifice of old comforts to modern plans always
without loss? The bright light of the blazing logs
often rendered candles or lamps unnecessary, and the
fire being easily kept up and rarely suffered to die out
for months together, the modern inventiim of matches,
now indispensable, was more easily got along without.
Clocks were the luxxiry of the few, but were- a few
years later introduced and sold at high prices by ped-
dlers, the housewife noting the hours by the sunlight
streaming through the open door or window and cast-
ing a shadow of the wall upon the floor.

The food of the settler was "johnny-cake" and mush,
or bread of coarsely-ground flour or meal, ililk was
freely used, butter often dispensed with and rarely of
the best ((uality, and cheese unknown. Pork and
venison were always at hand; wild turkey, squirrel and
other game easy to obtain. Sugar from the maple was
freipiently to be had, and tea and coffee were often
replaced by decoctions of sassafras, si^ice-bush and
jiarched corn. As for food, the variety and manner of
cooking were quite tolerable to those settlers fortunate
in having a good start and a little money, otherwise
they often suffered for necessaries, and being jiut on
short rations was not an uncommon experience.

In respect to clothing, the contrast with the present
time was more noticeable. Deerskin was largely used
for men's clothing. It would wear a long time, but its
adaptability was sadly lessened by the ease with which it
would absorb water. A man getting a pair of deerskin
trousers thoroughly wet would soon find them length-
ened and dangling at his heels so as to seriously
interfere with locomotion, and, after hanging them up
to dry at night, would, on the following morning, find
them almost as stiff as if made of cast iron.

The loom and si)inning wheel were found in every
household, and the women, besides making and knit-
ting yarn, made cloth of flax and wool, often com-
Ijining the ditt'erent materials into a coarse fabric
known as linsey-Wdnlsey. The barks of trees fur-
nished coloring matter, and the making of the gar-
ments was completed witlKJUt calling into recpiisition
any greater skill than the household afforded. But
these '•home manufacturers" could not "compete"
with tile "iiau per labor" of New England; and first
came the calicoes and brown muslins, dear at first,
doubly so from cost of transportation, handling, and
especially from the scarcity, but very soon so cheap no

one could afford to invest money to make them. Not
long afterwards satinets and jeans wei-e intrudticed for
men's wear, and very soim the louni had no fuither
place in the household, and the spinning wheel was
soon afterward laid aside. More recently the sewing
machine, books of patterns, and ready-made boots, hats
and clothing have come into general use, — the lattei-
commodity no longer content with becoming tlie aji-
parel of men, but of women also.

The settler provided with shelter, the work of clear-
ing, grubbing and burning away the forest and inclos-
ing his fields must be commenced. This is to be his
main vocation, especially in the winter season, for long
years to come. He must rise early and work late, nor
is the labor itself easy or inviting. As timber and
wood have no marketable value, they are simply an
incumbrance to be got rid of; occasionally, however, a
fine tree is saved for rails or other use. The manner
of clearing, too, is different from that of later years.
A shorter, less laborious method must be adopted —
the labor of felling the trees is often avoided ])y "gird-
ling" or "deadening" them. The ascent of the sap
being arrested by cutting notches entirely around the
trunk, the tree dies, and the trunk Ijecomes dry and
is burned in much less time, than if it was felled in the
first instance and allowed to lie on the damp ground;
and besides, after a time many of the trunks are blown
over, and the labor of chopping them down avoided.
Some trees, the beech and maple for instance, begin to
topple and fall after the third year.

Grain and other crops were often raised in the
girdling. After a time the number of fallen trunks
interferes with cultivation, and selecting a dry time,
they are set fire to. This burning is systematically
done; a hundred fires are set, and the woods and skies
are soon darkened by the smoke. To watch and tend
the fires, to cut down, an occasional "stub" which is
left standing, is the work of the settler, which is pro-
longed far into the night, when the bright flames light
up the surrounding forests, and make a scene of beauty
upon which he loves to linger and look. In order to
facilitate the burning of the larger logs, fires are set
at different points so as to burn them in two. In
some places this is called "niggering." When the
work is sufficiently advanced, the settler invites his
neighbors, who turn out with the same alacrity and
willingness they would to a raising. With long hand-
spikes, the burning logs are rolled together into great
hea])s. Working in the smoke, treading on hot ashes
and emliers, facing blazing fires, and at the same time
exerting all the strength they possess, the task is no
light or easy one; but the work is done with a will, and a
hearty "now all together" that shows them in earnest.
The task accomplished, the scene is often changed
into merry-making; a hearty supper is jirepared, and
liquid refreshments are not wanting, . Though the
wood or timber has no marketable value, the ashes
are scra]ied u]) and placed in rude conical boxes, flaring
at the top, and made of staves. Water is i)oured in
at the to]), and, leaching through, the lye thus formed

HISTORY OF HURON AKD ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

is carefully saved, ami after Ijoiliiijf in hiiLie irun [Kits
forms "lilack salts," from which potash is niaile. It
was sold in the form of lilack salts, wliirli had
tlie important quality of considerable \alue in so
little weight or bulk that it eould be transported
to the distant eastern markets. The sale of this pro-
duet was one of the few resources whicli tlie early
settler had to obtain money. The soil of the field
thus burned off was, it is unnecessary to say, of great
fertility, and enormous crops were often i-iiised. But
plowing and caring for crops was hard work among
the roots, stones and stumi)s; tools and implements
were rudely fashioned and imi)erfect. It was the days
of reaping hooks and hand rakes; and the grain,
slowly gathered, was taken to the barn, and the work
of pounding it out with flails remains to be done.
Nor was the work of converting into flour less formid-
able. At first, a pestle and mortar were used, worked
liy hand with a .spring-pole, but the i)ioneers of the
Fire-lands had but little experience of this kind. With
a bag of gram upon his horse, the settler would go
ten, twenty, yes, forty miles through the lonely woods
to the nearest mill — a rude affair of Small capacity —
and return after an absence of three or four days con-
sumed 'in the slow traveling of the times, and in
waiting for his turn, and in a few weeks' time he
would have to make another trip. No wonder then
that the establishment of a mill in a settlement was
hailed as a godsend.

Bountiful crops did not always reward the husband-
man. The raccoon, the squirrel and the woodchuck
were sometimes of the opinion that the growing corn
was their private property. Traps must lie set. and
hunts organized to catch them and put a stop to their
depredations, and high and stout fences must lie built
■to keep out larger animals, hogs, cattle and deer.

The csire of live stock was no small matter. Sheep
had to be penned every night to keep them from the
wolves, and every once in a while a bear would carry
off a pig in broad daylight. Full grown cattle ranged
the woods with l)ut little fear from attack by wild ani-
mals. They were generally provided with bells, so
that they could be the more easily found at night.
But the forest-covered country furnished but little
l)astiirage. In cold weather the slender supply of hay
and cornstalks was soon exhausted, and the cattle,
gaunt as skeletons, were turned into the woods to
browse among the underl)rush and tree-tops of the
clearings, and in the spring and summer were often
poisoned by eating noxious herbs and shrubs. That
terrible mysterious scourge, milk-sickness, sometimes
made its appearance, and brought suffering and death
into the settler's cabins. Malarious diseases were more
prevalent than now. The damp woods and f resh-t urned
fields were full of fever poisons. Skilled physicians
were few and. of ten many miles away. But the lot of
the pioneer was not altogether lonely and clieerless.
(■onii>anionship was not wanting: other settlers soon
anived. and they assisted one another in their toils
with light hearts and merry rivalry. The raising of a

cabin, the oiieniug of a mad. tlie lug-rollmg and burn-
ing, and the luisking-l)ee, were the signal for all to
gather together and turn the hardest tasks into sport,
while the coon-hunt, the election and the training day
were not forgotten. Nur was the rustic dance neg-
lected. On the rude rtnors of the cabins, the pioneer
youth and his sweet-heart, clad not in l)roadcloth or in
silks, but in half tanned deer-skin or coar.se homespun,
ranged them.selves, bright and expectant, for the lively
notes of the violin. A few tallow candles lent a dim
and glimmering light, but the bright cheeks of the
maidens did not need the shade ; the color would bear
the strongest light. The dance begins, and the cares
of field and kitchen are soon forgotten. Soft eyes
met loving glances, and the hours sjied away as if on
golden wings.

CHAPTER XI

CIVIL HISTORY.

TKl'MBrLi. county wa-
government, December

ilished by the territorial
,S(ili. It included the
whole of the Western Reserve. Prior to that time, so
much of the Reserve as lay east of the Cuyahoga, the
P(n-tage path and the Tuscarawas river, was included
in Washington county, which was established July 20.
1788. Eight years "later, Angust 15, 1796, that part
of the Reserve lying west of said line was constituted
a part of Wayne county.

Geauga county was erected by an act of the legisla-
ture passed December 31, ISo.i. by which aiul subse-
ipient acts it is supposed that a parr of the Fire-lands
was included in its limits.

Portage county was formed from Trumbull county,
February 10, 1807, and that i.ortion of the Reserve
lying west of the Cuyahoga river and south of town-
ship number five was attached to Portage county for
judicial purposes.

Huron county was created by the act of Feliruary
7, 1809, and included all of the Fire-lands, to be
organized when the legislature should deem proper;
l)ut, for the time, to remain as it then was. attached
to Portage and Gc'auga for judicial purjjoses. By the
same act, Almon Ruggles was appointed recorder of
Huron county, and to continue such until the county
organization should be iierfected: and the recorders of
Geauga and Trumbull counties were to deliver to him
all books and records relating to the county of Huion.

Cuyahoga county was organized January li'>. ISKi.
and Huron county attached to it for judicial pur|>oses.

January 22, 1811, the limits of Huron county were
enlarged, the east line being moved ea.stward so as to
include a considerable part of what is now Lorain
county, the Ixiundary being changed .so as to extend
from the luirtheast corner of town four of the twenti-
eth range to the .southwest corner of town five of the
sixteenth range, tJience north to the northwest cornei-
of town six. in the sixteenth range, thence west to tlie

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

middle of Black river, and thence, following that
stream, to Lake Erie. The Ohio legislature, by a
resolution adopted on the 29th of January, 1811,
'api)oiuted Ephraim Quinl^y of Trumlnill. Joseph
Clark of Geauga, and Solomon Griswold of Ashtabula
county, as commissioners to locate a county seat.
They selected a site on the farm of David Aljbott, in
the township of Avery, and near the present village of
Milan.

On January 31. 1811. an act was passed further or-
ganizing Huron county, but the war with England
prevented it from being carried out, until January 31,
1815. The first court of common pleas was held at
the county seat, in Avery township, (now Milan,)
George Tod, presiding judge, and Jabez Wright, Ste-
phen Meeker and Joseph Strong, associates. Com-
plaint ha\ing been made that the location of the
county seat was unsuitable, the legislature was induced,
on the 2Cth day of January. 1818, to ajjpoiut Abra-
ham Tappan, of Geauga, William Wetmore, of Port-
age, and Elias Lee, of Cuyahoga county, as commis-
sioners to view the present seat of justice of Huron
county, and to investigate the claims of other localities,
and if they should consider that the interests of the
county require it, were authorized to remove it to such
a jilace as in their judgment might he more suitable.

The proprietors of Norwalk were much interested
in securing a report in favor of their infant village,
and were not, it is to be presumed, backward in pre-
senting its claims, which they did with so much suc-
cess that the commissioners decided in their favor and
removed the county seat thither.

The first meeting of the commissioners of Huron
county was held at the county seat, in Avery, on
August 1, 1815, at the house of David Abbott. The
commissioners were Caleb Palmer, Charles Parker
and Eli S. Barnum ; Ichabod Marshall was apjiointed
clerky;;-o fern. AViijah Comstock was iippointed county
treasurer.

Among the townships set off were the following:

Vermillion, to comprise the whole of the twentieth
range, together with all that tract of country l^elong-
ing to Huron county, east of the twentieth range.

Greenfield, to comprise townships numbers two and
three in the twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third
and twenty-fourth ranges.

New Haven, to comprise townships uuuiIxt one,
in tlie twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third and
t wcnty-f ourth ranges.

The commissioners decided at this meeting that the
bounty for killing wolves in the county of Huron to be
paid Ijy said county shall )je: For each wolf scalp more
than six months old, two dollars; for each wolf scalp
less than six months old, one dollar. They also
ordered that the Iniilding at the county seat which
hitherto had been occupied as a school house, should,
for the future, l)e used for a court lu)useand gaol until
other arrangements could be made.

The second Ijoard of commissioners consisted of
Nathan Cuniinin!<. for one vcar: Frederick Fallev. tVi|-

two years; and Bildad Adams, for three years; the
length of service being determined by lot, and ap-
pointed Frederick Falley as their clerk. The meeting
was held at the house of David Al^ljott, Esq., at the
county seat, on the first Monday of Decemljer, 1815.

The following townships were ordered set off: Ridge-
field, comprising the townships of Ridgefield, Lyme,
the south half of Oxford, together with the township
of Sherman; Bloomingville, comprising Perkins and
fractions Ijetween that and Sandusky Bay and the
north half of Oxford; Margaretta, comprising Patter-
son, the fraction between that and Sandusky Bay,
Danbury and the island in the bay and lake.

At this meeting committees were appointed to lay
out ten different roads, and Lyman Farwell was ap-
pointed collector of county taxes and levies for the
year 1816, and Abijali Comstock was appointed treas-
urer and gave bond for three thousand dollars, with
David Abbott and John Hack as sureties. June 8,
1816, the treasurer's report was sul)mitted : Total re-
ceipts for the year, two thousand six hundred and
fifty-three dollars and eleven cents; total expenditures,
one thousand eight hundred and forty-three dollars and
ninety-five cents; l)alance in the treasury, eight hun-
dred and thirteen dollars and sixteen cents.

The order of notice for proposals to be received for
building a court house and gaol is in the following
words: "Notice is hereby given that proposals will be
received for the building of a brick court house and a
gaol by the commissioners of the county of Huron at
the next court of common pleas to be holden in and
for the county of Huron on the third Tuesday of
October next of said court, at which time and place a
plan of said buildings will be exhibited, and time
made known for the completion of the same. Fred-
erick Falley, Eljenezer Merry, Bildad Adams, commis-
sioners. Attest: David Abbott, Clerk." The com-
missioners ordered that the notice be inserted in a
paper published at Columbus, and in the Tnonp of
Fame, for three weeks prerious to the time of receiv-
ing proposals, and also that notice l>e given in four
public places by advertisements.

February 8, 1817, the township of Danl)ury was set
off from Margaretta (to include the islands), and
Bronson and Norwalk were set off from Hui'on. under
the name of Norwalk.

Township five in the twentieth range wa.s set off
from Vermillion, to be called Florence. Townships
one, two, three, four and five, in twenty-first range,
were set oft', under the name ..r Eldriil-e, April "3,
1817.

The l)uilding of the court house and jail l>eiug put
up at auction. Ebeiu-zer Merry was the lowest bid-
der — seven hundred dollars for erecting the frame of
the niurt house and jail and tiie underpinMing for the
sanu'.

April 23, 1817. Merry contracted to furnish fifteen
thousand feet of boards, for finishing the court house,
at twelve dollars j.er flions;,u.l.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES. OHIO.

June S, 1817.— Abijah Comstock, Treasurer, Da.

ToStatetax 81,535 84

To county tax 258 99

To permits and licenses 121' 11

To old balance **13 15

To onler on Cuyahoga county 613 59

To order on auditor tor three per cent, money 150 00

3,492 68
C"R.

Orders redeemed $2,195 42

For per centage S" ^1

Balance due the county on settlement $1,209 45

Sei)teniljer 11, 1819. it was ordered that tlie name
of Wheatsborough be changed to Lyme. February
16. 1820, the commissioners ordered that tliere should
be no more Indians' accounts audited.

June, lS'i'2, the wolf bounty was fixed at one dollar
and fifty cents for each wolf over six months old, and
seventy-five cents for those under that age.

August 12, 1818, it was ordered by the commissioners
that notice be given that the coijimissioners will, on
the first ilonday of December following, receive pro-
posals for a court house, forty by thirty feet, and a jail;
and on the 7th of December following, the commis-
sioners purchased a building of David Underbill & Co.
for a court house, for the sum of eight hundred and
forty-eight dollars.

March I, 1819, the commissioners contracted with
Piatt Benedict to build a jail, twenty-four by forty-six
feet, two stories high, for the sum of one thousand
two hundred and seventy-five dollars.

The first term of court was held at the old county
seat, in October. 1815, the first recorded cause being
an action by John James against Anthony Doyle for
assault and battery — Samuel Mott, attorney for plain-
tiff, Elisha Whittiesey for defendant. The cause was
discontinued before being brought to a trial.

The first letters of administration were issued to
Nathan "Wood, on the estate of Robert Harberson.
deceased, late <if Wheatsborough (Lyme) township.
The inventory of the goods and chattels gives, among
other items:

1 black cott m w

1 red co« IS 00

1 pair steer-. -6 00

5 geese ^ W

1 large iron kettle <> M

1 set plow irons 5 00

1 iron wedge 1 00

1 axe. . i 00

1 scythe and snat^ . 1 25

III the year 1830 a tax or license was charged
against lawyers and physicians from one dollar to
three dollars each. Total amount, eighty-three dol-
lars. The following is the list:

Lawyers —Ebenezer .\ndrews. Milan; L. S. Beecher, Portland; Eleu-
theros Cook, Ridgefield: Wm. H. Hunter, Portland; David Higgins, Nor-
walk; Philip R. Hopkins Milan; Francis Kenyon, Milan ; Picket Lati-
mer, Norwalk; Ebenezer Lane, Xorwalk; Francis l>. Parish, Portland;
Thad. B. Sturges. Xorwalk; John Wheeler. Portland; James Williams.
Norwalk.

Physicians,— (jeo. .\nderson. Portland; A. H. Brown. New Haven:
Geo. O. Baker, Florence; S. B. Carpenter. Oxford: H. M. Clark. Wake-
man; Cyrus Cole, Ridgefield ; Thos. Davis, Portland: Lyman Fay, Milan:
Dr. Frisbie, New Haven; I. T. Gilbert, Sew Haven; Amos B. Harris,
Milan; Junia A. Jennings. New Haven; Wm. F. Kittredge. Xorwalk;
•Wm. M. Ladd, Greenwich; Philip R. McCrea. Milan: Harvey Manley,
Clarksfleld; Richard A. Morton. Greenwich; Wm. W. Nugent, Portland;

Lemuel Powers, New Haven ; Hugh T. Prouty. Ridgefield : Moses C. San-
ders, Peru; Samuel Stevens, Lyme; Charles Smith. Lyme: Daniel Til-
den, Norwalk; Ensign Van Benschoter, Portland.

In 18-iO the following lawyers were taxed. They
were located at Norwalk, unless otherwise sjtecified:

Lawyers —J. J. .\ckerman. John Beardsley, C. L. Boalt. David Hig-
gins. Jr., Jairus Kennan. C. L. Latimer. Noah Newton. J. R. Osboni. W.
Pierce, Joseph M. Root, Ezra M. Stone, T. B. Sturges, C. B. Squires,
James Williams. S. T. Worcester, John Whitbeek- J. W. Wilson, of
Fitchville.

Herewith is given a list of the names on the tax
duplicate for the year 181.5. The book containing
them is now on file at the county auditor's office in
Norwalk, and consists of a single sheet of foolscap
folded so as to make sixteen pages. It has no cover,
and IS yellow with age. The amount of tax levied to
each person is given, but is here omitted — the total
amount levied being one hundred and ninety-two dol-
lars and forty cents; the largest amount charged to a
single individual being six dollars and forty cents, — to
David Abbott. The spelling is that of the record:

TAX BILL FOR THE <Ol"XTY OF HIROX IX THE YEAR
181,5.

Whe.atsborovgh.— Bildad Adams. Joseph .\lbee. Epm. .\danis. Seth
Brown. Sumner Bacon. Mathew Benard. John Barney. Charles Blanoh-
ard, John Baker, Henry Barney. Elijah Biaton. Hiram Blackman, Ste-
phen Blackmore, Charles Butler. William Bole, Gasper Clutter, Dougal
Campbell, Samuel Chena. Nathan Cummins. Stephen Crippin. Thomas
Cook, Josiah Curtis, Luther Coe, Christopher Cooper. James R. Cowen.
Thomas Curren, Israel Coolidge. Henry Cole, Benj, Drake. ' Phinehas
Dunham, Levi Dixon. John Dillingham. Peter Dunham, John Evens,
Francis Evens, Lineus Ensign. Barrel Fitch. William Frink. WiUiara
Ferguson, George Ferguson, John Fleming. Eli Ford. James Forsyth.
John Fay. Truman Gilbert. Jacob Goodrich, .\nslow Ciuthrie, Seth Har-
rington. Job Hughs. Eli Hunt. John Harbison. John Inscho, J. Moses
Inscho. Joseph Inscho. John Jackson. .Alexis Jackson. Thomas James.
John James. Samuel Knap. Martin M, Kellogg, Ezra Lee, Sanders Lit.
tlefield. Cyrus W. Marsh, Harlow Marth r. William McKelvey, Israel
Markham, James Jlclntyre. Thomas Morris, Chis, May. James More-
craft. James McCord. Samuel Megill.-Adam Myers. Timothy Olds. Stephen
Palmer. Daniel Pratt. Caleb Palmer, David Powers. Isaac Powers' Uzziel
Putnam. -Tohn Paxton. Dan. Putnam, Samuel Pettingale, .\ndres Parker,
.\ndres Parker.Jr.. Daniel Page. Green Parker. William Richey. Richard
Richards. Ram.idale on the P. (Peninsula ?). Ebenezer Ransom. Hanson
Reed. John Roberts, Samuel Rice. George Roberts, John Sower, Erastus
Smith, Samuel Spencer. Gasper Smith, Math^-w Smith. Danl. Sherman,
Moses Sutton. Moses Sutton, Jr.. Levi Sutton, Andrew Stull, Francis
Strong. Zadoc Str.ing. Sanford Selvey. Joseph Strong. Reuben Skmner,
Samuel Spry, Dorastus P. Snow. Philip Sutton. Jonathan Sprague. Jona.
Sprague. Senr., Willard Sprague, Nathan Shippy, Junr . Moses Thorp,
Tulleronthe P. (Peninsula ^i, James Wilson. Thomas Webb, .Michael
Widner, Leonard Widner. Moses Wilson, Jasper Wood. Nathan Wood,
Wolcott on the P.. (Peninsula ?i, William York.

Huron Township.— Isaac Allen. David .\bbott, Daniel Butler, estate of
David Barritt. Richard Bngley. .\zariah Beebe. George Calvin. Levi D.
Chapman. Daniel Curtis, Sj-renus Campbell, Abijah Comstock, James
Conaway, Jeremiah Daniels. John Dickson, John B. Flemmond, .\nson
Fox, Lyman Fay, Lyman Farwell, Anderson Hubbard, Abijah Hewet,
George Giles, Eli H"bbard, John Hook, Luther Harvey, William Howard,
Thomas JefTery, Elijah Kinney, Manoak Kinney. Orsemus Kellogg, John
Laughlin, Samuel Lewis. John Monigomery, Jacob Mingur, Osmer
Merry, Moody Mears. Ebenezer Merry. Cornelia Mason. Aaron Noble,
Benj. Newcomb. Moses Olmsted. Winslow Perry, Charles Parker, Reuben
Pixley, John Roberts, Richmond Rhodes, Hiram Russell, David Smith,
Josiah Smith, Tinker K. Smith, Asa Smith, Thomas Starr. Jonathan
Sprague. Chester Smith. Phineas Tillotson, John Thompson, Kneeland
Townsend. Joseph Vanorman, Henry Vanwormer, Jerred Ward. Jabez
Wright,

Vermiu-ion Tow.vship,— William .Austin, John .\ustin, John Brooks.
George Brooks, Ira Blackmail, Joseph Brooks, Jonathan Brooks, Daniel
Barton. John Beardsley. Harvey Bliss. Jeremian V. Benscotre. Lemuel
Blackin, James Buroughs. William Blackman. Charles Betts, Eli S.
Barnum. Aaron C. Buck, James Cuddeback, Peter Cuddeback, Jacob
Cumpton, Town Clark, David Frary, Rufus Judson, Francis Keys,
Stephen Meeker, Joseph Parsons. Solomon Pai-sons, Horatio Perry.
Almond Ruggles, Isaac Ransom, Martin Ci. Shelhouse. Loramie Shel-
house, Lambert Shafer, Ezra Sprague. Barlow Sturges. John Sharets.
George Sharets, Enoch Smith, Isaac Tillotson. Josiah Weston.

HISTORY OF HUKON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

CHAPTER XIII.

The earliest indication of a divisioa of Huron
county, that might have been discovered by the far
seeing, was the springing up of a spirit of jealous
rivalry between Sandusky and Norwalk. This feeling
was developed at an early day and increased steadily
up to and beyond the time when Erie county. was set
off from Huron, though the main cause of its foster-
ing was removed when Sandusky became the county
seat of Erie. There were other and more potent
forces in operation, however, which tended toward
the division of the territory. There was a desire for
the formation of new counties in several localities,
notably in tiie southern part of Huron and the
northern part of Richland, where a strong movement
was on foot' for the erection of a new county from the
territory of the tAvo named, to be known as Plymouth.
Tliis scheme was urged with considerable energy by
the people of New Haven (then a thriving village),
and of Paris (now Plymouth), Ijetween which places,
had a new county been set off. there would have been
a warm competition for the "honors and emolu-
ments " of the county seat location. Had not Erie
been set off from the northern part of Huron, some
of the territory of the southern part would, in all
probability, have been set off for the erection of the
proposed county of Plymouth.

The act for the ejection of Erie county was intro-
duced in the Ohio legislature in the session of 183S,
and was the subject of mucli argument pro and con,
in the public prints of the territory more or less in-
terested, and through memorials.

Petitions and remonstrances, the usual recourse of
the public, were submitted to the legislature, showing
the rea.sons for and against the erection of the county.
The report of the standing committee of the senate
— session of 1838 — on new counties, comments at
length upon these expressions of the people's will. A
brief synopsis of this report gives an exhibit of the
causes that led to the formation of Erie county. The
petitions praying for the erection of the county were
signed by twelve hundred and fifty persons, all of
whom were said to reside in the boundaries of Huron
and Sandusky counties and within the boundaries
proposed for the county of which the act under
consideration contemplated the erection. In addition
to these there was another petition containing the
mimes of forty-six persons, who expressed a prefer-
ence for Erie over Ottawa county. These jietitions
represented that the counties of Huron and Sandusky-
were larger than necessary; that they had an unusu-
ally good soil; were capaljle of sustaining an unusually
den.«e population; contained many flourishing towns
and villages, and were being rapidly settled by an
industrious and enterprising class of people. It was
also represented that the judicial business of Huron
county required annually three terms of the court of

common pleas, of from three to five weeks duration,
and that there was every prospect of an increase in
the same. The consequent delay and inconvenience
arising to suitors, and the great distance of those re-
siding on the peninsula and the islands from the seat
of justice, and the fact that a large amount of the
legal business of Huron county originated near the
lake, were among the strongest reasons urged in favor
of erecting the new county.

The remonstrances were signed by fifteen hundred
persons, '•'excluding the names that were found ap-
pended more than once." Of these, one thousand
and fifty were represented as residing in Sandusky
county, and four hundred and fifty in the county of
Huron. More than four hundred and fifty of those
from Sandusky lived within the territory which it
was proposed in the bill to attach to the new county.
The reasons urged against the erection of Erie were
various, and differed according to the location of the
remonstrants. From Sandusky it would take several
of the most fertile and densely settled townships, by
which the taxes of the people residing in other parts
of the county would be greatly increased; the seat of
justice would be thrown near the southeast corner of
the county, and before many years .would require to
be moved from its present location, causing difficul-
ties and embarrassments to the people. It was further
represented that the inhabitants of the peninsula
were compelled to cross the ))ay when required to
visit the (then) present seat of justice, and that by
the erection of Erie county, as proposed, they would,
though being nearer the seat of justice, still be com-
pelled to the inconvenience of crossing the liay, which
was sometimes both difficult and dangerous. Most
of the remonstrances were circulated after the bill
had passed the senate, the remonstrants alleging
that its passage caused their first knowledge of the
measure.

The committee closed its report with the recom-
mendation, that as it was by no means certain that
the spirit of the act was in accordance with tiie
wishes of a majority of the people interested in the
erection of the new county, no action should lie taken
until there had l)een further consideration of the
matter.

The act, after having been sent baclc and forth
from the house t<j various committees, and being
variously reported upon, was finally iiassed, March
15, 1838.

As this act fully describes the county as it was
originally constituted, we print the full te.xt. It
reads as follows :

AN ACT
To erect the County o( Erie.
Section 1. Be it enacted by the Oeneral Assemblij of the State of Ohio'
That such parts of the counties of Huron and Samlusky. as are em-
braced in the tioundaries hereinafter described, be and the same are
hereby erected into a separate and distinct county, which shall be known
Ijy the name of the county of Erie, and the seat of justice in and for said
county, shall be, and is hereby fixed and established at Sandusky City,
to wit; Beginning at a point on the east line of Oxford township, in the
county of Huron, one mile north of the southeast corner thereof ; thence
northerly on the said east line, and In the same direction, to the Canada

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES. OHIO.

line; thence westerly along said Canada line, to a point therein directly
opposite the west line of the township of Portage, in Sandusljy county;
theiK-r southerly, parallel with the east line of said Sandusky county to
the north Wfst corner of the township of Townsentl, in Sandusky eounry;
tlience east, to the west boundary of Huron county; thence south, on
said west boundary of Huron county, to a point one tnile north of the
south line of the township of Groton, in said Hiu'on county; and from
thence to the place of beginning: Provided, ami il is hereby declared,
That if the east line of said county of Erie, as above described, will not
include the whole of Cunningham's Island, in Lake Erie, then, and in
that case, said line shall be so far varied from the south shore of said
lake to the said Canada line, that it will embrace the whole of said Cun-
ningham's Island.

Sec. 3. That the said county of Erie be, and remain attached to the
counties from which it is detached, until the same shall be organized by
the legislature.

C. ANTHONY,

Speaker of the House of Representatives.

GEORGE J. S.MITH,

March 1.5th, ISM. Speaker of the Senate.

The act for the orgauizatiou of Erie county was
passed March 16, 1838. It provided for the liolding
of ail election on the following May, and that all
justices of the peace and constables, residing within
the territory taken from the counties of Huron and
Sandusky and embraced within the limits of Erie
county, should continue fo discharge their duties until
their terms shonld e.xpire, and that suits begun in
court before the taking effect of the act should proceed
and be prosecuted as though the act had not been
been passed. The county was by the power of this
act attached for judicial purposes to the second judi-
cial circuit.

It was not until 1840, that Erie county was consti-
tuted, territorially, as it now e.xists. By an act
passed March 6th of the year above designated, the
township of Danbury (the peninsula) and the islands,
which previous to that time had been within the
boundaries of Erie county, were transferred to Ottawa
county, and Erie county was enlarged so as to embrace
all of the Fire-lands north of the north line of Lyme,
Ridgefield, Norwalk, Town.<eiul and Wakenian, (ex-
cei)t the peninsula.)

CHAPTER XIV

CIVIL LIST.

David Abbott was a presidential elector in 1812,
but is marked as "not present." Other citizens of
the county who have e.xercised the trusts of this office
are: Ebeiiezer Merry, in 1854; H. D. Cooke, in 1856,
and Jo.'sejih M. Root, elector at large.

The following have served as members of State
conventions to revise the constitution of the State of
Oiiio: Convention of 18.51, Joseph M. Farr, of*Hu-
ron, and James W. Taylor, of Erie; convention of
187.3, Cooper K. \V;it<on, of Huron, and Joseph M.
Root, of Erie.

Ebenezer Lane, of Huron, and Walter F. Stone.
of Erie, have lieen judges of \hc siijireim' I'ourr of
the State

The list of congressmen does not extend further
back than 1823. Previous to this the iiiiinher of
representatives was small, and eacli district covered
a large territory. The census of IS-.'d, however.

changed this. In the i)eriod between 1810 and 1820,
more especially after the war of 1S12, the growth of
Ohio was rapid, almost beyond precedent, and almost
at a bound it took that prominent position in the
Union that it has ever since maintained. The Fire-
lands have often been represented in the halls of Con-
gress by men of distinguished ability and wide repu-
tation. Mordecai Bartley, of Mansfield, afterwards
Governor; Joseph M. Root, then of Xorwalk, now
living in the retirement of old age at Sandusky;
John Sherman, of Mansfield, senator, and now sec-
retary of the treasury in the cabinet of President
Hayes, and James Monroe, of Oberlin — these are all
men who have left the impress of their influence on
the politics of their time, and some of them have
been and are still among the leading minds and mov-
ing spirits in American politics.

COXGRESSMEX.

18th Congress. 18'J323.— 14th District, Mordecai Bartley, Richland.
19th Congress, 18-J5-3T.— 14th District. Mordecai Bartley, Richland,
aoth Congress, 1837-29.— 14th District, Mordecai Bartley. Richland.
21st Congress, 1829-31.— 14th District, Mordecai Bartley, Richland.
22d Congress, 18.31-.33.— 14th District, Eleutheros Cooke. Huron.
2.3d Congress, 1833-35.— 14th District, William Patterson, Richland
34th Congress, 18-35-37.- 14th District, William Patterson, Richland.
25th Congress, 1837-39.— 14th District. William H. Hunter, Huron.
Stlth Congress, 1839-41.— 14th District, George Sweney, Crawford.
27th Congress, I84H3.— 14th District, George Sweney, Crawford.
2Sth Congress, 184-3-45.- 31st District. Henry R. BrinkerhoiT. Huron. Ed.

ward S. Hamlin, Lorain (elected to fill vacancy caused by death of

Brinkerhoff).
29th Congress, 1845-47.— 21st District, Joseph M. Root. Huron.
30th Congress, 1847-49 —21st District, Joseph M. R ot. Huron.
31st Congress, 1849-51.— 21st District, Joseph M. Root, Erie.
32d Congress, 1851-53.— 3Ist District, Norton S. Townshend, Lorain.
33d Congress, 1853-55— 13th District, William D. Lindsley, Erie.
34th Congress, 1855-57.— 1.3th District. John Sherman. Richland.
35th Congress, 1857-59.— 13th Disfriot. John Sherman. Richland.
36th Congress, 1859-61.— 13th District. .lohii Sherman. Richland.
.37ih Congress. 1861-63.- 1.3th District. John Sherman. Richland. Elected

Senator, and succeeded by Samuel T. Worcester. Huron.
3Sth Congress, 1863-65.— 9th District, Warren P. Noble. Seneca.
39th Congress, 1865-67.— 9th District. Ralph P. Buckland, Sandusky.
40th Congress. 1867-69.— 9th District, Ralph P. Buckland. Sandusky.
41st Congress, 1869-71 —9th District, Edward F. Dickinson, Sandusky.
42d Congress, 1871-73 —9th District, Charles Foster, Seneca.
43d Congress. l.t73-75.— 10th District, Charles Foster. Seneca.
44th Congress, 1875-77.— 10th District, Charles Foster, Seneca.
45th Congress, 1877-79 - 10th District, Charles Foster. Seneca.
46th Congress, 1879-81.— 17th District, James Monroe, Lorain.

During the early jiart of the present century, a
menibei' of the State legislature i-epresented a far larger
area of territory than is now the case. Among those
who served the Fire-lands in this capacity, were not
only such men as David Abbott, Almon Ruggles. Elie-
nezer Merry and Eleutheros Cooke — names which have
a familiar sound to every old resident of the Fire-
lands — but such others as Ephraim Quinby. of War-
ren; Peter Hitchcock, of Geauga, a jurist of reputa-
tion: .\lfred Kelly, often styled the father of the Ohio
canals: and Reuben Wood, afterward.- g.)vernor. The
list lierc oiven liegins at ISHi. which is about the time
when llni'on coiintv began to have a rc:il existence.

LE(

1st— Senate, Samuel Htmtington. Trumlnill. House, E. Quinby, Ai

Wheeler, Trumbull.
3d— Senate, Benj. Tappan. House, David .\bbott. Epm. Quinby.
.'id— Senate, George Tod. House, Amos Spofford, Homer Hine.
4th— Senate, George Tod. House, Homer Hine, James Kingsbury.

HISTOKY OF. HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

55 _1806-r. Senate, Calvin Cone. House. J. P. Bissell, James Kingsbui-y
Bth— 180r-8 Senate, Calvin Cone. House, John \V. Seeley. James

Montgomery.

7th— 1808-9. Senate, David Abbott. House, ?

8th— 1809-10. Senate, David Abbott. House, ?

Otli— 1810-11 . Senate, David Abbott. House, Peter Hitchcock.

lOth— 1811-12. Senate, David Abbott. House.

nth— 1812-13. Senate, Peter Hitchcock. House,

12th-181.3-U. Senate, Peter Hitchcoclc. House. ,

13th— ISll-l"). Senate. Pfter Hitchcocli. House, .

nth— 181.")-li'. senate. Peter Hi-chcoclc. House, .

l-Sth— ISlii-lT Sfnate. Varon Wheeler, .\lm(jn Ruggles. House, Alfred

Kelly, Williau) Kerr.
lOth— lsir-1^. Senatei,Alraon Rugbies, .\arun Wheeler. Hou^ie, Lewis

Dill

ate-AIn
fia.TlorJ

Wheeler, John Campbell. Ho

Ebr.

iFar-

irth-lSlS-19 Senate. Aar

Merry. Lewis Dille.
ISth— lsni-30. Senate, John Campbell, Almon Ruggles. House,

Kelly, E. Merry.
I9th— 1820-21. Senate, Almon Ruggles. House. Lyman Farwell.
20th— 1821-22. Senate, Alfred Kelly. House, David Abbott, Lyme

well.
21st— 1823-23. Senate, Alfred Kelly. House, Eleutheros Cooke.
22d— lo23-24. Senate, J.abez Wright. House, Eleutheros Cooke.
23d— 1824-23. Senate, J. Wright. House, .\lmon Ruggles.
24th— 1823-26. Senate, Reuben Wood. House, Eleutheros Cooke.
25th— 1823-27. Senate, Reuben Wood. House, David Campbell.
26th— 1827-28. Senate, Reub?n Wood. House, David Campbell,
arth— 1S2S-29. Senate, David Campbell. House, Daniel Tilden.
2^th— 1829-30 Senate. David Campbell. House. :vioses C. Saunders.
29th— 1830-31. Senate, S. -M. Lockwood. House, George C4. Baker.
30th--18Jl-32. Senate. S. M. Lockwood. House. Charles Lindsay.
31st— 1832-33. Senate, Dan. Tilden. House, Ebenezer Merry.
32d— 1833-34. Senate. Daniel Tilden. House, Charles Lindsay.
33d— 1884-3). Senate, Joseph Howard. House, Philo Clark.
34th— l8r>-36. Senate, Joseph Howard. House, Cyrus Butler.
35th— 188J-3~. Senate, .lohn K. Cirapbell. House, Philo Clark.
Slith— 183;-38 Senate, John K Campbell. Hoise, Philo Clark.
37th— 1S3S-.39 Senate, Josiah Tracy. House, Walter Branch, John G-

38th— 1839-10. Senate, Josiah Tracy. House, Ebenez-r Warner.

39th— 1840-41- Senate, Joseph M. Root. House, Eleutheros Cooke.

40th— 1841-42. Senate, Joseph JL Root. House, Eleutheros Cooke.

41st— 1842-13. Senate, John Fuller. House, Samuel Atherton.

42nd— 1843-44. Senate, John Fuller. House, Samuel Atherton.

43rd— 1844-45. Senate, John R. Osborn. House, Benjamin Summers.

44th— 1845-10. Senate, J. R, Osborn.

45th— 1846-47. Senate, vacancy. House, Joseph C. Curtis.

46th— 1847-48. Senate, Thomas Hamilton. House, Samuel Atherton.

47th— 1848-49. Senate, Samuel T. Worcester. House, George Reber.

48th— 1849-50. Senate, Samuel T. Worcester. House, Harvey Chase.

49th— 1850-51. Senate, Earl Bill. House, De Morris Pratt.

.50th— 1851-52. Senate, Elihu P. Hill. House, Hiram McMillen.

olBt— 18,54. Senate, Albert G. Sutton. House, Harvey Fowler, Erie;

Alpia R. Segar, Huron.
.52nd— 1850. Senate, Ralph P. Buckland. House, C. L. Burton, Erie-:

Thomas M. Cook, Huron.
.53rd— 1S5S. Senate, Ralph P. Buckland. House, Thomas C. Furnold,

Erie; Charles B. Simmons, Huron.
54th— 1860.— Senate, F. D. Parish. House, C. B. Choate, Erie; Alexan-
der McPherson. Robert McCune, Huron.
55th— 1802,— Senate, John Kelly. House, J. W. Pierce, Erie; Ezra Stew

art, Huron.
.5Uth— 1804. Senate, Frederick Wickham.
Erie; John C. Thompson, Huron.
5Tth— 1806. Senate, E. B. Sadler. House, A. T. Wilco.v. Zalnuma Phil-
lips, Erie; Frank Sawyer, Huron.
.58th— 1808. Senate, Homer Everett. House, Benj. L Hill, Erie; W. 0.

Parker, Huron.
.59th-1870. Senate, Homer Everett, J M. Root. House, Benj. L. Hill,

Erie; W. O. Parker, E. Bogardus, Huron.
COth— 1872. Sennte, Welcome 0. Parker. House, David C Richmond,

Erie; Henry C. Breckenridge, Huron.
6Ist— 1874. Senate, John H.Hudson. House, D. C. Richmond, Erie;

Edgar Martin, Huron.
02nd— 1870. Senate, John H. Hudson. House, James Douglas, Erie; E.

Borgardus, Huron.
03rd— 1878. Senate, C. S. Parker. House, James Douglas, Erie; John
A. Williamson, Huron.

HURON COUNTY OFFICERS.

AUDITORS.

in— ..AsaSanfuTd. 1841 . .Daniel A. Baker.

18J2. Mnses Kimball, 1851 . .Gideon T. Stewart.

)h::i ,l;ii,i.'-i Williams 1K.57. . William Case.

is:;; ( y: IK Bitler. 1803. David H. Pease.

is:;:. ,l,.liii Kfiiiian. 1869,. John Barnes.

l,s;s Wilcoxson, H. H. 1875.. Henry W. Owen.

Johnson, acting.

D. Lindsley,

TREASURERS.

1813

\bgah Comstotk

j 1844

.Henry H.Brown.

181S

David \bb .tt

1848.

Daniels. Pond.

1 19

I lial IMushall

'1 '.hall
n t,hani
:i.-ld

18.50

E. E. Husted.
lan..-sS. Felton,
ih.nl^. A.Preston,

:'iv'M:;,s.an,

1 1 lenburgh.

,1, X Watrous.

i\i 11, ,11 taswell

EdwiuH. Brown.

John Kennan

.E. W. Gilson.

1S40

John M Latmiei

1878

.0. W. Williams

Henn Buekmgham

RECORDEKS.

180il

.Almon Ruggles,

1 1848

.D. M. Barmun

1K15

.Xathan Strong.
.Ichabod :Marshall

1858

.James Brown

1810

1867

.John F. Randolph, Jr

18-35

Paul G. Smith.

1873

.E. G. Boughton

18.36

.Woodward Todd.

PROBATE JUDliES.

LOfBce established by Constitu

ion of 1S51].

1852

.C. B. Stiokney.

1861

George Q. Adams
.DanielH. Fox

18.55

.Frederick Sears.

1S67

(

LERKS (IF CorifT.

1815

-David .\bbott.

1S58

.JosephC. Curtiss, Jr.

l.sis

James Williams

.W. C, AUea.

1867..AlvinB. Gr
1870.. B. P. Smith.
1876 .S.^muel T. Vansciever.

1850 , , David Johnson ,
1.S.54 ,H, L, .Moore.
1S.5S ,G. 51. Cleveland.
180-.> Jos. F. B.adger, idied

while in oftice.)
1804., (L. D. Allen, coroner.

sheriff e.'c-offlcio).
1863.. Irving Cole.
1869.. Edward C. Culp.
18:3. John M. Latimer.
]877..Parlee C. Breckenridge.

For many years this office was not elective, but was appointed by the
court, and held office at its pleasure. The following is a list of incum-
bents for the past thirty years.

1847.. J. R. Osborn,
1851.. Frank S'Wyer.
18.53.. G. H. Saffnrd.
18.55 . . Moses R. Brailey ,
18.57 ,R, c. Powers,
1861 , Philip N, .Schuyler,

Charles E. Pennewell.

.Chai-les P, Wickham,
,Ge..ri;e W Kiiarip

IM Ml SSI I.

rEi;.>.

1813.. Nathan Cummins, Frederick Falley, Bildad .\dams.
1810.. Frederick Falley, Bildad Adams, Ebenezer Merry,
1817.. Bildad .\dams, John S. Reed, Joseph Strong.
1818..Sameasl817.

1819. Bildad Adams. .Joseph Strong, Lyman Farwell.

1820. .Bildad Adams, Joseph Strong, Eli S. Barnum.

1821. Eh S. Barnum, Roberts. Southgate, Amos Woodward.

1822 and 182:5. .Same as in 1821.

1824.. Eli S. Barnum, .^mos Woodwanl, Schuyler Van Rensselaer.

1823. Eli S. Barnum, Schuyler Van Rensselaer, George W. Choate.

1820.. Schuyler Van Renssi-laer. GfTge W, Choate, Frederick Forsyth.

1827 George W, Choate, Frederick Forsyth, Bradford Sturtevant.

lS28..Same as in 1827.

1S2H.. George W. Choate, Bradford Sturtevant. M. JlcKelvey.

18-j(i..Sameasinl829.

1831.,Bradford Sturtevant. M. McKelvey, George Hollister.

18:J2.. Bradford Sturtevant, George Hollister, George W. Choate.

18:)3.. George Hollister, George W. f;hoate, Sara. B. Carpenter.

18:)4. George W. Choate, Sara. B, Carpenter, W. C. Spalding.

18:»..Sam. B. Caipenter, W. C. Spalding, John Bounce.

18.36 W. C. Spalding, John Dounce, Benjamin Cogswell.

is.i7. W. C. Spalding, Benjamm Cogswell, John Miller.

18:j8. Benjamin Cogswell, John Miller, John Fuller.

18.39. John Fuller, Henrj- Terry, Lemuel Morse.

lS10..John Fuller. Lemuel Morse, John B. Wiibor.

1841.. Lemuel Morse, Samuel Atherton, Nathan W. Spears.

1842. .Samuel Atherton, Joseph C. Curtiss, Stephen Russell.

1843.. Joseph C. Curtiss, Stephen Russell, Rouse Bly.

1844..Sameasinl843.

1845. Joseph C. Curtiss, Rouse Bly, James Smith.

1S16. Rouse Bly, James Smith, Benjamin Benson.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

184T.. James Smitb, Benjamin Benson, Justus Brown.

1&48.. Benjamin Benson, Justus Brown, Samuel W. Boalt.

1849. Justus Brown, S. W. Boalt, Smith Btarr.

1850.. S. W. Boalt, Smith Starr, D. E. Merrill.

1851 . .Smith Starr. D. E. Merrill, Dean Clapp.

18V2. .D. E. Merrill, Dean Clapp. James Wilson.

185;j. .Dean Clapp. James Wilson, James Hamilton, Jr.

1851. .James Wilson. James Hamilton, Jr., Barnett Roe.

1855. James Hamilton, Jr.. Barnett Roe, S. W. Edwards

1850..Baruett Roe. S. W. Edwards. S. H Gibson.

18.5-.. S. W. Edwards. S. H. Gibson, D. H. Manville.

1858. .S. H. Gibso.n. D. H. ManriUe, J. H. Niles.

1859, 1800. ]8t;i..Same as in IfoS.

1863.. D. H. Manville. J. H. Kiles. George Silliman.
186-3.. J. H. Niles, George Silliman, E. Bogardus.
1864.. George Silliman, E. Bogardus, C. C. Canfleld
1865. 1866. 1S67. Same as in 1864.
186.S..E. Bogardus, C. C. Canfleld. J. H. Beelman
1869. C. C. Canfleld. J. H. Beelman, James W. Martin.
18:o..J. H. Beelman, A. Brightman. Halsey Hubbard.
I'^ri. I'^r,', 1-r:!, Same as in ISTO.

1-74 .\ B.iu'litiuan. Halsey Hubbard, A. C. Williams.
1-:- H.i:»ty Hubbard, A. C. Williams, A. D. Stotts.
]-:'■ A C. Williams. A. D. Stotts. W. W. Stiles,
isrr, isr.s.saraeasinisro.

ERIE COUNTY OFFICERS.

1855.. Horaces. Bill
1861.. .John J. Peufield
1863.. George N. Penfleld.

18:j-<..H. W. Conklin.
1840..Wm. Xeill.
1841 . . Orlando McKnight .
184B..Geo. W.Smith.

1850.. F.M. Follett.

18.5-i.. Charles H. Botsford.

1864.-George O.Selkirk
lsr0..O. C. McLough.
I'iTB ..Wm. Affleck, who is the
present iucumbent .

1856.. F. M. Follett.
I860-.. Geo. W. Smith
1867..Ebenezer Merry,

TKEA.SIKEK.S

1!<43.. Samuel
1844.. Earl Bill
1848.. John B. Wilbor
1850.. John W. Sprague.
l8.53..Thos.S. Fuller.
18M.. Holly Skinner.

1870... James S. Chandler.
1872.. Jas. D. Chamberlain.
1877.. R. Turner, the present

PKOSECITIXG ATTORXEY.S.

ISS^.John F. Campbell.
1840.. Francis D. Parish.
1.S43.. Morris Homan
184:)..$. F.Taylor.
Hi-i.A. W. Hendr>--
1H.VJ . , John Macke.T

WJH.. Harvey Long.
1840. .Zalmuna Phillips.
1843. .Ebenczer Warner.
1846.. Isaac Fowler

1840..C.B. Squire
l'^4.E. Merry.
1850. Charles Wilbor.

I>:i8. .S. H Smith.

1840. W. H.Smith.

1841. J. B. Darling.
1845. Alvin Brooks.
1847. J. B. Darling

1858. .Fred. F. Smith.
1860..D. S. Worthington.
1864 Jesse S. Davis.
1866.. D. S. Worthington.
1870..CharlesH. Botsford.
S. Worthington

M. L. Starr.

KECORDEKS.

1853..Jas. W.Cook.
1863.. John W. Reed.
1868..Wm.A.Zill,stUlinc

1875. .A. W. Judson

1876 .. George Morton .

1879. .A. W. Judson, the present

COMMISSIOXEKS.
^tniuel B. Carpenter, Nelson Taylor, Zara Patch. Wm. B. Craighill
Jiio B. Fuller, Wm. Gill, Isaac Fowler, Philo Adams, Harvey Long,
B. D. Turner, Ara Sprague, Boiirdett Wood. Harvey Fowler, Elihu
P Hill, Harry Sprague, Myron Se.\ton, Joseph Otis, Jno. P. Dego,
John Summers, C. Beardsley, Rice Harper, Isaac McKtsson, Robt.
Bennett, G. M. Darling, Calvin Caswell, D. G Taylor, Wm H.
Crane, E. White. W. S. Webb, Louis Wells, Stark Adams, W. W.
Miller, Oustavus Graliain.

CHAPTER XV.

POLITICAL HISTORY.

In a republican stronghold like Huron county the
attempts to make Kansas a slave State were viewed
with the deepest interest and alarm. In common
with those of other communities in the free North,
many of her young men emigrated thither, prepared
to fight, if necessary,' to prevent such attempts from
being successful. A Kansas Aid Socifety was formed
with committees for each township, and a central one
for the county, the object being to aid the free State
cause by sending thither men armed with Sharpe's
rifles. As early as April 2-2, 18.56, G. T. Stewart
reports that the township committees had paid over
to him three hundred and eighteen dollars and ninety-
oue cents for the cause. Later in the season, about
one hundred of the citizens of the county contributed
to the fund, in sums of five dollars and upwards, and
the published statement shows contributions amount-
ing in all to one thousand and forty-six dollars and
eighty-nine cents up to October 21. 1856.

The following is the vote of Huron county for
president of the United States frem the year 1832,
wheh Andrew Jackson was elected president, up to
and including the last presidential election:

1833— Henry Clay, whig .'. . . 1,646

Andrew Jackson, democrat 1,035

William Wirt, ami-masonic 11

18:36-Wm. H. Harrison, whig 2,798

Martin Van Buren, democrat 2,143

1840— Wm. H. Harrison , whig 2,291

Martin Van Buren, democrat 1,531

Jas. G. Bimey, abolition 34

(The reduced vote of 1840 compared with that o£ 18-36. is explained

by the fact of the formation of Erie county in 1838).

1844— Henry Clay, whig 2,564

James K. Polk, democrat. ' 2.136

James 6. Bimey, abolition 138

1848— Zachary Taylor, whig, 1,950

Lewis Cass, democrat 1,769

Martin Van Buren. free soil 876

1852— Winfield Scott whig a.-U2

Franklin Pierce, democrat 1,819

John P. Hale, free soil Sm

1856— John C. Fremont, republican 3,468

James Buchanan, democrat, 1.709

Millard Fillmore. American ... , 54

Republican plurality 1,759

1860— Abraham Lincoln, republican 4.107

Stephen A. Douglas, democrat a,nS3

John Bell, union 37

Lincoln over Douglas 2,027

1364— Abraham Lincoln, republican 4.441

George B. MeClellau, democrat 2.U90

Lincoln's majority 2,351

1868— nysses S. Grant, republican 4,019

Horatio Seymour, democrat 3,24;j

Granfs majority 1.T76

1872— Ulysses S. Grant, republican 3.813

Horace Greeley, democrat and liberal 3,18.'

Jeremiah S. Black .W

Charles O'Connor 19

Grant over Greeley 1.6.30

1S76— Rutherford B. Hayes, republican, 4,.">04

Samuel J. Tilden. democrat, 3.014

Peter Cooper, greenback 1

Green Clay Smith, prohibition . . 67

Hayes over Tilden 1,490

The votes cast for each candidate at the several
presidential elections held since the organiziitum of
Erie county, have been as follows:

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

1K40— William Henry Han-isou, wliig l.i-U

Martin Van Bureu, democrat 1,042

James G . Birney , abolition g

im4— Henry Clay, whig r I,4i8

James K. Polk, democrat 1,261

James G. Birney, abolition 65

1S48— Zachary Taylor whig 1,409

Lewis Cass, democrat 999

Martin Van Buren, free soil 681

1S.W— Winfield Scott, whig 1,589

Franklin Pierce, democrat 1,404

John P. Hale tree soil 275

1S56— John C. Fremont, republican 2 258

James Buchanan, democrat 1.377

Millard Fillmore, American 75

Fremont over Buchanan 881

ISCO-Abraham Lincoln, republican 2,886

Stephen A. Douglas, democrat 1,538

John Bell, unionist 28

Lincoln over Douglas 1,348

1.SG4— Abraham Lincoln, repub lean 3,032

George B. McClellan, democrat 1,829

Lincoln's majority 1,203

IStiS— Ulysses S. Grant, rep.iblican .1.130

Horatio Seymour, democrat 1,884

Grant's majority 1,216

1872— Ulysses S. Grant, repub ican 2,905

Horace Greeley, democrat and liberal 2,287

Scattering 19

Grant over Greeley 618

1S7H— Rutherford B. Hayes, republ can 3.158

Samuel J. Tilden, democrat 3,112

Peter Cooper, greenback 115

Green Clay Smith, prohibition 8

Hayes over Tilden . 46

The following shows the strength of each party in
each township of the two counties at the last presi-
dential election:

ERIE COUNTY.

■^

3 a

rS 1

Berlin

31 S

151

:«

Vermillion

170

245

194

127

Sandusky—

First Ward...

131

285

294

167

Second Ward

303

Kelley s Island

Third Ward .

247

316

Milan^

166

Fourth Ward

19:1

M2M

Margaretta ....

2V4

Fifth Ward..

lli9

172

Totals

31.58

3112

pIS:::;:::;

115 i

HURON COUNIY.

Norwich 1.55

Peru 93

Plymouth 83

Richmond 1 28

Ridgefleld 270

Ripley 204

Sherman 31

Townsend 262

Wakeman 210

Bronson 173 90

Clarksfleld 221 51

Fairfield 264 89

Fitchville 180 34

Greenfield 142 92

Greenwich. ... 203 82

Hartland 202 42

Lyme 119 134

New London... 350 104

New Haven... 156 213 .. .. — —

Norwalk 91 644 1 20 Totals 4501 3 014 ^ 1 67

HURON COUNTY — VOTE FOR GOVERNOR.

In the following table of votes cast for governor,
the names of the whig or republican candidate is
given first, and the democratic candidate second.
From 184-4 to 18.5.3, the third party is the abolition or
free-soil. In 1855, one hundred and thirty-four votes
were cast for the ticket of the native American, anti-
Catholic, or know-nothing party, as it was called:

1816— Thomas Worthington, whig 40

E. A. Brown, democrat 42

1818— James Dunlap, whig 71

E. A. Brown, democrat 332

1820— VV. H. Harrison, whig 4S

E. A. Brown, democrat 449

1822— Jeremiah Morrow, whig 96

Allen Trimble, democrat 490

Irvin , 312

1824— Jeremiah Morrow, whig 165

Allen Trimbif, democrat 629

1826- Alexander Campbell, whig 433

Allen Trimble, democrat 0.52

1828— John W. Campbell, whig 446

Allen Trimble, democrat 973

1830— Duncan McArthur, whig 1,013

Robert Lucas, democrat 431

1832— Dariu? Lyman, whig

Robert Lucas, democrat

1834— James Findlay, whig 1.583

Robert Lucas, democrat 1.117

1836— Joseph Vance, whig •

Eli Baldwin, democrat

1838-Joseph Vance, whig 2,5i)6

Wilson Shannon, democrat 2,.366

1840— Thomas Corwin, whig 2.205

Wilson Shannon, democi'at ... 1,6.50

1843— Thomas Corwin, whig 1.975

Wilson Shannon, democrat 1.796

1844 — Mordecai Bartley , whig 2 445

David Tod. democrat 2,149

L. King, abolition 181

1846— William Bebb. whig 1.960

David Tod, democrat 1,517

Samuel Lewis, abolition 367

1848— Seabury Ford, whig -2,135

John B. W^eller, democrat 1,682

1850— Wm. Johnston, whig 2,120

Reuben Wood, democrat 1,718

Edward Smith, abolition 349

1851— S. F. Vinton, whig 1,704

Reuben Wood, democrat l.e'03

Lewis, abolition 470

18.53— Nelson Barrere. whig l,]03

William Medill. democrat 1,705

Lewis, abolition 1,277

18.5.5— Salmon P. Chase, republican 1,295

William Medill, democrat 1,277

Know nothing 134

18.57— Salmon P. Chase, republican 2,9.53

H. B Payne, democrat 1,568

1859— Wm. Dennison, republican 2,934

R. P. Ranney, democrat 1.568

1861— David Tod, republican 3,158

Hugh J. Jewett. democrat ],2]r

186.3— John Brough, republican 4,453

C. L. Vallandigham. democrat 1,775

1865— Jacob D. Cos. republican 3,203

George W. Jlorgan, democrat 1,944

1.867— R. B. Hayes, republican 3,683

Allen G. Thurman, democrat 2,273

1869-R. B. Hayes, republican 3.393

George H. Pendleton, democrat 2.112

1871— Edward F. Noyes, republican '. 3.S29

George W. McCoot, democrat 2,070

Gideon T. Stewart, prohibitionist 140

1873— Edw«rd F. Noyes, republican 2.633

W'illiam .\llen, democrat 1,829

Gideon T. Stewart, prohibition 332

Isaac Collins, liberal 28

1875— R. B. Hayes, republican 3.873

William .\llen, democrat 2,687

Jay Odell. prohibition . . 128

1877- Wm. H. West, republican 3.734

Richard M. Bishop, democrat 2,454

H. A. Thompson, pi ohibition 138

Stephen Johns, grtenback 239

ERIE CorXTV — VOTE FOR GOVERNOR .SINCE 18-40.

1840— Thomas C 01 win whig

Wilson Shannon democrat
1842— Thomas Corn in w hig

Wilson Shannon, democrat

L. King, 'al olition
1S14— Mordecai Bartlev whig

David Tod democrat

L. King, abolition
1H16— William Bebb whig

David Tod democrat

Lewis, abolition

HISTORY OF HUROK AND EKIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

1»48— Seaburs- Ford, whig 1,392

John B. Weller, democrat 1,118

1830-WiUiam Johnston, whig 1,192

Reuben Wood, democrat 1,196

Edward Smith, abolition 107

1851— S. F. Vinton, whig 1,149

Reuben Wood, democrat 1,304

Lewis, abolition ITO

1833— Nelson Barrere, whig 873

William Medill, democrat 1,197

■ Lewis, abolition 408

1.S55— Salmon P. Chase, republican 1,564

William MedUI, democrat 1,123

American 68

1857— Salmon P. Chase, republican 1.916

H. B. Payne, democrat 1,4-39

1859— William Dennison, republican 1,983

■ R. P. Ranney, democrat. 1,535

1861— David Tod. republican 2,164

Hugh J. Jewett, democrat 836

1863— John Brough, republican 3,412

C L Vallandigham. democrat 1403

lKfi5-J. D Cox. republican 2,143

George W . Morgan, democrat 1,651

1867— R. B Hayes, republican 2,480

A . G. Thurman. democrat 1,989

1869— R. B. Hayes, republican 8,311

George H Pendleton, democrat 1,848

1871— Edward F. Noyes, republican 2.231

George W McCook, democrat 1,555

G. T Stewart, prohibition 38

1873— E. F. Noyes, republican ' 1,988

William Allen, democrat 1,588

G. T. Stewart, prohibiten 75

Isaac Collins, liberal 77

1S7.5— R B Hayes, republican 2,891

William Allen, democrat 2,657

Jay Odell, prohibition 13

1S77— William H West, republican 2,424

R M Bishop, democrat 2,486

Greenback 377

Prohibition 23

CHAPTER XVI.

STATISTICS.

Ix the year 1S03 uu euiinieratiou was taken of the
white males iu Ohio, the number reported being
twelve thousand and eighty-eight, of which one thou-
sand one hundred and eleven, representing about four
thousand inhabitants, were returned from Trumbull
county. The census of 1820 shows the population of
Huron county to be six thousand six hundred and
seventy-five, and a census taken in 1827, presumably
the work of the township assessors, and published in
the Xorwalk Rejwrter of June 9, 1827, gives the
population of each township, — the total for the county
being nine thousand one hundred and sixteen. The
census of 1830 gives a population of thirteen thousand
three hundred and forty-one.

The maximum population of the county seems to
have been reached in 1860, and is an illustration of a
fact often dwelt upon by statisticians, — that the
popular belief that the older a country is the more
thickly populated it becomes, is not always well
founded. For the past thirty years the increase of
population lias been almost wholly in the towns and
villages. Indeed, most of the townships have lost,
many of them actually having les.f inliabitants than
in 1840.

It is not the purpose of a work like this to point
out the causes of this depopulation of the farming

districts, but it is worth while to remark that the
work of clearing the woods, in a heavily timbered
country, requires many strong hands. Every farm
had to be literally chopped out of the woods: houses,
barns, fences, and roads had to be built; hence
there was employment for a large surplus pojjulation,
who, when their services were no longer required,
were forced to seek new locations. Another explana-
tion may be found in the fact that some people when
they get the "western fever" are never satisfied.
First they remove to Ohio, and try their fortune here
awhile, but not finding any easy way to get rich, pull
up stakes and go to Indiana; there they find the chills
and the water to be very bad, and they go to Illinois
or Iowa, where something else is not to their liking,
and they move on t^ Kansas and perhaps are soon
en route for some other locality; and so they journey
on, in their nomadic wanderings, until starvation and
death overtake them. A third reason is the extensive
use of labor-saving machinery. A fourth is the
substitution of cattle and sheep raising and dairying
in place of raising corn, grain and potatoes: while
the diminution of population by reason of the war
is still another reason.

Bronsnn

Clarksfield

Fairfield

FltchviUe

Greenfield

Gr enwich

Hartland

Lyme

Bellevue Village, that part situated

ated in Lyme

New Haven

New London

New London Village

Norwalk

Norwalk Village

Norwich

Peru

Richmond

Ridgefield

Monroeville Village

Riple.y

Sherman

Townsf'nd

Wakeman

1840
1.291

1850 1860 1870

1 2-30 1,246

Totals.

I 616 as, 532

The population of Erie county was.

18.568 1870.

Of the Huron county population, census l.sTii,
k'ere born in

NeWiork 3,1

Germany 1,1

England and Wales f

Of the Erie coimty pi
were born in

Ohio

Pennsylvania

New York

Virginia and West Vnginia

British Ar
France...
Scotland .

Colored .

Ireland

England and Wales

Britii'h America ... .

France

Scotland

Colored .

HISTOEY OF HUEON AND EEIE COUISTTIES, OHIO.

PROPERTY VALUES — HL'RON COCNTY.

At the meeting of the State Board of Equali-
zation in 1826, the fourteenth district, including
Cuyahoga, Medina, Eichland, Huron, Sandusky and
Lorain counties, were represented by James Hedges.
The average value of land per acre was fixed at two
dollars and eight cents. Total value of lands, one
million forty-seven thousand five hundred and sixty-
one dollars; value of town lots, etc., seventy-five
thousand one hundred and fifteen dollars. At the
meeting in 1835, the value of houses, mills, etc., was
returned at sixty-five thousand three hundred and
eighty-one dollars; average value of land per acre
fixed at three dollars and twenty -five cents; value t)f
town lots, buildings, etc., as returned, tAvo hundred
and twenty-six thousand eight hundred and three
dollars. Total value of real property fixed at one mil-
lion nine hundred and eighty-two thousand and fifty-
four dollars; personal jiroperty, two hundred and
seventy-one thousand seven iiundred and nine dollars.

In 1841, Huron county was represented by Ebrenger
Warren. Value of town lots, etc., as returned, ninety-
one thousand one hundred and sixty-one dollars;
average value of land per acre fixed at three dollars
and twenty-four cents; total value of real property,
one million one hundred and seventy-six thousand
and three dollars.

In 1846, Huron county was represented by Charles
Standart, of Erie county. Average value of land per
acrefixed at twelve dollars and twenty-four cents; value
of towns, three hundred and one thousand six hund-
red and fifty-two dollars; total value of real property,
four million one hundred and thirty-two tliousand
six hundred and twenty-three dollars.

In 1853, the thirtieth senatorial district, composed
of Huron, Erie. Sandusky and Ottawa counties, was
represented in the State Board, by John B. Wilbor,
of Huron, Erie county. The following are the
equalized valuations: Land per acre, twenty-one
dollars and twenty-two cents; value of towns, six
hundred and eight thousand six hundred and eight
dollars; total value, seven million two hundred and
sixty thousand six hundred and forty dollars. The
highest valuation per acre was for Bidgefield town-
ship, thirty-one dollars and three cents; valuation of
Bcllevue, buildings and lots, one hundred and one
thousand six hundred and seventy dollars; Monroe-
ville, ninety-three thousand nine hundred and ninety
dollars; Xew Loudon, twenty-two thousand three
hundred and fifty dollars; Norwalk, three hundred
and forty-two thousand and ninety dollars.

PROPERTY VALUES— ERIE COUXTV.

The first State Board of Equalization, after the
organization of Erie county, was held at Columbus
in 1841. Valuation of town lots, etc., as returned,
one hundred and twenty-six thousand six hundred
and twenty-two dollars; value of laud ])er acre fixed
at three dollars and ninety-nine cents; total valuation

of real property, seven hundred and eighty-one
•thousand nine hundred and thirty eight dollars.

In 1846, Erie comity was represented by Charles
Standart. Value of land per acre fixed at thirteen
dollars and thirty-six cents, being more than three
times the amount at which it was fixed only five
years before; value of towns, nine hundred and thirty-
six thousand seven hundred and twenty dollars; total
value of real property, three million forty-eight thou-
sand one hundi'ed and two dollars.

In 1853, the thirtieth senatorial district, composed
of Huron, Erie, Sandusky and Ottawa counties, was
represented in the State Board, by John B. Wilbor,
of Huron, Erie county. The following are among
the equalized valuations: Average value of land per
acre, twenty-four dollars and eighty-nine cents; total
value of land, three million eight hundred and eighty-
nine thousand five hundred and thirty-six dollars;
Sandusky City, one million seven hundred and thirty-
two thousand five hundred and fifty-eight dollars;
other towns, three hundred and seventy-two thousand
six hundred and ninety-four dollars.

AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS.

Among the noteworthy crops raised in Huron
county, the following are taken from the State Agri-
cultural Eeport of a few years since, and illustrate
the fact that the soil of this portion of Ohio is rarely
surpassed in fertility and productiveness. The crops
given were those upon which premiums were awarded
by either the State or county agricultural societies,
and were, it is understood, based on sworn and veri-
fied statements and measurements. In the year 1850,
Lemuel Morse raised four acres of wheat; average
yield fifty-two bushels per acre. . In 1852, William
Bacon raised four acres of wheat; average yield per
acre forty-five bushels. The yield of other crops has,
on several occasions, been equally remarkable accord-
ing to the same authority. In 1850, D. A. Baker
raised on seven and a half acres — one hundred and
thirty-five bushels of oats per acre. In 1852, B. B.
Jackson comes to the front for that year, and reports
one hundred and three bushels of oats raised on one
acre; two years previously the same gentleman raised
one-half acre of potatoes which yielded at the rate of
four hundred and thirty-three bushels per acre.

THE WHEAT CROP — HUROX COUNTY.

Year. Acres. Bushels. Year. Acres. Bushels.

1850 21,832 411,604 1S6.5 lo.OSi :T7,366

1852 17,981 2:j-2,581 1866 14,566 133,2.33

1854 11,153 18.036 1867 14,299 180,701

1855 6,07- 66,817 1868 17,963 247,372

1856 6,593 80,150 1869 21,740 524,520

1859 20,478 219.059 1870 20,455 221,790

1860 19,630 265,865 1871 17,083 313,264

1861 21,095 238,286 1873 20,575 298,071

1882 25,53:} 413,030 1874 33,952 421,062

1863 21,800 300.577 1875 24,7« 332,1.^)3

1864 17,847 152..T03 1876 21,197 324.291

THE CORN CROP — HURON COUNTY.

Year. Acres. Bushels. Year. Acres. Bushels,

1850 22.806 878,143 1865 21,524 762,342

1855 3:,.312 1,074,448 1870 27.419 1.131,891

1860 28,075 96.3,876 ' 1875 28,904 1,002,220

HISTOEY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

In 1853, the yield of corn was only three hundred
and thirty-two thousand seven hundred and eighty-
nine bushels. The average yield for fifteen years —
1850 to 1864 — was seven hundred and eighty-one
thousand one hundred and ninety bushels. Tlie
amount raised in 186.3 was five hundred and thirty-
five thousand bushels, and in 1865, seven hundred
and sixty-two thousand three hundi-ed and forty-two.

THE

VVHE.\T CROP

—ERIE

COUNTY.

Year.

.icres.

Bushels.

Year.

.A.cres

Bushels.

1850....

... 13 5T8.

397.587

1865...

.... 8,!i:347..

.... 8.5,653

1853...

.. 9,789.

162 814

1866...

.... 7,344...

.... 75 567

1851....

... 6,698.

31,149

1867...

.... 7 795...

.... 113.185

1855....

... .3,740.

50.599

1868....

.... 9,814...

.... 136,371

1856...

... 3 990.

.50.035

1869. . . .

.... 9,844...

... 203,436

1859....

... 10 513.

.. .. 175,312

1870...

9 655...

.... 160,459

... W 105.

350.711

1871....

.... 9.784...

... 170 038

1861....

... 14 478.

2.36 842

1873....

.... 13,765 ..

.... 234 478

1862....

... 16.966.

393,960

1874...

16 638...

.... .329 661

1863,...

... 15.899.

250,041

1875..

... 16 035...

.... 295 611

18«....

... 11,961.

62,020

1876...

.... 14 184. .

... 316,846

THE

CORN CROP-

-ERIE

COUNTY.

Year.

Acres.

Bushels.

Year.

Acres.

Bushels.

1850....

... 14,569.

615,122

1865.. .

.... 14.748...

... 501 333

1855....

... 31, .396.

737,427

I.'<70..

19,185.. .

.... 713,529

1869....

... 32.236.

919.983

1875...

.... 10 3a8...

.... 780,121

The crop of 1853 amounted to only four hundred
and thirty-nine thousand four hundred and seventy-
nine bushels. The average for fifteen years, 1850 —
1864, was sixteen thousand seven hundred and
twenty-four acres, with a product of five hundred
and fifty-six thousand three hundred and fifty
bushels.

TAXES — HURON COUNTY.

The total amount of taxes in Huron county in 1821,
on personal and village property, was as follows:

-hin

New Jerusalem, (town plat)

I-!^

BeattyCtown

I J,

41 83

Pekins

36 90

City of San

Oxford

70 101^

9 39

Sherman

Macksville .

1 90

Qreenfield

.33 80

Clarksfteld .

11 70

Black River

33 50

Elyria

33 85

18 10

Xorivalk.

Norwalk, (town niati .

63 48

New Haven

(town plat 1

. 13 50^

Lyme

4080

14 6S

31 .35

1,0.56 36H

New London

Eldridge

East half of Venice

Total amount

ftl.ll78 no

Amount of deductions as per return of Ezra Sprague 304 .52

Amount to be paid to the treasurer 773 48

Total land tax of Huron county, in 1821, was 7,831 68

Grand total tax for 1831 88,605 10

Huron county, in 1821, embraced a large i)art of
the present county of Lorain, in addition to the whole
of the Fire-lands.

INTERNAL UEVENUE.

During the war various jilans of taxation were
resorted to, in order to help defray its immense cost.
The amount of money realized in this way from Huron
county, was veuy large. From July 1, to December
31, 1865, the internal revenue receipts from Huron
county were two hundred and fifty-eight thousand
and ninety-three dollars, while the receipts from Erie
county for the same period were ninety-six thousand
six hundred and ninety-five dollars. By far the
largest amount of this was collected from the dis-
tilleries located at Monroeville and Bellevue. The
tax collected from them for the month of May, 1864,
was one hundred and fifty-eight thousand one hund-
red and sixty dollars and thirty-six cents, of which S.
V. Harkness paid sixty-nine thousand one hundred
and thirty-two dollars; Woodward & Littlefiekl, thirty-
eight thousand five hundred and fifty-five dollars,
and D. M. Harkness & Co., twenty-eight thousand
one hundred and fourteen dollars.

The amount paid by S. V. Harkness for excise on
licjuors manufactured from February 21, 1863, to
December 31, 1864, was three hundred and twenty-
one thousand one hundred and eighty-one dollars and
eighty-nine cents, and for a period of over four
months — fi'om August 11 to December 20, 1864,
the distillery was not running. Of the two hundred
arid fifty-eight thousand and ninety-three dollars
internal revenue for Huron county in the six months
ending December 31, 1865, the various distillers
paid one hundred and eighty-one thousand four
hundred and fifty-seven dollars, the amount paid by
each being as follows: S. V. Harkness, fifty-nine
thousand five hundred and fifty-seven dollars; H. JI.
Sinclair & Co., forty-four thousand one hundred and
fourteen dollars; A. Woodward, thirty-five thousand
seven hundred and forty-nine dollars; Clary & Co.,
twenty-two thousand si_x hundred and thirty-three
dollars; LaBarre & Packard, thirteen thousand eight
hundred and fifty-one dollars; C. P. Prentiss, six
thou.-:and five luindred and fifty-one dollars,

.scHtluL STATI^TICS — HURON COUNTY.

The Huron county School statistics for 187T, are
as follows:

Total amount of school moneys received during the year §148,789 33

Number of unmarried youth between the ages of six and

twenty-one: boys, 5.513; girls, 5,083; colored youth, 72;

total 10,097

Number between sixteen and twenty-one 3,788

Number of school houses erected during the year, 6

Cost $9,02600

W'hole number of school houses 169

Value of school property $344,7.50 00

Number of teachers employed: males, 189: females, 323;

HISTORY OF HURON AXD ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Average wages o£ teachers, per month: township primary:

Males

Females

Separate districts, males

8 36 00
S 33 00
$53 00
S 35 00

Average number of weeks schools were in session:

Township primary

Separate districts, primary

Total number of different pupils enrolled

Average daily attendance

Number of pupils in different branches o£ study:

Alphabet 813 , Natural Philosophy .

Reading 0,".) German

SpelUng 6,760 Algebra

Writing 5,:3.54 Gt-omt-trv -.

Arithmetic; 5,9iiJ

Geography " "" '

iietry.

a,:^;!

Composition 1,530

Drawing ^3»

Vocal Music l,o'J>i

U. S. History 369

ISCOME RETl'RXS, 18G-i.

The amounts given below are in excess of the si.x
hundred dollars exempted by law, also exclusive of
all taxes, dividends on bank, railroad stock, etc.
Those less than one thousand are omitted. First
district embracing Xorwalk, Ridgefield, Lyme, Sher-
man. Peru, Bronson, Hurtland, Townsend, and
Wakeman.

FIRST DIVISIOK — HIRAM RUSE, ASSESSOR.

$1,295
1,100
1,790
1.-03-2

i.ori

2,100
. 5.414

2,5(»
. 1,901
. l.:«7

. a,aio

. 1,411

. l,oon

■ M-''
. urn

. 1.000
. 21,000
. 21,000
. 1.500

: \:^

. 1,000
.120,000
. 1200
. 1,185
. 1,510
. 8,000

; l-Tr

:j,110
6,750

N— JO

. $1 801
. 2 00O
. 1 SVO
. 1,000
. 1 :399
. 1,117
. 1,981
. 1,001
. 2 4.S1

■ ' ^•■:

'. I'.IIS'.I

S. C.Perkins

J. A. Pattison

D. R.Patrick

C. E. Pennewell

A. W.Prentiss

C.P.Prentiss

D.H. Pease..
Isaac Powell , .
W. D. Roberts
R B. Russell .

Ru'ei Roby ".'.'.-'.''

^TiZ^: :....:..

H.M.Sinclair

T. R. Strong

Walter Bates

G.G.Baker

2.242

1,000

W. A Bishop

Henry Baker

C.L.Wlt

Nathaniel Chapman

2,500

. . . 4,01X1

.... s

H. Clary

Wm. Case

O.Dole

J. F. Dewev

J. C. R. Eastman

. 4.7.>1

1.186

1,276

1,186

2,603

F. A. Gilbert

W Head

1,'773

2,696

L G Harkness

L. A. Shepard

Isaac Underhill

I>. Wheaton

F. Wickham

S. T. W..r..<ester

J.V.Warner

Amos Woodward ....
Edward Williams....

H M Wooster

3 044

D. M. Harkness

Wra Humphrey

M. JI. Hester

N G Havward

3,378

4,000

1,200

3 500

D. S. Humi.hrey

S. V. Harkness.

G. JaL-..l.s..n

t^:.t!:/:;:;.:;:;.:;::;

W. R, Little

H Lrieb

1.2:51

1,01X1

1.4:i9

l.I.iO

20,000

1 856

.S.B.Martin

C. E. Xewmau

D Packard

;.::;:; 3;^

15,01X1

1.50(1

Total amount of tax.
SECOXD DIVISIO

S;J0,919.57

HX BARXES, ASSESSOR.

j.B Bisseii.;:;;::::::;;;:

H C. Breckenridge

Moses Bilstine

John O. Berrr

R Knowlton

L D. King

^^n^<^'kead:;::;:;.

Aranson Sutton

Alanson Sutton

D. W. Slocum

i;056

1.060

1,108

R. Bevier. "

A. Barrett

.1 Breniaiiiau

2675

2.706

1 168

■.•;.•;■.■ 1095

N.Carl

Mrs Cubertson

rSfSi^n"^;::::;::;;;

S Hau.'ihurst

riiiiii) ri.|.

1,004

3.90O

1 012

Ahni Yeaman." . . ; ;

■KKS, 18T0.

Erie Co.

1,206

1.458

1,500

Huron Co.

MAXrFACT

Water wheels .

AU hands

2801

801

five thousand seven hundred and thirty-tive in 18G.5,
and six thousand two hundred and seventeen in 18G2.
Usually the number has not varied more than a hund-
red from six thousand head for many years.

The number of horses in Huron county has not,
in many years, greatly varied from ten thousand, the
number in 1862 being ten thousand four hundred and
eighty-one, and a few years after being reduced to
about nine thousand six hundred.

CHAPTER XVII

THE PRESS.

The number of horses in Erie county for about
twenty years jiast lias ranged from two extremes,

Newspapers, more properly than actors, are "the
abstract and brief chronicles of the times." They
not only narrate for the people of a cotemporary age
the passing events, but embalm the facts of the pres-
ent for the information of future generations. They
put on record the present in detail, and as printing is
"the art preservative of all arts," so are the newspa-
pers the preservers and perpetuators of current iiis-
tory. They are a reflex, as a rule, of the thought and
action of their time; store-houses of facts and fancy;
treasuries of information in regard to the morals
and the men of the time in which they are edited;
unfailing indexes of public opinion, and transcripts
of the minds that make them.

While the editor of a newspaper shows to his read-
ers the various happenings in the world, and com-
ments upon them, he, unconsciously, perhaps, but
nevertheless surely, exhibits his mental and moral
nature, and so it happens that in turning over the
yellow leaves of the old newspapers of the Fire.-lands
we know something of the men who were then mana-
gers, and "read lietween the lines" the records of
their lives and the peculiar traits of their character.
A great work was accomplished by the pioneer jour-
nalists of the Western Reserve, for they, laboring
against almost every conceivable disadvantage, aided
the development of the country, and each in some
degree bettered the condition of its people by ad-
vancing their thought, and by keeping them abreast
of the world in knowledge of public affairs, politics
and principles. The history of a newspaper can-
not be written. We give only the dry facts of
a course of existence which in some cases has been
long, and in some brief, but, we can truly say, in
(dl, beneficial. The press in Huron and Erie coun-
ties has been in the hands of men worthy of their
high office, and it stands the test of comparison with
that of any similar section of country. Its record
has been one of steady development. It has kept
ahead and led the march of improvement. How
great the growth from its pioneer days, the date of
the "Rainage" press, and scanty news facilities, to
the present era of enlarged scope!

We present, in the following, a brief compilatinu of
facts in regard to the various papers of the p;ist and
present in tiie Fire-lands:

HISTORY OF IIUKOX AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

EH IE COUNTY, SANDUSKY.
THE SAXDUSKY CLAKIOX.

The i>ioiieer iiewsjjaper of the Fire-lands was first
issued upon tlie Sith of April, 1822. David Camp-
bell, who arrived from the east about 1820, associated
himself with Adouijah Chamjilin, his brother-in-law,
who, however, never became a partner, and December
15, 1821, issued proposals and a prospectus for the
publication of the Ohio Illuminator. The proposi-
tion met with favor from the very start. The business
men and tlie citizens generally, of Huron county, took
hold of the matter with spirit, and subsequently, lists
were zealously circulated throughout the village and
county in which it was reasonable to believe a constit-
uency could be secured. The project was so warmly
espoused by the people, that ]\[r. Campbell immedi-
ately began preparations for the publication of the
paper in March, as he had in his prospectus promised
to do. He had his types and press on hand by the
loth, but as the subscription lists had not been re-
turned, and being a very cautious kind of man, Mr.
Campbell delayed the publication until he could be
assured of ami>le support, and consequently the paper
was not issued until the date above giveji. In the
time intervening, between the inception of the idea
and its realization, the pioneer editor had met with
some discouraging experiences. His partner, Mr.
Champlin, who had gone east, was prevented by
sickness from returning, and a certain class of the
people, who, then as now, have no doubt of their entire
competency to conduct a newspaper better than the
editor, made objection to the name, Ohio Illuminator,
as improper; and perhaps with better reason than
ordinarily possesses fault finders, for the proprietor
seem.s to have been convinced by them, and in confor-
mity to their wishes adopted the name Sandusky
Clarion. The initial number of the Clarion was, of.
course, a folio, in size twency-four by thirty-eight
inches. It was printed upon heavy, coarse paper, in
the manner of typography then common, all of the
type in both reading matter and advertisements being
from the same font. It was printed in a small story
and a half building which stood upon the corner of
Columbus avenue and Water street, which was used
also as a dwelling by Mr. Campbell. Subsequently
the office was removed to the " Old AVhite store," and
from thence to the " Old Portland House " on Water
street, which was burned some years after.

In stating the aim of his journalistic endeavors,
Mr. Campbell spoke particularly of the deep interest
that eastern people felt in the progress and develop-
ment of the "Sandusky country." and said that he
should "spare no pains in giving such information
in regard to it as might be interesting to emigrants,"'
adding that it would " be an agreeable task, if experi-
ence shall warrant it, to correct the unfavorable
reports so prevalent in the western part of New York
and Pennsylvania relative to the unhealthfulness of
the climate." concluding by asking information in

regard to the matter. The salutatoi-y closed with the
I following paragraph, indicative of the course of the
Clarion, viz: "I am more anxious to form a charac-
ter for the Clarion, by the manner of conducting it,
than by gratuitous promises; these general i-emarks
may suffice, until time has developed the opinions of
the editors and established the reputation of the
paper."

For a quarter of a century the pioneer paper of the
Fire-lands was conducted upon the plan here fore-
shadowed, and with a degree of success that was
creditable to the sagacity and probity of its proprie-
tor. He was untiring in his •efforts to establish for
his paper a reputation for candor and straight-
forwardness, and made it much more of a neivs paper
than were most of its contemporary journals, even in
older and better fields. It was the third on the
Western Reserve — the Cleveland Herald, and the
Western Reserve Chronicle, at Warren, Trumbull
county, then existing. Mr. Campbell was for many
years sole proprietor of the Clarion, but was from the
beginning assisted in the office by his nephew, .John
K. Campbell. The latter finally became jiartner.
After a few years the nephew retired and was suc-
ceeded by George W., the eldest sou of David. As
the other two sons, Benjamin F. and Henry C, be-
came of age, tliey were received into the concern,
when the firm name was " D. Campbell & Sons."
The paper was several times enlarged, and was con-
tinued, under the control of its original proprietor
and his partners for twenty-nine years. Benjamin F.
and Henry C. died many years ago. George W. is
now, and has been, for many years past, a resident of
Delaware, Ohio. The father deceased several years
since (July 28, 1801).

Mr. Campbell was pre-eminently a man of lionest,
modest worth in private life, and in professional
capacity and the combination of admirable traits
made up a character which very naturally won and
held the respect of the people with whom about forty
years of his life were passed. He died at his residence
in Sandusky, July 28, 18(11, at the age of sixty-eight
years.

The paper that lie founded in 1822, and which was
for five years the only one in the Fire-lands, was con-
ducted under the name of the Clarion, until it had
attained the age of twenty-five years, when it was
made a daily paper, and its name was changed to the
Daily Sanduskian. In tlie year 1851, Mr. Campbell
sold the paper and printing office to Earl Bill, now
clerk of the United States district court for the
northern district of Ohio, and Clark Waggoner, after-
wards editor of the Toledo Commerrial. Tliey pub-
lished daily, tri-weekly and weekly editions under tlie
name of tlie Commerrial Bvf/isfer.

In 1852, the files of the Clarion were consumed by
fire. In 1852, Henry D. Cooke became interested in
the paper and for twelve years it was published by the
firm of Henry D. Cooke & Co. In 1855, Orville J. Vic-
tor entered the firm, taking charge particularly of the

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES. OHIO.

local and literary departments of the paper. In 1850
Messrs. Bill and Waggoner retired, and in the fall of
the same year Mr. Victor also left the concern, leaving
Mr. Cooke sole proprietor foi- a time, but in the fol-
lowing year Mr. C. C. Bill became a partner. Mr.
Cooke retired from the firm to become editor of the
State journal, and Mr. 'Waggoner to take charge of
the Toledo Blade. In May, I860, the whole estab-
lishment was sold to H. C. Johnson and A. H. Agard.
In 18G1, Mr. Bill accepted the position of United
States marshal. They sold ont in 1865 to General
Nettleton and Judge Waterbury, who published the
paper until March, 1869, when the interest of the
former was transferred to I. F. Mack, who in com
pany with Judge Waterbury conducted the Journal
until the fall of 1870, under the name of the Register
Printing Company. Judge Waterbury retired on the
1st of November, 1870, and from that date until
.1874, when Mr. John F. Mack became associated
with his brother as partner. These gentlemen con-
tinue the publication of the Register under the firm
name of I. F. Mack & Bro., and issue three editions
of the Register — daily, tri-weekly and weekly. The
jjaper is republican in politics, thoroughly edited,
enterprising in its news departments, of good tone
and high repute.

THE REPUBLICiN" STANDAKD

was established in 1832 by E. & .1. H. Brown, but
had not a remarkably long lease of life. It was de-
scribed by the Reflector as being of a super-roj^al size;
its appearance, decent: its political character, JefEer-
sonian.

THE COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER

was i.ssued for the first time in April, 18-12, by M.
H. Snyder & Co. It was discontinued in the fall.

THE DEMOCRATIC MIRROR

was started in December, 1842, by William S. Mills
and Sylvester Ross, the same type being used that
had been purchased for the Commercial Advertiser.
In 1847, John Mackey pui-chased an interest in this
paper, and the firm of Mills, Ross & Mackey con-
tinued the publication until May, 1849, when J. W.
Taylor took the place of Mr. Mackey. In 185.3 the
Mirror establishment was sold to Joseph and Field-
ing Cable, and the name of the paper was changed to
The Bay Citg Mirror. After a short time the
Cables sold out to Asa Dimmock who, after a few
months, sold to Ray Haddock, Esq. The daily edi-
tion was discontinued at this time. In ^lay, 1856,
Charles H. Ortou, formerly of the Xorivalk Experi-
ment, purchased the paper, and two years later sold
it to his son, T. S. Orton. The publication of the
paper was suspended about a year after.

THE SANDUSKY .lOlRNAL.

In the fall of 1865, Messrs. A. D. Kinney and
F. B. Culver opened a job printing office, and tiie

next year J. C. and A. D. Kinney began the publica-
tion of a weekly paper called the Sandusky Journal.
It was started as independent in politics, but in the
Greeley movement it advocated Greeley's election,
and the local candidates of that party. It is now
identified with the Democratic party.

THE INTELLIGENTE BLATT.

In 1851, Messrs. Augustus Riemmele and Herman
Ruep commenced the publication of the first German
paper in the city, and gave it the name of the Intelli-
(jenfe Blatt. Mr. Ruep was the editor. Mr. Ruem-
mele was accidentally killed on the Mad River & Lake
Erie R. R., near Castalia, in September, 1857. The
paper was continued by Ruep & Co. till 1859; Ruep
and Frederick Kelly, editors. In the latter year, the
concern was sold to Messrs. Jacob Neuert, H. Hamel-
stein and Charles Bachy. J. Lippart was the editor.
In November, of the same year, the concern was sold
to Engle tt Co., and the paper was then edited by
A. Thieme and Frederick Reidling. In May, 1861,
Mr. Beidling became the sole editor and proprietor.
The Bhltf was a democratic paper till 1854. when
it became republican.

THE BAYSTADT DEMOKRAT.

In 1856, the second German paper was commenced
by Louis Tranb, and edited by H. Ran, and was
called the Baystadt Demoh-at. In the fall of the
same year, it was sold to Frederick Hertel, sole pro-
prietor and editor. It was democratic. In 1873,
Messrs. Hertel, Senn and Ernst, who were joint
owners and editors, changing the name to the San-
dusky Democrat. About a year ago, Mr. Ernst sold
out to Mr. Senn, who is now sole owner and editor.
Several other German papers have, at different times,
been started, but failed to be sustained.
MIL.\N.

THE MILAX FREE PRESS

was started in February, ls3<i. by Warren Jenkins,
and discontinued in April of the following year, the
editor removing to Sandusky where he began the pub-
lication of an anti-masonic paper.

THE MILAX TRIBIXE

was published here from 1843 to 1851, by Clark Wag-
goner.

THE MILAX ADVERTISER.

was first issued by its present proprietor about the first
of December, 1869, as an advertising sheet until after
the holidays. It was issued weekly for six weeks, and
subsequently every fortnight for three months. Until
the first of April it was issued for free circulation,
but at that date it was made a regular publication as
a five-colum folio, the subscription being fixed at one
dollar per year. It was soon after enlarged to si.x
columns, and in June, 1875, was made a seven
column paper, and the price was advanced to one dol-
lar and fifty cents per year. Upon the 1st of January,

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

1870, the paper was clianged to the quarto form and
made five columns in size — just double the size at
which it was started, and without further increase of
price. It is now in its tenth year, and is still under
the management of its original proprietor and editor,
A. H. Balslcy, who is also the owner, manager and
editor of the Fiudlay, Hancock coiuity, JefffTnonian,
and the Attica, Seneca county, Joitrnal.

THE COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.

The first newspaper published in Huron was the
Huron Commercial Advertiser, a weekly journal is-
sued January l?th, 1837, by H. C. Gray, now a
resident of Painesville, Ohio. The press was de-
stroyed by fire December 12, 1838. Another press
was obtained, and the publication resumed March 2,
1839, and continued till April, 1842.

THE BEACON.

Tiie publication of another weekly journal, the
Huron Beacon, by Mr. Haddock, was comnijenced in
1853, and discontinued the next year.

THE TIMES.

Huron next had the benefit of the Huron Times,
published by James L. Sweeny, but as Huron patron-
age was too limited to support a literary journal of
that class, Mr. Sweeny moved to Sandusky, and com-
menced publishing a Sunday journal.

HURON COUNTY— NORWALK.

THE REPORTER.

Here was issued, in 1827, the second paper pub-
lished in the Fire-lands, the Norwalk Reporter. Its
editors and publishers were John P. McArdle and
Henry Buckingham. The former had, as early as
1814, published a paper at Clinton, Ohio, and later at
Mount Vernon, being one of the oldest printers in
the State. The Reporter was published, at a later
date, by McArdle and G. T. Buckingham, under the
firm name of G. T. Buckingham & Co., and was dis-
continued in 1830. This paper was printed upon a
Ramage press, the second that crossed the AUeghanies,
obtained in England, and first used in 1794, at Wash-
ington, Pennsylvania. It was afterwards removed to
Sandusky, and from thence to Tiffin.

THE REFLECTOR.

The Huron Reflector, now the oldest paper in the
Fire-lands, was first issued February 2, 1830. It was
published at Norwalk, upon a Stanbury, and with
new type (small pica), brought by wagon from Cin-
cinnati for the purpose. The paper was of neat ap-
pearance and large size. Its publishers and proprie-
tors were Samuel Preston and G. T. Buckingham,
under the firm name of Preston & Buckingham. Mr.
Buckingham retired upon the 1st of August, 1831,
and the publication of the paper was continued by

Samuel Preston & Co., until 1834, when the partner-
ship was dissolved, and a new firm was constitued by
Mr. Preston and his .son C. A. Preston, by whom it
was published until the death of the former in March,
1852. The paper was then published for two years
by C. A. Preston and F. Wickham, when the latter
gentleman became sole proprietor. John R. Osborne
was connected with the paper, as editor, in 1843, and
G. T. Stewart from 1848 to 1851, inclusive.

F. Wickham retained the sole ownership of the
paper until 18G5, when the proprietorship was changed
to the firm of F. & W. S. Wickham. W. S. Wick-
ham withdrew October 1, 1873, and his place in the
partnership was filled by James G. Gibbs.

The Stanbury press, of which the first editors were
doubtless very proud, gave place, many years ago, to
an improved power press, and this again was improved
upon by the introduction, in 1872, of one of the Cin-
cinnati cylinder presses, of the mammoth size. An
engine was put in at the same time, and the first
steam printing in Huron county wks performed dur-
ing that rear at the Reflector office. It was also in
1872 that the paper was changed in form from the
old fashioned folio to a seven column quarto. The
Reflector was originally independent in politics, but
about 1835 espoused the cause of the whigs, and upon
tlie formation of the republican party, became an ex-
ponent of its principles.

THE WESTERN INTELLIGENCER

was started in June, 1833, by John Kernan and
Myi-on H. Tilden, which, -about six months later, be-
coming the property of the latter, was removed to
Milan.

THE EXPERIMENT

was first tried in 1835, the first number being issued
upon August 20th, by Samuel S. Hatch and Joseph
M. Farr, and having a very creditable appearance.
It was democratic in politics, and bore conspicuously
pi-inted at the head of its columns the names of Mar-
tin Van Buren and Richard M. Johnson, as candi-
dates for the presidency and vice presidency of the
United States. The paper was strongly and fearlessly
edited. Up to August, 1843, the proprietorship of
the paper remained unchanged, but at that time Sir.
Hatch withdrew, and Mr. Farr continued alone until
the fall of 1845, wlien he sold out to Charles J. Or-
ton, Esq. Mr. Farr again became proprietor in the
year 1846, and remained in possession until 1854. In
this year James H. Rule and W. W. Redfield then
became owners of the paper, and remained in jiart-
nership until August 31, 1858, when Mr. Rule re-
tired. Mr. Redfield renuiined in charge until August,
1805, when he sold out the office to I. F. & J. L.
Clark. In May, 18G9, the paper was purchased again
by Mr. Redfield, who has since then been its exclusive
owner, though the establishment was leased to Messrs.
J. H. & C. H. Rule, on the 24th of May, 1875, for
one year. At the end of that time Mr. Redfield again
took sole control of the paper till Noveml)er, 12, 1877,

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

when C. H. Rule became a partner in the office, since
which time the publishing firm of the Experinieiit
has been Redfield & Rule.

The paper at a very early day in its existence out-
grew the modest meaning of the name its founders
chose for it, and has ever since been making advance-
ment, so that while it is by name the Experiment, it
is in reality a very thoroughly established enterprise.
It is the second oldest paper in the Fire-lands.

THE HURON COUNTY CHRONICLE

was started in March, 1875, by George B. Pratt and
E. J. Hammer, and after passing through several
ownerships, in the spring of 1878, came into the
hands of Findley & Dodds, who have since then con-
ducted it to the satisfaction of a large number of
patrons. Though young, it is well established, and
favorably known.

THE HURON COUNTY DEMOKRAT,

tiie only Germ;in newspapsr in Huron county, was
started in 1877, by Hammer & Barr, and the present
proprietor, Martin Ruff, became its owner in June of
the same year. It was started as a republican paper,
but is now democratic.

BELLE VUE.*

The newspaper, the great engine of modern pro-
gress and enlightenment, has had a history in the
village of Bellevue very like that of the early pioneer
settlers — a history of adversities and failures, and of
ultimate success. To-day there are two newspapers
in Bellevue, generously supported by as enlightened
and thrifty people as this country can boast.

The first venture was made by G. W. Hopkins, in
the fall of 1851. He opened an office in the old
Howard house — now defunct — on Jlonroe street, and
issued

THE BELLEVUE (iAZETTE,

with the still more pretentious title of Huron,
Seneca, Erie, and Sandusky Advertiser, having a
spread eagle at its mast-head, bearing a scroll
with "oijen to all" emblazoned upon it. The
paper was a five-column folio, in coarse type, de-
voted to current news and the ventilation of such
ideas as contributors were' ambitious to furnish.
C. C. Cook, at present chief of the village fire de-
partment, served in the capacity of "devil," thus
being the first "printer's devil." His most vivid
remembrance is that of his duty to ink the forms on
an old wooden Franklin press — a duty with little
sentiment and no poetry to allure him on to contin-
ued service. The people felt disposed to give the
paper a fair support, but its editor was a victim to
that human bane — strong drink; so, after a brilliant
but brief career of six months, the fledgeling per-
ished.

♦ By H. F. Baker.

In April of 1861, Mr. 0. B. Chapman opened a
printing office in Squire's block, corner of Mam and
Sanduskv streets, and issued

THE BELLEVUE

njEPEXDEXT,

a seven-column folio, devoted to general and local
news. This was the first year of the great rebel-
lion, and it would seem that the stirring events of
those times should furnish the necessary pabulum to
make it a success. But it continued only a short
time, and then perished for reasons not now apparent.
We now come to consider the first successful pajier
established in the village — one to which the town is
largely indebted for many of its most valued im-
provements, being always intensely devoted to the
Avelfare of the place and the advocacy of such public
works and measures as would secure its greatest pros-
perity. We therefore think its editor worthy of more
than a passing notice. Mr. E. P. Brown says of him-
self chat he was born at Oxford, Ohio, March 5, 184-"2,
of distressingly poor but outrageously honest parents,
and clai\iis that the laws of hereditary transmission
have not, therefoi-e, allowed him a fair chance. His
early life was one of toil, with little advantage in the
way of education, an old darkey preacher being his
best tutor, but was successful in obtaining a " sheep-
skin" in a public school and valedictory honors. He
learned the trade of printer in the office of the Oxford
Citizen at the age of fourteen, when he obtained em-
ployment in a Cincinnati Job office. He enlisted in
the Thirteenth Ohio volunteer infantry at Urbana,
Ohio, in 1861, and fought the enemies of his country
for two years, lacking a week — serving in all the en-
gagements of that regiment until the battle of Shiloh.
when a rebel bullet between the eyes placed him hors
du combat. He was left for dead, and was thus
reported, and had the pleasure of reading his own
obituary, containing much of a laudatory nature, a
privilege seldom accorded the human family; but
subsequent events show him to -be an exceedingly
lively corpse. His wound gave him an honorable
discharge from the Thirteenth, but he finally re-
entered the army in the one hundred day service as
substitute for a Dutchman, in the One Hundred and
Sixty-Seventli regiment, receiving three hundred
dollars therefor. After the close of the war, Mr.
Brown casually made the acquaintance of William
L. Meyers, of the Tiffin Tribune, who proved a
fast, firm friend, and proposed that, since Bellevue
was an excellent place to establish a paper, they
embark together in the enterprise. They did so,
but, at the end of the first six weeks, Mr. Jleyers be-
came discouraged and sold his interest to his partner
for four humlred and fifty dollars, on a year's time.
Mr. Brown himself hail had.but two years' experience
in editorial work, and never managed an office on
his own responsibility, hence he entered upon it
with fear aud trembling, almost certain he would
fail inside the first six months. The outfit of type
was purchased of the Franklin foundry, amount-

HISTORY OF HURON AKD ERIK COUNTIES. OHIO.

ing to eight hundred and twenty-three doUar.s. A
six-column Washington hand i)ress and a half-medium
Wells" jobber was purchased second hand of other
parties for two hundred and thirty-seven dollars.
This comprised the outfit. On Saturday, .August 10,
1867, the first number of

THE BELLEVrE GAZETTE

Saw the liglit. The interest taken by the business
men in the success of the paper, is shown by the ma-
terial aid they accorded it. 0. A. Willard, a leading
business man, solicited all the subscriptions. Busi-
ness men pledged one thousand two hundred dollars,
deposited in Sinclair's bank, to be paid at the first
issue,and taken in advertising during the first year,
which was conscientiously done, and made the capital
used by the energetic, intelligent and careful manage-
ment of Mr. Brown, insuring success.

At the time the first number was printed, an all-
absorbing interest gathered around the press. In-
deed, the room was full, and as the clean, handsome
twenty-four-column sheet was taken off the press,
Mr. Will.ird's rhapsody was beyond expression. Peter
Brady, present village mayor, was present, and as
deeply interested as any until, in looking over the
church notices, the blunder was discovered of dub-
bing him Rev. Peter Brady, pastor of the Catholic
church. This was too much, and any idea the editor
may have had that Mr. Brady was a member of the
clerical profession, was immediately dispelled then
and there. Proper correction being made, tiie print-
ing of the edition proceeded.

Under Mr. Brown's careful management and the
fulfilment of every anticipation the citizens may have
had as to the benefits the village would derive from
the paper, it proved an unbounded success, and all
fears on his part of a failure were dispelled like clouds
before the morning sun. In the course of the next
three years Mr. Brown purchased a Hoe cylinder rail-
road press at a bargain, one which originally belonged
to Dan Rice, and was used to print his show bills.
This enabled him to branch out in the business. He,
therefore, engaged in furnishing i-eady prints for other
offices, and introduced steam. Business increased on
his hands until Mr. Aiken, the originator of the
ready print method of publishing newspapers, made
him a very advantageous offer to accept the manage-
ment of a new^ establishment in Cincinnati, which he
did, and ultimately became as he is now the sole pro-
prietor—only another example of what pluck, energy
and good management will do.

Mr. E. J. Hammer bought the (ifnj'ttc when Mr.
Brown went to Cincinnati, entering upon its manage-
ment July 1, 1874. Mr. Hammer was not a large
man, but had large idejw aspiring to greater things
than the conduct of a one-horse country paper.
Although that was very well done, yet his more
ambitious views led him to unite with A. B. Pratt
to start the Norwalk ('hronirh whicli being a county
paper, was a step, at least, in the direction of E.\-

celsior. He finally turned the Gazelle over to his
father. Rev. George Hammer, of Van Wert, Ohio.
The old gentleman, though very kindly disposed, had
little or no practical skill in the publishing business,
hence found it an elephant on liis hands. In tlie
spring of 1877, lie sold it to Messrs. C. D. Stoner
and S. C. Thompson, the present pioprietors, under
whose care the i)aper thrives, finding a cordial,
generous support among the people of the community,
whose attacliment for an old friend was proof against
mismanagement of the former proprietors, as w^ell as
the machinations of enemies.

At the time. Mr. E. J. Hammer had started the
ClironicJe, and tlierefore contemjilated the sale of the
Gazelle, as well as removal to Xorwalk, H. F. Baker,
son of Hiram Baker, one of the early pioneer settlers
in Lyme township, proposed to buy it, l^ut unable to
agree upon the price, he decided to purchase new ma-
terial and start another paper. He had really no ex-
perience in the printing business, but his son, H. L.
Baker, had mastered some of the intricacies of the
trade in the Gazelle ofttce. and having a natural tact
for it, they together hoped to make their venture a
success. This determination was acted upon: an
office was opened in the new Union block, and on
Thursday, October 21, 1S75, tlie first number of

THE BELLEVTE LOC.VL XEWS

was issued. The pajjer flourished from the start.
Being managed with full average aljility, and by those

n I 5 5 SI!

broughi :., .:. :... .. ui.n. .,..., ^. . \,l!1 \Li>cd in all its
lore, it represents the local interests of the town with
greater intensity than any other lias been able to do.
In April, 1878, Mr. Baker purchased the old Burling-
ton stone building, contiguous to the new city hall,
and tearing down the old front, rebuilt of brick in
the same style of the city hall, which together make
as fine a block among the many fine business houses,
as the town can boast. The jiroprietors put steam
presses and an engine into their new ([uurteis, and
are now conducting a floiirisliiug businc«s.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

PLYMOUTH.

THE PLYMOUTH .VDVEKTISER

was founded October 6, 1853, by James Robinson
and D. R. Locke (Nasby. ) Two years later it was dis-
posed of to A. H. Balsley, of St. Clairsville, 0., who
continued in its management till January 30, 1869,
when he disposed of it to Mr. J. M. Beelman, of
Plymouth. Up to that time it was a seven column
folio and the only paper in that part of Richland
and Huron counties. In August, 1872, J. Frank
Beelman was admitted as a partner in the business,
and in December, 1876, he purchased the remaining
interest in the paper and is now both editor and pro-
prietor. The Advertiser has ever been a republican
paper.

MONROEVILLE.
THE MOXKOEVILLE SPECTATOR

was first issued October, 1870, by J. F. Clough,
as a seven column folio, and was enlarged to an eight
column soon after. It was subsequently made a six
column quarto. The paper was purchased by L. M.
Wilkinson September 7, 1876, and he assigned the
management to W. H. Wilkinson, who is at present
in charge.

THE MONEOEVILLE NEWS

was established October 16, 1878, by C. W. Clough
as a seven column folio, and was afterwards changed
to a five column quarto. The publication was sus-
pended in 1879. Both of these pajiers were neutral
in politics.

NEW LONDON.
THE AGIT.\.TOR.

The first paper in New London was the Agitator,
published for a short time by Mr. Brewster.

THE XEW LONDOX TIMES

was started by Charles E. Manchester, just before
the close of the war. The paper eked out an exis-
tence for two years and died for want of support.
The material was purchased by a number of New
London merchants and about a year after Manches-
ter's failure Mr. E. L. Atkinson, of West Salem,
began the publication of the Times. He was com-
pelled to suspend iu less than a year.

THE NEW LONDON RECORD

was started in 1870 by F. A. Whitmore. In 1872
he left town and George W. Runyan, the present
owner, then an employe in the office, purchased the
material and began issuing the paper as his own.
Soon after the entire office was destroyed by fire, but
upon January 1, 1873,. he began again with new mate-
rial, and succeeded so well that a year later he was
obliged to enlarge his paper to the size of an eight
column quarto.

FAIRFIELD.
THE NORTH FAIRFIELD (JAZETTE

was a short-lived paper, started in 18.57 by the Rev.
Robert McCune and J. R. Robinson. It was suc-
cessively but not successfully owned by Robinson &
Lee and by 0. B. Chapman. During its short career
the pajierwas well edited and readable.

WAKEMAN.

THE RIVERSIDE ECHO

was a small paper, started in 1873 by Melvin Lewis.
It was enlarged from a four column quarto to a six
column, and in 1875 was removed to North Amherst,
Lorain county. September 18th, 1875,

was established by G. H. Mains. The office was
sold out ill March, 1877, to A. E. Mains, G. H.
i\Iains acting as manager.

In this county pajjers have also been published
recently at Chicago Junction and Collins. The
former was known as the Herald, and its proprietor
was 0. J. Powell, formerly of Wapakonetta. The
pajjer was so short-lived as to be hardly worthy of
mention. The Collins paper was the property of
Frank Miles. It was issued as a monthly until it
reached its sixth or seventh number, and was then
absorbed by the Wakeman Independent Press.

CHAPTER XVIII.

THE PIHE-LANDS HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

The initial movement toward the organization of
the Fire-lands Historical Society was made, when,
upon May, 20, 1857, a few prominent pioneers as-
sembled informally at the court house, actuated with
the laudable desire of making an effort to preserve
from oblivion the early history of the settlement of
the "sufferers" land — a land bought with the ashes
of happy ruined homes. There were but a few per-
sons present — Piatt Benedict, Rev. Alfred Betts,
Philo Wells, Philo Adams, Seth A. Adams, Horace
Hall, P. N. Schuyler, and Harvey Fowler., After
some consultation upon the fcasibibility of effecting
an organization, the meeting was adjourned to June,
17th. But little was accomplished beside the ap-
pointment, upon motion, of the Rev. Alfred Betts,
of a committee of two persons, in each township,
whose duty it .should be to collect and reduce to
writing, all facts and statistics, in relation to the
early settlement of their respective townships, and
report the same to the secretary. Tlie committees
were constituted as follows:

\'erinillion, Wm. H. Crane, John Morgan: Flor-
ence, T. S. Fuller, D. Chandler; Wakeman, J. Sher-
man, C. Manvel; New London, J. Miller, Thomas

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Smith; Ruggles, B. Sturtevant, H. Sackett; Green-
wich, J. Barnes, S. H. Gibson; Fitchville, J. C. Cur-
tiss, R. Palmer; Hartland, Elijah Bills, D. Minor;
Townsend, D. H. Manville, B. Benson; Berlin, I.
Fowler, Z. Phillips: Huron, Rev. S. Marks, Rev. H.

C. Taylor; Milan, A. Minnse, C. B. Choate; Nor-
walk, Piatt Benedict, Dolen Read; Bronson, M. Kel-
logg, D. Warren; Fairfield, Dr. J. N. Campbell, A.
Benson; Ripley, Gen. D. G. Barker, Wm. Bacon;
New Haven, R. Bly, A. Brewbaker; Greenfield, S. C.
Parker, H. Spencer; Peru, S! Atherton, R. Eaton;
Ridgefield, Rev. E. Eaton, John Sowers; Oxford,
Wm. Parish, A. W. Pront; Perkins, J. House, Gen.
W. D. Lindsley; Portland, Hon. E. Cooke, F. D.
Parish; Margaretta, H. Fowler, Rev. C. Smith; Gro-
ton, E. Bemiss, S. Rash; Lyme, L. G. Harkuess, J.
K. Campbell; Sherman, J. Manley, C. Bloomer;
Norwich, G. H. Woodruff, J. H. Niles; Richmond,

D. Sweetland, J. Geesy; Danbury, William Kelley,
Frank Dwelly; Kelley's Island, Datus Kelley; Clarks-
field, S. Husted, E. M. Barnum.

The above committees were afterwards somewhat
changed. Z. Phillips was appointed for the township
of Berlin, m place of S. Fowler; Charles B. Sim-
mons, for Greenfield, in place of J. C. Parker; Robert
Carpenter, for New London, in place of Thomas
Smith; James Cudderback, of Vermillion, in place of
William Morgan; A. G. Stewart, of New Haven, in
place of Rouse Bly; Levi R. Sutton was added to the
committee for Peru, and William W. Pollock, to the
Ridegfield committee. A number of other changes
were made before the work assigned to the commit-
tees was completed, but they remained substantially
the same.

A grand reunion of the pioneers was held at
Norwalk on the Fourth of July, 1857, which created
much enthusiasm, and brought many of the early
settlers to a fuller realization of the importance of
gathering the early history of the settlement and de-
velopment of the country. An address was delivered
by the Hon. Eleutheros Cooke, of Sandusky.

June 17, 1857, another meeting was held, at which
the following officers were elected: Piatt Benedict,
president; William Parish, Elentheros Cooke, Z.
Phillips, Seth C. Parker, John H. Niles, vice presi-
dents; Charles A. Preston, treasurer; Philip N.
Schuyler, recording secretary; F. D. Parish, G. T.
Stewart, corresponding secretaries.

Piatt Benedict held the office of president until his
death on the -ibth of October, 1866. At the annual
meeting in 1867, Judge Zalmunna Phillips was chosen
to the office. He held it until 1875, when P. N.
Schuyler was elected president.

The objects of the Fire-lands Historical Society
as declared in the constitution, are to collect and pre-
serve in proper form tlie facts constituting the full
history of the Fire-lands; also, to obtain and preserve
an authentic and genenil statement of their resources
and productions of all kinds.

In pursuance of this object, the society held annual

and quarterly meetings, which were addressed upon
topics of historical interest, by the prominent pio-
neers; established a valuable cabinet of curiosities,
and began the publication of The Fire-Lauds Pioneer.
This publication was first issued in the form of a neat
pamphlet, from the press of the Sandusky Register,
in 1858. Thirteen volumes have been issued, — the
last bearing the date July, 1878 — containing sketches
of the townships, personal memoirs, dissertations
upon various appropriate subjects, obituaries of de-
ceased pioneers, and miscellaneous selections of in-
teresting matter.

The society has performed a work which can only
with difficulty be appreciated by those who have had
no practical knowledge, through experience, of the
arduousness of the task. The meetings have been
held with regularity, and have been prolific in good
results, among which the chief is, perhaps, the fur-
therance of social well being, the creation of new and
the strengthening of old friendships, the awakening
of sympathetic feeling, and the revival of happy
memories of the olden time. The work of securing
from oblivion the facts of the early settlement of
the country, and the memoirs of the sturdy, brave
souls who developed it, is one which will be more
fully and widely appreciated as the years roll on, and
the last of the honored pioneers of the Fire-lands has
passed over to the great majority.

AGRICULTURAL.
THE FIRST SOCIETY IX THE FIRE-LANDS.

In pursuance of a notice published in the Huron
Reflector in 1833, a meeting was held at the Court
House in Norwalk, on the last Friday of June, and
then and there was effected the organization of the
Huron County Agricultural Society, the first of the
kind in the Fire-lands. The following officers were
elected : President, Amos Woodward; Vice Presi-
dent, Timothy Baker; Directors, Lemuel Morse, Levi
Barnum, Lester Cone, John Millen, John Falton,
Aaron Corbit, Arunah Eaton, Wm. P Mason, Daniel
Beach, Charles B. Simmons; Treasurer, Eben Boalt:
Secretary, John V. Vredenburgh.

The first fair was held in the fall of 1833. An
address was delivered by T. B. Sturges, Esq. The
premium for the best acre of corn was awarded to
George Powers, who had a yield of sixty-three
bushels: best half acre of potatoes, John Daune, one
hundred bushels; best half acre beets, John \.
Vredenburgh. The only article in the line of "house-
hold utensils" on exhibition was "an improved cook-
ing stove," upon which William Gallup took a
premium.

After tlie division of Huron county, tlie society
was reorganized, and had for several years an exist-
ence under the name of the Huron and Erie Counties"
Agricultural Society. In 1852, the directors adopted
a series of resolutions, in which they expressed them-
selves as believing that the general interests of agri-

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

culture would be best subserved by the existence of
separate societies in each of the counties of Huron
and Erie. The resolutions were only adopted after a
warm debate. In accordance with a resolution that
a committee of three from each county be appointed,
to close up and adjust the funds belonging to the
society, C. E. Newman, D. A. Baker and Giles Boalt
were appointed from Huron, and J. F. Reynolds,
H. Chase and L. S. Stowe from Erie. This com-
mittee held a meeting at Milan, and reported that
they had found in the treasury 8511.10, of which
amount they gave Huron county 6S299.0G and
Erie S213.04.

The year following the dissolution (1855) was
formed the

ERIE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

A meeting was held at Huron in February, at
which a constitution was adopted and the following
officers elected : President, J. T. Reynolds; Vice
President, Harvey Chase; Secretary, F. D. Parish;
Treasurer, Charles N. Ryan; Directors, R. H. Rogers,
Margaretta ; John Thompson, Berlin ; A. W.
Prout, Sr., Oxford; Elijah Bemis, Groton; Elam
Ward, Milan.

The tlrst annual fair of this society was held at San-
dusky, in the month of October, 1855. The commit-
tee of arrangements consisted of the following gentle-
men: J. F. Reynolds, F. D. Parish, F. T. Barney,
P. Gregg and H. B. Lane. The fair was a great suc-
cess, and the prosperity of the society, in that its first
essay in the systematic encouragement of agriculture,
was the first in a now long series of successful exhi-
bitions. The society has fine grounds in Sandusky,
is generally regarded as one of the strongest local
organizations of the kind in the State, and its activity
and prosperity is constantly upon the increase.

HURON' COUXTY ACiKICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Pursuant to a call published in the county papers,
a large number of citizens interested in agriculture
met in Everett's Hall, in Fairfield, January 17, 1855,
for the purpose of eifecting the formation of a county
agricultural society. The society then and there
organized was the Huron County Agricultural Society.
G. T. Stewart, Samuel Atherton 2d, Union White,
B. T. Hunt and A. McPherson were appointed a com-
mittee to draw up a constitution, which they did to
the satisfaction of the convention, as it was immedi-
ately adopted. Fifty-two members united with the
society and signed the constitution. The following
officers were elected: Union White, president; D. A.
Baker, Benj. H. Hinkley, vice presidents; W. Mana-
han, treasurer; J. C. Curtiss, Jr., secretary.

The society held three fairs at Olena and one at
Fairfield, after which the place of exhibition was
changed to Norwalk, where it has ever since been.
Until 1872, the society had the use of grounds which
were insufficient and unsuitable for their purpose, but
in that year the present grounds were purchased of

John Gardiner, and were, sometime subsequently,
fitted up by the erection of buildings, stalls and vari-
ous improvements, at a cost amounting to eight
thousand dollars, five thousand of which was a sub-
scription fund.

In 1875, the society was still in debt over six thou-
sand three hundred dollars; and, in accordance with
an act of the legislature, and the question being sub-
mitted to the people by a popular vote, the township of
Norwalk paid to John Gardiner, from an unexpended
fund raised by taxation for railroad jiurposes, but
declared unconstitutional, the sum of six thousand
three hundred and fifty dollars, receiving from him a
warranty deed of the thirty acres of laud included in
the fair ground. The township then, through its
trustees, leased the grounds to the Huron County
Agricultural Society for a term of twenty-five years,
to expire in the year 1900, for a consideration of only
twenty-five dollars per year, the agricultural society
being bound, under forfeiture of its lease, to keep in
good condition the grounds, trees and shrubbery, to
maintain its organization, and to hold upon these
grounds annual fairs.

The first fair held upon the new grounds was in
1873, and was very successful. The committee of
improvements consisted of Giles Boalt, 0. W. Haws,
J. W. Bostwick and John Gardiner.

THE HURON COUNTY BIBLE SOCIETY,

an auxiliary of the American Bible Society, is the
oldest organization existing in the territory, at pres-
ent, included in Huron and Erie counties. It was
organized in 1825. Upon March 15th of that year,
a meeting was held in Norwalk of " sundry inhabit-
ants of Huron count}', (a number of citizens from
various and distant parts of the county.)" Piatt
Benedict was called to the chair, and Zachariah
Marvin appointed clerk. After adopting a constitu-
tion, the meeting was adjourned. On June 6th,
another meeting was held, at which the first officers
^ho served the society, were elected. They were the
following: President, Ichabod Marshall; Vice Presi-
dents, Robert S. Southgate, of Brouson; George G.
Baker, of Florence; Jabez Wright, of Huron;
Timothy Baker, of Norwalk; Amos Woodward, of
Lyme: John B. Johnson, of New London; Moor Far-
well, of Sandusky, and Ephraim Munger, of Milan;
Corresponding Secretary, Ralph Lockwood; Recording
Secretary, Zachariah Marvin; Treasurer, Milton Jen-
nings; Directors, William Kelley, of Perkins; Richard
Fally, of j\Iargaretta; Francis Strong, of Lyme;
Andrew Hanford, of Sherman: Elisha Steward, of
New Haven; Eli Holaday, of Greenfield; Harry 0.
Sheldon, of Peru: Zebediah Morse, of Ridgefield;
James Strong, of Oxford: Philo Adams, ef Huron;
Jasper Miles and Bildad Adams, of Milan; Piatt
Benedict, of Norwalk; Nathan Tanner, of Bronson;
Joseph Crawford, of Fairfield: Samuel Brown, of
Greenwich; Rundle Palmer, of Fitchville; Obadiah
Jenney, of Clarksfield; Eli S. Barnum. of Florence;

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Clark, of Vermillion; Benjamin Bailey, of

Townsend: John Fuller, of Eldridge; Justus Miner,
of Wakeman; Azel Miner, of New London; Bi-adford
Sturtevant, of Ruggles; Joseph Ramsdell, of Dan-
bury, and Gayus Munger, of York, Sandusky county.
This society celebrated in 1878, its fifty-third anni-
versary. Its life has been, as might be supposed
from its strong organization, a vigorous one, and its
work extensive and valuable.

MEDICAL.

Dr. Moses C. Sanders was the president of the first
medical society that had an existence in the Fire-lands.
This is a fact shown by the appearance of his name
signed to a call for a meeting of the society, June 4,
1822, and published in May of the same year, in the
Sandusky Clarion. Nothing further appears in re-
gard to this medical society, in the files of old news-
papers, and the records, if there ever were any, are
now undiscoverable. It is probable that the organiza-
tion had but a short life, for

THE FOfRTEEXTH DISTRICT MEDICAL SOCIETY

was organized in 1824, and as it was a large, and for
a number of years a very prosperous society, it in all
likelihood crowded the smaller one out of existence.
Following is the first newspaper mention of this or-
ganization:

Medical Notice. — Pursuant to an act to incorporate medical
for the purpose of re uJating the practice of physic and surgery in this
State, I hereby notify the medical gentlemen, resident in the counties of
Richland, Huron, Lorain, Sandusky and Seneca that a meeting will be
holden at Norwalk, the last Tuesday of May next, at ten o'clock, a.ni . , for
the purpose of organizing a medical society agreeable to said act. It is
expected that there will be a general attendance of physicians of this
district, as the eleventh section of the act provides that no person, other
than members of one of the medical societies in this State shall be per-
mitted to practice physic or surgery after the 1st of July nest.

NoRWALK, April 10, 1S34. " Daniel Tilden .

The above and the following are from the Sandusky
Clarion, the latter being in the issue of June 2, 1824.

Communication.— Agreeable to the act, on the 25th instant, came on at
Norwalk the first meeting of the Fourteenth Medical Society in this
State. The meeting was full, and upon the whole, we were much
pleased with the respectable display of parchment . At three o'clock
the gentlmen present proceeded to organize by choosing—

Dr. Tilden, of Norwalk, president: Dr Anderson, of Sandusky, vice
president: Dr. Mantor, of Elyria, secretary: Dr Fay. of Milan, treas-
urer; Dr. Lucas, of L'niontown: Dr. G C Miller, of Mansfield: Dr
Baker, of Florence; Dr. Sanders, of Peru; Dr Strong, of Blooming-
■ville. censors.

The annual meeting of 182.5 was also held at
Norwalk, a number of new members were received
and the following officers elected: Nathan H.
Mantor, president; John B. Johnson, vice i)resident;
Amos B. Harris, secretary; Lyman Fay, treasurer;
George G. Baker, Moses C. Sanders, Daniel Tilden,
Eli Dresback and Charles E. Ford, censors.

The third annual meeting was held May .30, 1826,
and the following officers elected: Moses C. Sanders,
president; George Anderson, vice president; Amos B.
Harris, secretary; Lyman Fay, treasurer; George G.
Baker, Daniel Tilden, Nathan H Mautur, Daniel
Braiuard, Jr., and Joel Luther, censors.

The fourth meeting was held at Norwalk on the
29th of May, 1827, and the oflficers elected were as
follows: Allen G. Miller, president; George G.
Baker, vice president; A. B. Harris, secretary;
Lyman Fay, treasurer; George G. Baker, William

F. Kittredge, Moses C. Sanders, Daniel Tilden, and
Eli Dresback, censors.

It was shown that there were at that time the fol-
lowing regularly licensed practicing physicians and
surgeons in Huron county: George G. Baker, Daniel
Tilden, M. C. Sanders, George Anderson, Lyman
Fay, William F. Kittredge, William W. Nugent, C.
B. Harris, H. M. Clark, Joseph Pearce, Andrew
McMillan, Richard P. Christophers, Samuel Stephens,
Charles Smith, Samuel B. Carpenter, W. Merriman,
Lemuel Powers, and A. H. Brown, eighteen in all.
The other counties of the district together had but
sixteen.

The following are the officers for 1838 and 1829:
1828 — President, George G. Baker; Vice President,
Moses C. Sanders, Secretary, Amos B. Harris; Treas-
urer, Lyman Fay; Censors, W'm. F. Kittredge, Allen

G. Miller, Eber W. Hubbard, Moses C. Sanders,
Daniel Tilden.

1829 — President, Moses C. Sanders; Vice President,
Daniel Tilden; Secretary, Amos B. Harris; Treasurer,
Lyman Fay; Censors, George G. Baker, Nathan H.
Manter, Wm. F. Kittredge, \Vm. W. Nugent. Heurv
Kuhn.

At the meeting in 18.30, a resolution was passed
approving the efforts then making for the suppres-
sion of intemperance. Geo. Anderson was elected
President. No mention of the society can be found
later than the above years, and it is probable that the
organization was not sustained much later than the
above date — the last one given.

THE DELAMATER MEDICAL ASSOCIATION-

is the next m order. It was organized at a meeting
of the medical profession of Norwalk and the neigh-
boring towns, held at the office of Drs. Reid and
Ford, November 18th, 1858. Drs. A. N. Reid,
Thomas M. Cook, and L. Galpin were appointed to
draw up a constitution, which, at a later session on
the same day, was adopted. The constitution opened
with a preamble expressing the fittingness of men of
congenial minds and similar pursuits associating
themselves together for the promotion of kind feeling
and the free interchange of opinions, and in addition
to this general statement of the objects of the organi-
zation, prescribed certain rules for self-government,
and further exhibited its aim in tlie fifth and sixth
clauses by expressions in favor of adopting the code
of ethics of the American Medical Association, and
of constituting itself a court, before which should be
heard all complaints of breach of etiquette and all
questions of ethics. The charter members of the
association were Drs. Charles Smith, of Lyme; L.
Galpin and W. F. Dean, of Milan; Thomas M. Cook,
of Monroeville; Wm. W. Stillson and J. W. Goodson,

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

of Bellevne; A. 0. Eaton, of Peru; S. ilcCaVniou,

of Greenfield; A. N. Read, J. B. Ford and Baker,

of Norwalk. Dr. Charles Smith was elected presi-
dent and Dr. J. B. Ford secretary. The society has,
since its organization, held quarterly meetings in the
various towns of Erie and Huron counties where it
has had membei's, for the consideration of subjects
interesting to the profession, and for the furtherance
of social relations and well-being. Its constitution
has been subscriijed by many others than the few
charter members, and bears the signatures of some of
the most prominent physicians of the past and
present in both counties. It has now over twenty
active members. R. A. Severance is its president,
J. B. Ford, secretai-y, and 0. S. Kreider, treasurer.

THE ERIE COUNTY MEDK.'AL SOCIETY,

composed of the allopathic physicians of Sandusky
and vicinity, was organized, in the city just named,
in the year 18.50, its members being Drs. Daniel Til-
den, Aaron Austin, E. S. Lane, Chas. Cochran,

Robert R. McMeens and Landerdall. The

first president was Dr. Tilden, and the secretary. Dr.
Lane. The society, during the war, did not main-
tain an active organization; but when the cause of
distraction from civil pursuits no longer existed, it
was resuscitated, and has ever since remained in
active existence. Dr. H. J. Donalioe was for many
years its president, and was succeeded by Dr. P. H.
Clemens, the present incumbent. The vice presidents
are Di-s. Cook and Story, and the secretary. Dr. W.
R. Page. The society has about twenty members,
holds monthly meetings, and has done much to pro-
duce social good fellowship among members of the
profession.

TEMPERANCE.

THE HURON- COUNTY TEMPERANCE LEAGUE.

This organization was a direct outgrowtli of the
very successful local organizations in Norwalk and
other points in the county, and came into being June
7, 1850, at which time, pursuant to call, a meeting
was held in the ilethodist Episcopal Church of Nor-
walk. A preamble and pledge were adopted, and the
following otticers elected: Rev. S. C. Parker, president;
(i. F. Stewart, secretary; Charles E. Newman, treas-
urer. All of the ofticiating clergymen of the county
who became members of the organization were made
vice presidents.

After this preliminary organization, the first an-
nual meeting of the league was held at ^lonroeville,
November 8th, of the same year above designated, and
the following officers were elected: Rev. J. C. Bowles,
jiresident; Charles E. Newman, secretary; Charles
Vancise, treasurer. At the next meeting, held at
Norwalk, December Oth, the constitution was so modi-
fied as to allow all temperance societies in the county
to become auxilliary to the league. .From this time
on for several years temperance work was prosecuted
with great diligence and to excellent effect, a strong

public feeling being aroused and much good accom-
plished. All of the clergymen and other public
speakers who were willing to give their labor for the
cause were enlisted in the work; it was decided to
have one temperance address delivered in each town-
ship every three months. The following gentlemen
were enrolled as county lecturers, and made addresses
in all parts of the county dui-ing the year 18.51 and
the first quarter of 1852: Rev. C. W. C'lapp. Rev. S.
B. Page, Rev. E. S. Grumley, Rev. M'. W. Fairfield.
Rev. E. P. Salmon, Rev. F. P. Hall, Rev. R. S.
Lockwood, Rev. Mr. Boardman, Rev. Alfred Newton,
Rev. S. H. Waldo, Rev. Ira Smith, Rev. .John Kelley,
John R. Osborne, S. T. Worcester, G. T. Stewart.
Charles Kent, E. W. Tucker, DeMorris Pratt, D. H.
Beck with, Timothy Baker, Jr., C. F. Woodruff, B.
T. Hunt, B. F. Roberts. It was arranged that quar-
terly meetings should be held in various places in the
county, and that on the Fourth of July of each year
should be held the annual temperance celebration,
which should also be a patriotic reunion of all who had
the cause of temperance at heart. The speeches de-
livered in the summer of 18.51, preceding the State
election, on the adoption of the new constitution, with
a separate vote on the section prohibitmg license for
the sale of intoxicating liquors, had a great influence
in throwing the vote of Huron county upon the anti-
license side. The vote of the townships upon this
question stood as follows:

FOR AGAINST FOR AGAINST

LICENSE. LICENSE. LICENSE. LICENSE.

Bronson "116 73 Norwich 05 67

ClarksHeld 30 _ 153 i Peru 65 62

Fitchville 33 111 Richmond... 7 38

Fairfield 48 167 i RidgeHeld ... 109 89

Greenfield 8J 99 j Riplej- 47 S8

Grfenwica 76 38 I Sherman.... 56 m

Hartland 68 47 I Tovvnsend ... 108 6]

Lyme 102 57 Wakeman . . 34 6H

Norwalk ,325 223

New Haven 149 50 Total.. 1,4S0 l,t535

New London 73 113

The officers elected at the second annual meeting,
held at Norwalk, July 4, 1851, were as follows: Gen.
Jeremiah Cole, president; Charles E. Newman, sec-
retary; Edward E. Husted, treasurer.

During the excitement of the presidential cam-
paign of 1852, the meetings were mostly suspended,
but they were resumed in 1853. The following offi-
cers were elected that year, the meeting being held
July 4th, at Norwalk: James Green, president;
Charles E. Newman, secretary; Edward E. Husted,
treasurer. Following are the officers elected in later
years: 1854, Frederick Sears, president; Frederick
A. Wildman, secretary; Erastus Gray, treasurer.
1856, Charles B. Simmons, president; Charles W.
Manahan, seei-etary; Erastus Gray, treasurer. The
league was disbanded in 1857, because of the slavery
agitation, the disruption of old political parties, the
formation of new ones, and the prevalence of various
absorbing and exciting problems in the nation. No
attempt was made to revive it until 18T0. A meet-
ing was held upon the 8th of January of that year,
and the following officers were chosen: Charles W.
Manahan, president; Henry J. Baldwin, secretary;
Levi Kilburn, treasurer.

HISTOHY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

This organized league did not long continue in ex-
istence. Something was accomi)iished, but not much.
The interest died out, and the league was a second
time disbanded. After the wide-spread and intense
excitement of the crusade, in 1873, had roused the
people to an intensity of action before unknown, the
Huron county temperance league, at present in ex-
istence, was organized ujjon a strong basis, and in-
cluding all other temperance societies, both township
organizations, and those having a county breadth.
The first officers of the new league were elected at a
meeting held May 22, 1874, at the Methodist Episco-
pal church in Norwalk. They were as follows: N.
S. C. Perkins, of Noi-walk, president; ilrs. E. Sum-
ner, Bellevue; Mrs. S. T. Guard, Monroeville; Mrs.
R. C. Powers, New London; Mrs. Danforth, Peru;
Mrs. L. S. Johnson, Peru, vice presidents; Mrs. H.
Brown, Norwalk, secretary; Mrs. T. H. Drake^ Mon-
roeville, treasurer. The present officers of the league
are: Rev. C. C. Creegan, president; Mrs. H. E. Farr,
secretary; Mrs. M. A. Corwin, treasurer. The league
has constantly kept up its organization, has been one
of the most active in the State, and is, at the present
writing, in a thoroughly prosperous condition.

THE farmers' exporting COMPANY OF HURON

COUNTY,

was one of the earliest organizations effected in the
county, and was, for a short time, of considerable
importance. No records of the organization exist,
and only a little light is thrown upon the nature and
object of the society, by the brief notices that are to
be found in the files of the Sandusky Clarion. It
appears that the Farmers' Exporting Company was
organized some time prior to 1822, foi» an advertise-
ment, dated July 26th, of that year, calls a "meeting
to be held at Captain Boalt's inn, in Norwalk, for the
purpose of taking measures for the transportation of
a drove of cattle to the east.' There were many
difficulties at that early day, in getting a market for
what little could be raised in excess of consumption,
upon the Reserve, and this company assisted mate-
rially, for a few years, the farmers of the company,
who could do but little except by organized effort.
AMien, or by whom the company was formed, does
not fully appear. The directors were Luther Coe,

Ebenezer Guthrie, John McMillen, Raymond,

and Effeuctus Starr.

HURON COUNTY SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION.

The earliest Sunday school union of which there is
any record, was organized in 1825, at a meeting held
in Norwalk, and was known as the Huron County
Sunday School t^nion. It remained in existence but
a short time. The following were its officers: Rev.
John Beach, president; Rev. Enoch Conger, David
Gibbs, and Asahel Morse, vice-presidents; Ichabod
Marshall, treasurer; Zachriah Marion, secretiiry: Henry
Buckingham, depository.

The Sunday school union of Huron county, now in

existence, was organized July 29, 1803, at a meeting
held in Norwalk, pursuant to call, and attended by
a large number of the churches of the county, with-
out regard to denomination. Judge Parker, Henry
M. Holliday, C. E. Newman, Rev. J. D. McCord, S.

B. French, E. Bemiss, Rev. L. Bailey, R. G. Can-
nings, D. B. Simons, N. H. Spencer, J. L. Patton,
and Rev. G. H. Walter were appointed a committee
to draw up a constitution.

" The object of the union," as stated in this con-
stitution, "shall be to unite all evangelical christians
in the county in efforts to promote the cause of Sun-
day schools, establishing new schools where they are
needed, and awakening an increased interest and
efficiency in such as are already in operation."

The first officers of the union were as follows: N.
S. C. Perkins, president; C. E. Newman, correspond-
ing secretary; Rev. J. D. McCord, recording secre-
tary; Joel Smith, treasurer; C. E. Pennewell, Rev.

C. F. Lewis, and Rev. L. Bailey, central committee;
Rev. A. Newton, Norwalk; Mrs. Johnson, Bronson;
Rev. C. Moors, Fairfield; C. A. Willard, Lyme; Rev.
J. E. Weed, Ridgefield; John Saunders, Peru; John
Sherman, Wakeman; D. B. Simmons, Townsend; Rev.
J. H. Walter, Milan; D. Laughlin, Hartland; J. L.
Patton, Clarksfield; Judge Parker Greenfield; A.
Morrifield, New London; J. H. Niles, Norwich; Rev.
J. C. Thompson, Fitchville; Rev. F. C. Paine, Ripley;
Reuben Linden, New Haven; E. Bemiss, Groton;
Samuel Dodd, Greenwich, vice-j^residents. The Sun-
day school union, now after an active and useful ex-
istence of sixteen years, is better than ever able to
further the ends for which it was organized.

ERIE COUNTY FARMERS' INSURANCE COMPANY.

This company, for the purpose of insurance against
fire, upon the mutual plan, was organized August 13,

1877, at Sandusky, with the following charter mem-
bers: Henry Miliner, Calvin Caswell, J. B. Witter,
B. H. Rogers, T. B. Taylor, M. B. Rice, I. G. Tay-
lor, T. B. Eddy, R. F. Fowler, E. A. Beebe, Orlando
Ransom, E. W. Hughes, H. C. Norton, C. W. Liv-
ingood, W. G. Benschooten, Andrew Smith, Peter
Mainzer, C. H. Rockwell, D. H. Benschooten, J. F.
Greene, George Taylor, 0. C. Tillinghast, Reuben
Turner. The organization was perfected by the elec-
tion of the following officers: Calvin Caswell, pres-
ident; Gardner Benschooten, vice-president; Andrew
Smith, Orlando Ransom, D. H. Benschooten, direc-
tors; T. B. Taylor, secretary; Reuben Turner, treas-
urer.

THE HURON COUNTY FARMERS" INSURANCE COMPANY

is the outgrowth of a movement that began in Ripley
township, and its organization was effected March 11,

1878, the following gentlemen being the charter
members: A. D. Stotts, R. C. Johnson, James R.
Knight, A. W. Barker, A. Robinson, J. A. Fmst, W.
W. Martin, S. E. Peck, D. S. Washburne, Lorenzo

D. Keller. On the 14th of March the following offi-

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

cers were elected: A. D. Stotts, president; R. C.
Johnson, vice-president; R. C. Johnson, secretary;
James R. Knight, treasurer; S. E. Peck, J. A. Frost,
^Y. W. Martin, directors. The object of the company
is to insure its members at the lowest possible rates
consistent with sound business principles. ' During
the first year of its existence, the company has as-
sumed risks of over three hundred thousand dollars.

CHAPTER XIX.

MILITARY HISTORY OF THE FIRE-LANDS.
EIGHTH REftlMENT OHIO VOLL'XTEER IXFAXTRY.

This regiment was originally organized as a
"three months' regiment," under the first call of
the president, most of the companies having been
enlisted between the 16th and iM days of April, 1861,
and all of them arriving at Camp Taylor as eai'ly as
April 39th. On the 3d of May, all the companies hav-
ing been mustered into the service, the regiment was
ordered to Camp Dennison, whei-e it arrived on the 3d,
during a drenching rain, and many of the men, for the
first time in their lives, slept in the open air, with only
a soldier's blanket for floor, roof, walls and bed-clothes.
The regimental organization was here completed by
the appointment of the field and staff officers. In-
structions in the "drill" now commenced, and vig-
orous efforts were pat forth to fit the regiment for
service; but it soon became evident that the troops
at this camp would not be sent to the field as three
months' men, and an effort was made to re-enlist the
regiment for three years. To this every company
responded except Company I. and the regiment of
nine companies was mustered into the service for
three years, on the 32d, 25th and 26th of June.

In the following September Company I joined the
regiment at Grafton, Virginia.

On the 9th day of July, 1861, the regiment left
Camp Dennison for Grafton, Virginia, and ou the
12th arrived at West Union, Preston county, Vir-
ginia, on the summit of the Alleghany mountains
where they are crossed by the great western turnpike,
and along which Garnett's rebel army was then being
rapidly driven by McClellan's troops. For some
weeks after this, the regiment was stationed at various
l)laces among the mountains and along the Baltimore
and Ohio railroad, during which time it suffered
severely from typhoid fever. At one time over three
hundred were in the hospital, and some thirty-four
deaths resulted from the fever in a short time.

On the 21:th of September the regiment partici-
pated in an attack on Ronmey. At the " Hanging
Rock " it was exposed to a severe fire, and lost several
men in killed and a number wounded. The regiment
again participated in an attack on Romney, October
2-lth. which, being evacuated by the enemy, was occu-
pied by the troops under General Kelly until January

12, 1862. The next fight wm at Blue's Gap. In
January tlife troops were reaioved to Patterson's
creek, and the following month to Paw-Paw tunnel.

On February 14th the Eighth participated in a brisk
fight at Bloomey Gap, in which Colonel Baldwin,
with his staff and a part of his command were cap-
tured. General Lander died March 2d, and shortly
after the division was sent to the Shenandoah valley,
where General Shields took command.

On March 22d the outposts at Winchester were
attacked by Ashby, and General Shields severely
wounded. The next day the battle of Winchester
was fought. But few of the troops had ever been
undor fire, and none of them, as then organized, in
any serious engagements. Cjlonel Kimball com-
manded, a:id made" the arrangements to whip
" Stonewall " Jackson, who had arrived during the
night. The battle was one of the most severe of the
war. Jackson, toward evening, attempted to turn
our right flank, but was met by Tyler's brigade in
front, when Colonel Kimball threw several regiments
on his right flauk, and, after a desperate fight,
which, in some instancas, was hand to hand, the
enemy was routed and driven from the field. [This
was "hot" work; the writer was there, and knows
whereof he speaks.] The regimeut followed the
enemy up the valley, skirmishing at Woodstock,
Mount Jackson, Edinburgh and New Market; thence
it joined .McDowell at Fredericksburg. Here it
remained a few days, and was ordered back to the
valley again. In the meantime Banks had executed
one of those retrograde movements for which he
became e)iiinentlij coii'tpicuous ere the close of the
war.

In August following the Eig'ith was united to
the SecDnd Corps, then commanded by Sumner, and
with thiscDi-ps it continued to a:-t during the remain-
der of its service.

After much marching, skirmishing and a few
light engiigements, the Potomac was crossed at
chain bridge, and the march through Maryland
commenced which ended in the battle of South
Mountain and Antietam, near Reedyville. The
whole army was massed by the morning of Sep-
tember 16th, and a furious artillery duel commenced.
One of the first of the enemy's shots killed W. W.
Farmer, a color-sergeant of the Eighth. The cm-
nonade lasted all day. The next day the battle of
Antietam was fought. The Second Corps crossed
the river and occupied the center of the line. It did
effective work that day. In this battle the regiment
lost one hundred and sixty-two in killed and
wounded. Among the killed were Lieutenants De-
lany and Lantry, of Company B, Lieutenant H. H.
Bill, Company E. and Lieutenant C. W. Barnes,
Company D.

In the terrible battle of Fredericksburg, on Decem-
ber 13th, the Eighth formed the right wing of the for-
lorn hope. Among the killed in tiiis battle was Cap-
tain Allen, Company I. At the battle of Chancel-

HISTORY OF HUROK AND ERIE COUNTIES. OHIO.

lorsville, beginning April 28, 1803. the Eighth was
almost constantly under fire for four days, and j-et
its loss was only two killed and eleven wounded.
The brigade was at this time and subseijueutly com-
manded l)v General Carroll, and the Eighth Regiment
by Colonel Franklin Sawyer.

No further active service wa< hal until the Gettj-s-
burg cMmp.ugn. In that battle the regiment bore a
conspicuous part, capturing three stands of colors,
and losing in killed and wounded one hundred and
four officers and men. After the escapa of Lee's
army across the Potomac, the Eighth marched with
the army to the Rapidau. But we have not space to
record all the fighting done by this regiment. Suffice
it to sav, that, from this date until June 25, 1864,
when, its term of service having expired, and the
little squad, numbering but« seventy-two officers and
men fit for duty, were taken from the trenches before
Petersburg and returned to Ohio for muster out,
they were almost constantly in active service of the
severest character. The regiment was formally mus-
tered out on July 1.3. 1864. at Cleveland. Oiiio, by
Captain Douglass. United States army.

THIRTY-SECOXD OHIO VOLUXTEEK IXFASTRY.

This was one of the first organi/iations raised in
the State on the basis of three years' service. Its
rendezvous was Camp Hartley near Mansfield, but.
before completion it was transferred to Camp Denni-
sou where it was completed, organized, equipped and
sent to the field, under the auspices of Colonel Thos.
H. Ford, formerly Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio.

On the fifteenth of September, 1861, the regiment
left Camp Dennison for West Virginia. xVs was the
case with most, if not all, of the first regiments from
Ohio, it was poorly equipped and armed with the al-
most useless, old, smooth-bore muskets of a by-gone
age. The regiment was moved by railroad, and ar-
rived at Grafton September 18th, and marched the
next day for Beverly, West Virginia, where it an-ived
on the 22d. It was here assigned to tiie command
then stationed on Cheat Mountain summit.

The Thirty-secoud had been hurried to the field
without discipline of any kind — in fact, it was hardly
organized. Here, upon the rugged heights of Cheat
Mountain, amid the wild scenery of the Alleghanies,
the regiment received its first lesson in the art of war.
On the 3rd of October, 1861, the Thirty-second led
the advance of the army against Greenbrier, Virginia,
through the mountains and pines of that region by
midnight. It remained at Greenbrier during the fall
of 1861.

On December 13th, it engaged in the advance on
Camp Alleghany. In his report General Milroy com-
plimented the regiment very highly on its gallantry
and good conduct in its charge into the camp of the
enemy. The loss of the regiment in this affair was
four killed and fouiteen wounded, — some severely.

On its return from this expedition, it was ordered
to Beverly wheie it remained the remainder of the

winter. In May it was at the engagements in the
Bull Pasture valley. In the pursuit of Jackson uj)
the Shenandoah Valley, the regiment participated in
the battles of Cross Keys and Port Republic, on
the 8th and 9th of June, 186-2. Returning to Win-
chester, it did garrison duty until September 1st,
when the place was evacuated by General White.
The regiment then moved to Harper's Ferry, and
assisted in its defence. After making a hard fight
and losing one hundred and fifty of its uumber, the
regiment with the whole command, was surrendered
by the commanding officer of the post to the enemy
as prisoners of war. The history of this unaccount-
able affair is yet to be written. The Thirty-Second
was paroled, and finally transferred to Chicago, Il-
linois. December- 1, 1SG2, it was transferred to
Camp Taylor, Cleveland. Ohio. January 12, 1863,
it was declared exchanged, and on the eighteenth,
received orders to report to Major-General U. S.
Grant at Memphis, Tennessee. It reached that
point on the 2.5th of January, and was assigned
to the Seventeenth Army Corps. At the battle
of Champion Hills the Thirty-Second made a bayonet
charge, and captured the First Mississippi Rebel
Battery — men, guns and horses, with a loss of twenty-
four men. For this gallant achievement the captured
battery was turned over to the regiment, and manned
by Company F, during the entire sieze of Vicksburg.
The total loss loss of the regiment, during the
campaign and siege of Vicksburg, was two hundred
and twenty-five, rank and file. It participated in
the battles of Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson and
Champion Hills; and was in the extreme front of
Logan's Division when Vicksburg surrendered. It
was identified with its corps in Sherman's advance
against Atlanta: participated in the assault on Rene-
saw Mountain, June 27, 1864, and Nicojack Creek.
July 10th. Also, in the battles of July 20th, 21st,
22d an 2Sth, before Atlanta, and lost more than half
its number in killed and wounded. After the fall of
Atlanta the Thirty-Second moved with the army in
pursuit of Hood, after which it rejoined General
Sherman and accompanied him on his "March to the
Sea." It participated in the grand review at Wash-
ington, and remained in camp near that city until
June 8, 186.5, when it took the cars for Louisville,
Kentucky. It lay there until July 20th, when it was
mustered out of the service, and proceeded toColum-
but, Ohio, at which place the men received their final
discharge, July 26, 186-5.

The Thirty-Second entered the field September 1.5,
1861. nine hundred and fifty sti-ong, and during the
war, received more than sixteen hundred recruits.
Only five hundred and sixty-five remained at its
muster-out. It is believeil that the regiment lost and
recruited more men than anv other from Ohio.

THE FORTY-FIKST OHId VOI.l\TKEK IXFANTKV.

Immediately after tlic battle <if Hull Rui
of the citizens of Clevolaiul. Ohio, set alu

lumber
r.-iising

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

a regiment, and the result of their labors was the
Forty-First Ohio Volunteers, of which Capt. William
B. Hazen, Eighth U. S. Infantry, was appointed
colonel. The camp of rendezvous was established
near Cleveland. By the 1st of September a large
number of men were in camp, and the work of in-
struction had commenced. The regiment was mus-
tered as complete, October 31, 1861. November 6th,
the regiment moved by rail to camp Dennison, where
arms were supplied. Tliese consisted of the '-'Green-
wood Rifles," a weapon nearly as dangerous as the
scythes and ])itchforks of our revolutionary ancestry.
From this point the regiment went to Gallipolis, and
thence to Louisville. It remained during the winter
at Camp Wicklifife, Kentucky, and was assigned to
Nelson's Division. Februaj-yl4, lg62, the active ser-
vice began. First came the battle of Pittsburg Land-
ing. Here the Forty-First did noble work. Of the
three hundred and seventy-three men who entered the
engagement, one hundred and forty-oue were either
killed or wounded in half an hour. It was next en-
gaged in the seige of Corinth ; then at Perryville,
Murfreesboro', (where one hundred and twelve were
killed or wounded, out of four hundred and ten.)
January 10, 1863, encamped at Readyville, where it
remained until June 24th. August 15th tents were
struck and the regiment moved against Chattanooga.
September 19th the regiment was actively engaged in
the battle of Chickamauga, during the entire fight,
and soon after retired to Chattanooga. At three
o'clock in the morning of October 27th, fifty-two pon-
toons, bearing the Forty-First and its brigade, pushed
out silently from Chattanooga, and floated down the
river. In half an hour the leading pontoons were
passing in front of the enemy's pickets on the bank,
liuudred feet above. The conversation of the rebels
could be distinctly heard, but their attention was not
once directed to the twelve hundred silent enemies
floating past within pistol-shot. Just as the first
pontoon arrived opposite its landing, it was discovered;
but the landing was effected, the pickets driven in,
and the hill gained. When the morning haze cleared
away the rebels on Lookout mountain saw the hills
beneath them, commanding two roads to Bridgeport,
covered with blue-coats, in a position from which
they could not be driven, with a pontoon bridge to
connect them with Chattanooga almost completed.
The engagement which followed was the most severe
in which the Forty-First was ever engaged, and it was
personally thanked by General Thomas for its gallant
conduct on the occasion. At Mission Ridge the reo'i-
meut lost one hundred and fifteen in killed and
wounded. At Clinch mountain the regiment re-en-
listed, and was furloughed home for thirty days,
reaching Cleveland, Ohio, on the 2d of February,
1864. Returning to the front, they were at Rocky
• Face Ridge, Resaca, Piney Top mountain, Peach Tree
creek, and numerous smaller encounters. July 28th
the regiment was in front of Atlanta, and was en-
gaged more or less during the seige, and lost one

hundred and fifty men in battle and eighty by disease.
The regiment was with General Thomas in his move-
ment against Hood, and had "hot work" oji Overton
knob. It finally rested at Huntsville, Alabama. In
June, 1865, the corps embarked at Nashville for
Texas. Near Cairo the steamer collided with a gun-
boat and sunk immediately. Fortunately no lives
were lost. In Texas the regiment was stationed near
San Antonio until November, when it was ordered to
be mustered out. It was discharged at Columbus,
Ohio, November 26, 1865, after four years and one
month's service.

FIFTT-FIFTH OHIO VOLl'XTEER INFANTRY.

This regiment went into camp at Norwalk, Ohio,
on the 17th of October, 1861. Companies A, C, D,
and I, were recruited from the counties of Huron
and Erie, as was also the field and staff.

On the 25th of January, 1862. the regiment left
Norwalk for Grafton, West Virginia, and after a
short stay here, it moved to New Creek. From this
point it made two severe marches, one to Romuey,
and the other to Moorefield; at the latter place it
participated in a slight skirmish. Tiie regiment re-
turned to Grafton on the 19 th day of February.
Here it suffered greatly from measles and other dis-
eases, by which more than twenty men lost their lives,
and many more were rendered unfit for field service.
At one time over four hundred men in the regiment
were unfit for duty. On March 31st, the regiment
was ready for service again. It moved by rail to
Green Spring river, and marched from thence to
Romney, where it joined General Sehenck's brigade,
moved to Moorefield, and went into camp, some four
miles north of the town.

In the latter part of April, seven companies of the
Fiftj'-Fifth moved with the brigade to Petersburg,
and to McDowell, leaving companies D, E, and G, at
Moorefield. In the battle of McDowell, or Blue Pas-
ture mountain, the regiment constituted the reserve,
and after the battle fell back to Franklin. On this
march, and during the stay at Franklin, the regiment
suffered severely on account of the scarcity of rations.
On the 26th of May, the army broke camp at Frank-
lin, and moved rapidly to Strasburg, a distance of
ninety miles, a large portion of which had been passed
over before Stonewall Jackson knew tliat the army
had left Franklin. The regiment was present at
Cross Keys, but was not engaged. July 7tii, the
regiment marched to Sperryville. Here it remained
until August 8th, when it moved in tlie direction of
Culpepper C. H., and at three o'clock, a. m., on
the 10th, arrived on the battle-field of Slaughter
mountain. Ou the morning of the 19th, the army
commenced a retrograde movement northward, cross-
ing the Rappahannock at White Sulphur Springs.
On the 25th, the regiment was under severe artillery
fire from Jackson's troops, and at night fell back to
Centerville. Here it remained until November 2d,
when it proceeded to Hopewell, via Manassas June-

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

tion. It remained here until November 20th, when
it moved to the neigliborhood of Chantilly. On the
10th of December, the regiment broke camp, and
after a series of severe marches, arrived at Stafford
C. H., on the 17th. On the 20th of January, 1863,
General Burnside moved his army with the intention
of attacking the enemy at Fredericksburg, and the
regiment, with the division, was sent to Belle Plain
landing, to defend that point. Heavy rains and bad
roads arrested the movement of the army, and the
regiment went into winter (juarters at Biooks' sta-
tion. On the 27th of April, the army moved upon
Fredericksburg. The Eleventh Corps, to which the
Fifty-Fifth was attached, marched up the Rappahan-
nock, arriving at Chancellorsville on the 30th. The
next day the army went into position. The Eleventh
Corps occupied the extreme right, and the Fifty-Fifth
was in the second brigade from the right. On the
2d of May the battle opened, and the result is too
well known to be repeated here. In this engagement
the Fifty-Fifth lost one hundred and fifty-three men,
killed, wounded and missing. On the 5th, the army
retreated, and the regiment went into its old camp,
near Brooks' station. About the middle of May the
regiment was transferred to the Second Brigade of
the Second Division, and it remained in this brigade
during the remainder of its term of service. The
regiment marched into Pennsylvania with the army,
and was present at the battle of Gettysburg. The
battle-line of the regiment was not engaged, but the
skirmish line was subject, most of the time, to a
severe fire. The Fifty-Fifth lost in this battle about
fifty men. The regiment followed the retreating
enemy, and went into camp on the 25th of July, in
the vicinity of the 0. & A. R. R. Here it performed
heavy picket duty. On the 34th of September, the
Eleventh and Twelfth Corps took cars at Manassas
Junction, and moved to Bridgeport, Alabama, arriv-
ing on the 30th. On the 25th of October, the troops
moved for Lookout valley, and encamped in fullsight
of Lookout mountain. The enemy attacked the
troops in the valley. The Fifty-Fifth was not in the
early part of the engagement, having been on ]iicket.
The regiment moved to Chattanooga, on the 22d of
November. In the battle of Mission Ridge the corps
formed line to the left and front of Fort Hood, and
moving forward rapidly, drove the rebel skirmish line
beyond the East Tennessee railroad. On the after-
noon of the 25th, the regiment was posted on the ex-
treme left, and guarded the flank duriitg the remain-
der of the battle. Immediately after this the regiment
entered on the Knoxville campaign, and returned
again to Lookout valley, December 17th. This cam-
paign was made in extremely cold weather, without
tents or blankets. On the 1st of January, 1864, three
hundred and nineteen men in the Fiftv-Fifth re-
enlisted, and were furloughed home. Returning, it
again encamped, on March 4th, in Lookout valley.
About this time the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were
consolidated, and denominated the Twentieth, and

the regiment formed a part of the Third Brigade of
the Third Division.

The regiment started on the Atlanta campaign on
the 3d of May, and participated in all the battles in
which the Twentieth Corps was engaged. At the
battle of Resaca, on May loth, it suffered severely, los-
ing upward of ninety men. It was engaged also at
Cassville, Dallas, New Hope church. Marietta, and.
Kenesaw. On the 20th of July the regiment took
position on the right of the Fourth Corps. During
the seige of Atlanta the Fifty-Fifth occupied its place
in the lines, assisting in the gradual but sure advance-
ment of the parallels toward the city. On the 3d of
September the troops entered the city. The Fifty-
Fifth lost over two hundred men in this campaign.
The regiment left Atlanta November 15, <ind moved
toward the sea-coast. On the 31st of December it
entered Savannah and camped near the city. Here it
remained until early in January, 1865, when it was
thrown across the Savannah river. On the 39th of
January the regiment started on the campaign of the
Carolinas. No incident worthy of mention occurred
until March 16, when, at the battle of Smith's Farm
the Fifty-Fifth lost thirty-six men killed and wounded;
and again, on the 19th, it was engaged and lost two
men killed, one officer and twenty-three men wounded,
and seven men missing. On March 34th, the regiment
reached Goldsboro' and was reviewed by General Sher-
man. On the 30th it commenced the march to Wash-
ington. On May 34th it crossed Long Bridge and par-
ticipated in the grand review, after which it went
into camp near Washington. On the 10th of June
It proceeded to Louisville, Kentucky, where, on the
11th of July, the Fifty-Fifth was mn5tered out of the
service. The regimsnt was transported to Cleveland.
Ohio, where it was paid and discharged on the 19th
of July, 1865.

During its term of service the regiment enrolled
about one thousand three bunded and fifty men, and
of these about seven hundred and fifty were either
killed or wounded in battle. Ten officers were
wounded once or more, and eight officers either died
of wounds or were killed in battle.

JayKling, M. D., now of Monroeville, surgeon of
the regiment, was mustered out after three years ser-
vice. Embarking for home a few days subsequent,
he was captured by the rebels and although paroled,
yet he was obliged to remain with them many months
before being allowed to pass through the union lines
to freedom and home.

SIXTY-FIFTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.

This regiment was one of those included in the
brigade raised at Mansfield, Ohio. It was organized
at Camp Buckingham, on the 3d of October, 1861,
and was mustered into service on the 1st of December.

The regiment left Mansfield for active duty Decem-
ber 18th, and moved to Lomisville, iventucky, where
it remained for a week, and then marched to Camp
Morton, four miles east of Bardstowu, arriving on th„

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

30th of December. Here it was brigaded with the
Sixty-Fourth Dhio, the Fifty-First Indiana, and Ninth
Kentucky. It was assigned to General Woods' di-
vision.

On the I3th of January, 1862, the regiment moved
to Hall's Gap. Here it was engaged in building cor-
duroy roads until February 7th, when it marched to
Lebanon, and on the 12th embarked on cars for Green
river. It arrived at Mumfordsville, on the 13th, and
remained there until the 23d, then marched for Nash-
ville, where it arrived on March 13th. On tliis march
the troops were forced, at times, to transport the con-
tents of the baggage wagons on their backs over steep
hills.

On March 29th, the regiment, with General Gar-
field in command of the brigade, marched to Savan-
nah, where it arrived on April 6th, and the next
morning moved on steamer to Pittsburg Landing.
At four o'clock p. m. it was on the battle field, but
was not actively engaged. It lost two men wounded.
The regiment next participated in the movements
against Coriuth, and during the seige was under fire
almost hourly. After the evacuation it moved to
Bridgeport, where it did guard duty until the 29th
of August, when it marched northward in pursuit of
Bragg's army, arriving at Louisville September 2-ith.
After resting a week it moved to near Perryville, and
from there marched to Nashville. On December 26th
the brigade moved on the Nashville pike, fighting its
way to La Vergne and Stone river. On the night of
the 29th, the brigade crossed Stone river, the men
wading in the water to their armpits, in the face of a
murderous fire. The opposite bank was gained, and
a line formed, but supports failing to come up the
brigade was forced to retire. This it did in good or-
der. It lay on its arms all that night, and during
the whole of the next day; it was waiting for McCook
to move on the right. Early in the morning of the
31st, McCook's corps was driven back, and Harkness'
brigade, in which was the Sixty-Fifth, was ordered
to its support. The brigade met a storm of bullets,
and a solid column, of exultant rebels. For eight
hours the brigade was heavily engaged, and at last
succeeded in checking the rebel army. In this en-
gagement the Sixty-dfth lost two officers killed and
eight wounded, (one mortally), and thirty-eight men
killed, one hundred and six wounded, nineteen miss-
ing, and three deserted in the face of the enemy.
The regiment was under fire throughout the entire
engagement. The regiment remained at Mui-frees-
boro' until June 7, 1863, when it moved to near
Chattanooga, and on the 7th of September skirmished
with the enemy, losing one man.

During the first day of the battle of Chickamauga,
the regiment was in reserve until five o'clock in the
afternoon, when it became briskly engaged. It moved
to the left center, and lay on its arms all night. The
next day fighting was continued, with alternate suc-
cess and reverse. On the night of the 20th, the entix'e
army fell back finally to Chattanooga. The regiment

participated in the battle of Mission Ridge, with a
loss of fifteen killed and wounded. In the Atlanta
campaign the Sixty-Fifth was under fire almost con-
stantly. At Lookout Mountain it lost four men; at
Resaca it lost twenty -eight men killed and wounded ;
at Dallas it lost six killed and wounded; at Marietta
it lost twelve in killed and wounded. It was in a
fight at Peachtree creek, at Atlanta, July 22d, and in
the movement at Jonesboro'. After the evacuation
of Atlanta, it went into camp there. After some
three weeks there, it went in pursuit of Hood. On
November 29th, it participated in the battle of Spring-
field, losing forty-one men killed, wounded and miss-
ing. November 30th, in the battle of Franklin, it lost
forty-four killed, wounded and missing. The non-
veterans were discharged October 3, 1864. The regi-
ment was engaged in the battle of Nashville, and in
pursuit of the rebel army across the Tennessee, after
which it returned to Nashville, and went into camp.
In June, 186.5, the regiment embarked on transports
for New Orleans, where it remained several weeks,
and was ordered to Texas. At San Antonio it did
garrison duty until December, 1865, when it was
ordered to Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, where it
was mustered out, paid and discharged on January
2, 1866.

SEVENTY-SECOND OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.

This regiment was organized at Fremont, Ohio,
during the months of October, November and Decem-
ber, 1861. It was recruited from the counties of
Sandusky, Erie, Medina and Wood.

On the 24th day of January, 1862, the regiment,
numbering about nine hundred 'men, left Fremont
for Camp Chase. Here it was fully equipped, and,
in February, reported to General Sherman, at Padu-
cah. Early in March, 1862, Sherman's Division pro-
ceeded up the Tennessee to Fort Henry, where the
main army was concentrated. The Seventv-Second
was on the steamer Baltic. From here the main
army proceeded to Savannah; Sherman's Division,
however, was ordered up to Eastjiort, Mississippi,
intending to cut the Slemphis and Charleston rail-
road. Heavy rains and con.se([uent high water de-
feated this plan, and the men returned to Pittsburg
Landing, encamping near Shiloh Church.

On the morning of April 6th, Buckland's Brigade,
in which was the Seventy-Second Regiment, met the
enemy and withstood the onset of three successive
rebel lines; and held the position two hours, and was
ordered to retire. At eleven o'clock it was again in
position on the right of the national line. It was at
the front constantly, and, on the 7th, participated in
the final charge which swept the enemy from the
field. The regiment lost in this affair one hundred
and thirty-four, killed, wounded and missing.

In the siege of Corinth the Seventy-Second bore a
conspicuous part. During the siege General J. W.
Denver assumed command of the brigade. July 21st,
the regiment entered Memphis, No clothing had

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

been driiwti since the battle of Pittsburg Landing,
and the men were covered witli rags. January 9,
180;3. it was ordered to Corinth. The Seventy-Second
reached White's Station, nine miles-east of Memphis,
on January 31st.

On the 13th of Marcli, the regiment moved to
Memphis, embarked on steamer, and proceeded down
the river. April -^d, it encamped near Young's Point.
The regiment commenced the march for Vicksburg
on May 2d. It participated in the battle of Jackson on
the l-4th, and the next day continued the march to
Vicksburg, where it arrived on the 18th. It partici-
pated in the assault on the rebel works on the 19th
and 32d of May, and then came the labor of the siege.
It occupied a position on the right.

On the -ZM of June, the regiment formed a part of
the force ordered to Big Black river to intercept
General Joe Johnson, who was attempting the relief
of Vicksburg. The Seventy- Second was thrown out
on the advance picket-line, and continued to hold
that position until the surrender of Vicksburg. The
regiment then moved against Johnson at Jackson,
and, after the battle, pursued the rebels to Brandon,
where it had an engagement After destroying a por-
tion of the railroad, it returned to Big Black to rest
and refit. Alwut the middle of November the division
was ordered to Memphis. January 2, 1864, the regi-
ment re-enlisted, and. on February 33d, received its
veteran furlough; returning to Fremont it was heartily
■welcomed. Returning to the front, it moved, on the
8th of April, by rail to Cairo, and from there to Padu-
cah, Kentucky, to assist in the defense of that place
against Forrest. Nothing of importance transpired
here, and, on the 22d, the regiment embarked for
Memphis, where it arrived the next day.

On the 1st of June, the regiment formed part of
an expedition against Forrest; the result of which,
through the incompetency of the commanding officer,
was a total panic — the baggage trains were captured,
as were a large portion of the men. The above re-
ferred officer in command, at an early stage of the
affray, surrounded himself with cavalry and started
for Memphis, leaving the infantry, as he expressively
and feelingly (?) remarked, "to go to the devil;" and
it was only by the most arduous effort on their part
that they did not all go where he designated, or to an
infinifelfi more barbarous localiti/, a rebel prison. We
are unable to give the name of this unfeeling brute,
very much to our regret.

Incredible as it may seem, nine officers and one
hundred and forty men of the Seventy-Second reached
Germ iiitown, one hundred miles, in forty-one hours
after the battle, and this, too. without a morsel of
food. Eleven officers and two hundred and thirty-
seven men of the regiment were killed, wounded, or
captured; the greater portion were of the latter class,
and but few ever returned to the I'egiment. June 22d,
the Sixteenth Corps, to which the Seventy-Second Reg-
iment was now attached, started on an expedition in

the direction of Tupelo, Miss. Tn this movement Mc-
Millan's Brigade, barely nine hundred strong, was in
the rear of the infantry column, and just in advance of
the wagon train. When two miles west of Tupelo,
Bell's Brigade of N. B. Forrests' command, which was
in ambush, attacked the column. This fell mainly on
the Seventy-Second. The Regiment at once charged
the enemy. The remainder of the Brigade was
brought into action, and within twenty minutes the
rebels driven from the field, utterly routed. On the
return march McMillan's Brigade again marched in
rear of the infanti-y column; and just as it was going
into bivouac for the night, Bell's Brigade fell upon
the Cavalry rear-guard and drove it into camp. Mc-
Millan's Brigade formed rapidly and advanced. A
volley checked the enemy, and a charge drove him
from the field. On the 1st of September the division
started on a wild-goose chase into Arkansas and Mis-
souri, resnlting in nothing except an immense amount
of marching and hardship. It finally I'eached St.
Louis on November 16th. Its rest was brief. The
division was ordered up the Cumberland, and on the
30th of November it joined the forces under General
Thomas, at Nashville, and was posted on the right of
line. On the 7th of December the Seventy-Second
was on a reconnoisance, and became warmly engaged,
losing eleven men killed and wounded. During the
first day of the battle of Nashville, the regiment par-
ticipated in a charge, in which three hundred and
fifty prisoners and six pieces of artillery were cap.
tured. It also took part in the fight on the IGth, and
was engaged in the charge on Walnut Hills. In this
battle McMillan's Brigade, numbering less than twelve
hundred men, captured two thousand prisoners and
thirteen pieces of artillery, while its total loss was
only one hundred and sixty. The division moved to
Eastport, Mississippi, and went into camp. Supplies
were scarce, and the troops subsisted for some days
on parched corn.

In February, 1865, it moved to New Orleans and
camped on the old battle-ground. On February 28th
it embarked on the ocean steamer Empire State, and on
March 3d, landed at Fort Gaines, on Dauphin Island.
On the 19th it moved up Fish river, landing some
thirty miles east of Spanish Fort. On the 27th the
fort was invested. The siege lasted until April 8th,
when the fort was evacuated. In these operations the
the Seventy-Second lost one man killed and three
wounded. On the 19th of April the regiment moved
against Fort Blakely, which was captured the same
day. The brigade was finally ordered to Meridian.
Mississippi, where it remained, doing garrison duty
until June, when it was placed along the line of the
railroad west of Meridian. About this time the men
whose term of service would expire before October 1,
1865, were mustered out. In September, the regiment
moved to Coi-inth, but it was soon ordered to Vicks-
burg-, where it was muscered out on the 11th of Sep-
tember, 1865. It at once embarked for Ohio, and
was paid and discharged at Camp Chase.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

EIGHTY-EIGHTH OHIO VOLrXTEER INFANTRY.

This regiment was organized in tlie latter part of
July, 1862, its nnclens being four companies, called
the "First Battalion of G-overnor's Guards, Ohio
Volunteer Infantr\-." It was mustered into the ser-
vice by Captain A. E. Drake, United States army, Oc-
tober 37, 1863, and was at once placed on duty at
Camp Chase, near Columbus, then filled with rebel
prisonex's. The duty here was very arduous. The
prisoners were confined in three separate tenements,
and it required the whole strength of the regiment to
fill the details. In a few months the service became
exceedingly monotonous to both officers and men, and
all were clamorous to go into the field. The regi-
ment was recruited to the maximum number July 39th.
George W. Neil, Lieutenant-Colonel of the Second
Kentucky Infantry, who had but recently been re-
leased from a thirteen-months' imprisonment in rebel
prisons, was appointed its Colonel. He at once placed
the regiment under the strictest discipline, and soon
had it drilled to the highest point of efficiency; and
the hope was cherished by the officers and men that
they would be afforded a chance to display their ac-
quirements at "the front." This hope was soon dis-
sipated, o)-ders having been received for the regiment
to remain on duty at Camp Chase. A small detach-
ment only was permitted to visit West Virginia and
Maryland. This was soon brough-t back to aid in the
captui'e of the freebooter John Morgan and his thiev-
ing horde. During this raid the Eighty-Eighth did
effective service. In October, 1863, the regiment re-
lieved the One Hundred and Fifteenth Ohio at Cin-
cinnati. They did provost duty in that city until
the latter part of December, when it became neces-
sary for the regiment to resume their duties over the
"grey-backs" at Camp Chase, and it remained on
the same duty until July 3, 18G5, when it was form-
ally mustered out of the service.

The Eightj'-Eighth Ohio was a complete and well-
drilled regiment, and, if given a chance, would have
undoubtedly performed good service in the field.

ONE HUNDRED AND FIRST OHIO VOLUNTEER
INFANTRY.

This regiment was one of that series of patriotic
organizations raised in the dark days of 1803, when
the national cause seemed to be drifting into final de-
feat. It was recruited from the counties of Huron,
Erie, Seneca, Crawford, and Wyandot, and organ-
ized and mustered into the service at Monroeville,
Ohio, on the 30th day of August, 1862. Companies
A, B, D, and G were recruited from the counties of
Huron and Erie.

On the -ith of Septemljer. altliough not (juite ready
for field service, the regiment was hui-ried by rail to
Cincinnati, and thence across the river to Covington,
Kentucky, to assist in repelling a threatened raid by
Kirby Smith. After lying in camji near Covington
until September 34th, it was taken by rail to Louis-
ville. Kentucky, and incorporated with Buell's army.

It was assigned to Carlin's Brigade, Mitchell's Divis-
ion. On October 1st the regiment marched in pur-
suit of Bragg, and on the 8th, was engaged in the
battle of Perryville. In this, the first encounter with
the enemy, the regiment bore itself well and bravely,
and received the praise of its brigade and division
commanders. It lost several men. Following in
pursuit of the rebels, it had a pretty severe skirmish
witli their rear guard at Lancaster. The march was
continued to Nashville, Tennessee. Here Jeff. C.
Davis took command of the division, and on Decem-
ber 36th it marched with the Army of the Cumber-
land. On the afternoon of the same day, the enemy
was met, and a line of battle formed. The Second
Brigade, in which was the One Hundred and First
Regiment, soon engaged the enemy with spirit, sus-
taining a.sharp fire until it was dislodged. Following
the enemy some two miles, another sharp engagement
took place. This resulted in driving the enemy from
the field, and capturing several guns.

On December 30th, this brigade was the first to
reach the battlefield of Stone River. It at once en-
gaged the enemy's outposts, drove them back, and
just at night became busily engaged. The regiment
lay on its arms all night, and was fully prepared to
receive the shock of battle that came with daylight on
the 31st of December. The brigade stood firm, re-
pulsing every attempt to break ic, until Johnson's
Division and Post's Brigade, of the First Division, on
the I'ight, being driven from their positions, the enemy
appeared on the right flank and rear of the brigade,
when it fell back and took a new position, and held
the enemy in check. Tlie regiment continued in the
hottest of the fight, taking up six different positions,
and stubbornly maintaining them during the day.
Colonel Stem and Lieutenant-Colonel Wooster were
both killed on the front line, on the right of the
arm}'. Both of these officers died while leading their
men to deeds of daring. The regiment was held on
the front line, on the right, until January 3d, when dis-
aster was threatening the left. It was one of the many
regiments that were transferred to the left, and with
the bayonet helped to turn the tide of battle. It re-
mained thei-e until the close of the battle, losing seven
officers and two hundred and twelve men killed and
wounded.

During the remainder of the winter tlie One
Hundred and First was engaged constantly on expedi-
tions through the country surrounding Murfrees-
boro', suffering very much from fatigue and exposure.
It was no uncommon thing to see as many as fifty
men of the regiment marching withouf shoes or their
feet, and so ragged as to excite both the sympathies
and the risibilities of their companions. This march-
ing up and down the country — the purposes or utility
of which were, oftentimes, wholly unknown — lasted
until April, 1SG3, when the regiment was allowed to
go into camp at Murfreesboro' for rest.

On the 2-lth of June, the TuUahoma cam-
paign was inaugurated. The One Hundred and

mSTORY OF HURON AXD ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

First moved in the directiou of Liberty Gap, and was
engaged for two days at that point, with Cleburne's
rebel division. It followed tiie fortunes of the army,
up to Chattanooga, and at tlie close of that campaign
was with Davis' division at Winchester, Tennessee.
August 17th, it marched on the Chattanooga campa-
ign going over Lookout Mountain to Alpine, Georgia.
From here it countermarched over the mountain to
the field of Chickamauga, where it participated in
that battle on the nineteenth and twentieth of August,
displaying great coolness and gallantry. During the
heat of battle on the second day, the One Hundred
and First retook a National battery from the enemy,
fighting over the guns with clubbed muskets. Re-
tiring to Chattanooga, it became a part of the First
Brigade, Fourth Division, Fourth Army Corps,
and on October 28th, marched to Bridgeport,
Alabama.

Here it remained until January 16, 1864. On May 3,
1864, it marched on the Atlanta campaign, meeting
the enemy's outposts at Catoosa Springs. The regi-
ment was thrown forward as skirmishers, and drove
the enemy steadily up to Tunnel Hill. At Buzzard's
Roost it advanced to within thirty or forty yards of
the enemy's main line of works, but the fire was so
murderous that the men were obliged to seek shelter
under the overhanging rocks, and remain until the
darkness at night gave them an opportunity to retire.
As the campaign progressed, the regiment was almost
constantly engaged in the fighting of that arduous
march, and from Atlanta moved to Nashville.

At the battle of Franklin, just at night fall, the
One Hundred and First was ordered to retake an
angle of the works held by tlie enemy, which it did
with the bayonet, and held the position until ten
o'clock p. m., notwithstanding the rebels were almost
within bayonet reach during all that time.

The One Hundred and First was engaged in the
battle of Nashville, December loth and 16th, and
participated in the assault on the enemy's center on
the 15th. After the battle it followed in pursuit
of Hood to Lexington, Alabama, and marched thence
to Huntsville, where it went into camp. It lay at
Huntsville until June 12, 1865, when, with other
regiments it was mustered out of service. It was then
sent home by rail to Ohio, placed m Camp Taylor
near Cleveland, paid off, and discharged.

OXE HUNDRED AND SEVENTH OHIO VOLINTEEK
INFANTRY.

This regiment was composed almost wholly of
Germans. It was organized August 25, 1862, at
Camp Taylor, near Cleveland. It lay in camp at this
place, preparing for the field, until the latter part
of September, when it moved to Covington, Ken-
tucky. It lay there a sliort time, was taken by rail
to Washington, and for a month was engaged in con-
structing fortifications. In the early part of Novem-
ber, the regiment marched to Fairfa.K C. H., Virginia,
and thence to Stafford C. H. Here it was assigned

to the Second Brigade, First Division, Eleventh
Army Corps.

After considerable marching it went into winter
quarters at Brook's Station. On the 29th of April,
1863, the One Hundred and Seventh, with its
brigade and Division, moved to Chancellorsville,
where, on May 2d and 3d. it took part in the battle
of that name. In this disastrous affair the regiment
suffered terribly, losing two hundred and twenty
officers and men — killed, wounded, and prisoners.
Returning to its former camp, it remained until June
12th, when it marched to Gettysburg. It reached
there on the morning of July 1st, and was at once
engaged with the enemy. In the first day's fight
the regiment and entire Eleventh Corps were com-
pelled to fall back through Gettysburg to Cemetery
hill, where a new line was formed and held during
the remainder of the battle. In falling back the
regiment lost in killed, wounded and prisoners, two
hundred and fifty officers and men. In the second
day's fight, a charge was made, just at night, in
which it again lost heavily. In this affair the regi-
ment captured a rebel flag from the Eighth Louisiana
Tigers. Its loss in the battle of Gettysburg — killed,
wounded and prisoners — was over four hundred out
of five hundred and fifty, rank and file, with which
it entered. Captain Fisher, of Company F, was shot
through the breast and arm; and Captain Vignus, of
Company H, had his right arm shot off.

With one hundred and eleven guns, all that was
left of the regiment, it joined in the pursuit of the
rebel army. August 1st, the regiment sailed to Folly
Island, S. C, where it performed picket duty until
January, 1864. In that month it was taken in boats
to Kiowah Island, and from there waded over to
Seabrook Island, and drove the enemy from that
point. On February 23d, the regiment was taken to
Jacksonville, Florida. Here it had a few skirmishes
witli the enemy. December 29th, it was taken to
Devos Neck, S. C. While here it had several skir-
mishes with the enemy, and lost five men killed and
fifteen wounded. March 23d, it marched to Suniter-
ville, met the enemy, defeated him, and captured
three peices of artillery, six horses, and fifteen
prisoners. In this affair the regiment lost four men
wounded. Marching to Singleton plantation, it met
and skirmished with the enemy, losing two men
wounded. A few days later, near the same place, it
captured a train of cars, which was destroyed, with
thirteen locomotives and a large amount of provi-
sions and ammunition.

On April 16, 1865, news was received of the
surrender of Lee's and Johnston's armies: and. amid
great rejoicings over the auspicious event, tlie regi-
ment marched back to Georgetown. S. C. Three
weeks thereafter it was taken by steamer to Charles-
ton, where it remained on provost duty until July
10th, when it was mustered out of the service and
sent home to Cleveland, wliere it was jxiid off and
discharged.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-THIRD OHIO VOLUN-
TEER INFANTRY.

This regiment was organized at Camp Monroeville,
Huron county. Companies B, C, E, G., and a por-
tion of H, I and K were recruited from Huron and
Erie counties. Seven companies were mustered into
the service on the S-ith of September, 1862, two on
the 39th, and one on the 16th of October. The regi-
ment moved on the last-named day to Zanesville,
Ohio, whence it was taken down the Muskingum
river to Marietta; thence by rail to Belpre, and across
the river to Parkersburg, Virginia; thence by rail to
Clarksburg, reaching that jilace October 30th. On the
27th of October the regiment made its first march to
Buckhannon, making twelve miles the first day, ar-
riving there on the 30th. This was considered good
marching, and almost exhausted the men, under the
enormous loads then permitted to be carried on their
persons and in their knapsacks. The regiment re-
sumed the march on November 3d, first to Beverly,
then to Hnttonsville, and finally to Webster. On
November 18th, it left this point and moved by rail to
New Greek, where it remained in camjJ until Decem-
ber 12th. "While lyijig in this camp. Captain Horace
Kellogg, of Company B, was sent to St. George C.
H, with orders to assess the rebel citizens of that
place and vicinity for outrages committed on Union
citizens by Imboden's guerillas. Five thousand dol-
lars were collected under this order and paid over to
the Union sufferers. From this point the regiment
marched to Petersburg, West Virginia, arriving De-
cember 18th. On January 3, 1863, it was ordered to
Moorefield to relieve the One Hundred and Sixteenth
Ohio, which was surrounded by rebel cavalry, and in
imminent danger of capture. The rebels were driven
off and the regiment rescued. January 10th, the regi-
ment left Moorefield for Romney. It arrived on the
12th and remained some six weeks, doing scouting
duty. On the 1st of March the regiment moved to
Winchester, and while there made several raids up the
Shenandoah valley. Nothing further of interest oc-
curred until June 13th, at which time Lee's whole rebel
army surrounded Winchester. On the afternoon of
the isth, the One mindred and Twenty-Third, with
its brigade, had an engagement with General Early's
corps, in which it lost, in killed and wounded, nearly
one hundred men. On the 14th the national forces
were driven into their fortifications and hardly pressed
by the overwhelming numbers of the rebel army.
That afternoon they were under a heavy artillery fire
for two hours. The outworks being carried by the
rebels, it was decided to evacuate the place. The
troops marched out of the works in silence at two
o'clock in the morning, leaving the artillery in posi-
tion, but spiked. At a point about four miles on the
Martinsburg road, at four o'clock in the morning, the
rebels were found in position along the road, and fur-
ther retreat was cut off. In attempting to cut their
way through, the regiment lost, in killed and
wounded, about fifty men. In this affair the One

Hundred and Twenty-Third made three distinct
charges, but to little purpose. While it was forming
for a fourth charge. Colonel Ely, of the Eighteenth
Connecticut, temporarily in command of the brigade,
surrendered to the enemy, and the whole brigade,
except Company D of the One Hundred and Twenty-
Third, were made prisoners of war. They were taken
to Richmond, where the officers remained in Libby
prison about eleven months. Two officers made their
escape, and two were exchanged and sent home. The
remainder of the officers were, after eleven months'
confinement, removed to Macon, Georgia, thence to
Charleston and jjhtced under fire (southern chivalry?),
thence to Columbia. From this point several officers
made their escape, and made their way successfully
into the national lines. Among these were Captains
J. F. Randolph (Company B), 0. H. Rosenbaum
(Company G), and Lieutenants Frank B. Colver and
B. F. Blair. Several officers were exchanged, among
them Lieutenants Frank A. Breckenridge and Charles
H. Sowers. Captain Charles H. Riggs (Company G)
died in Charleston, South Carolina, of disease con-
tracted in prison. The privates of the regiment were
exchanged within a few months and sent to the pa-
roled camps at Annapolis, Maryland, and Camp
Chase, Ohio.

Major Horace Kellogg, who was wounded, made
his escape from the enemy at Winchester, collected
the stragglers of the regiment at Martinsburg, where
the paroled men of the regiment, after exchange,
joined him, about the first of September, 1803. At
this place the regiment was newly armed and
equipped. About the 1st of April, 1864, the regi-
ment moved to Winchester. From there it marched
to Cedar creek, and made a raid up the valley. After
a sharp fight at New Market, (on May loth), in
which seventy-nine men were lost (killed and wound-
ed), in the regiment, the forces fell back to Cedar
creek. General Hunter took command, and on the
24th of May, started up the valley, arriving at Port
Republic on the night of the 4th of June. On the
next morning, at daylight, the enemy was encoun-
tered. A brisk fight ensued, in which the rebels were
whipped, and two thousand prisoners captured. The
next day the command entered Staunton. On June
11th, Lexington was reached. Here General Hunter
destroyed the Virginia Military Institute, which had
for years been preparing officers for the confederacy.
From Liberty to Lynchljurg, an almost constant skir-
mish was had with the enemy. On the morning of
the 14th, the rebels were heavily engaged, the con-
flict lasting all day. After this, the army made the
memorable and disastrous retreat to the Kanawha val-
ley. This was almost a continual fight from Lynch-
burg to Salem. On this retreat the most intense
suffering was endured from exhaustion and starva-
tion. Numbers of men lay down by the roadside
and died from one or the other of these causes. At
length Gauley Bridge was reached, and supplies were
distributed to the famished men. On the 2d of July,

HISTORY OF IIUROK AND EKIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

the regiment, with its brigade and division, moved by
steamboat and railroad a circuitous route to Martins-
burg, from which the One Hui.dred and Twent}'-
Tliird had started two months and a half before, with
seven hundred men. It now returned with two hun-
dred and fifty. July 18th, the regiment, with the
Army of West Virginia, was thrown across the Shen-
andoah river. Early's rebel corps was met, and a
brisk fight ensued. The army was driven, and in at-
tempting to recross the river, a number of the men
of the One Hundred and Twenty-Tliird were killed,
including Lieutenant C. D. Williams, of Company B.
That night the rebels retreated to Winchester, and up
the valley. On the 22d of July, the national troops
moved after the rebels toward Winchester, and on
the 2.3d, came up with them, and after a sharp skir-
mish, drove them. The next morning the rebels at-
tacked in force, and in their turn drove the national
troops. Soon a new era dawned upon the Shenan-
doah valley. The command of the National troops
■was placed in the hands of General Phil. Sheridan.
Getting his troops well in hand, he moved them up
the valley.

At Berryville the rebels were met, and skirmished
with, both sides losing a few men. Following the
rebels to Fisher's Hill, skirmishing by the way, the
army went into camp for several days. Anticipating
heavy rebel re-enforcements, our army retreated to
Harper's Ferry, and entrenched themselves. August
26th, the army again moved up the valley to Charles-
town. Berryville was the next point reached. Here
the One Hundred and Twenty-Third had a sharp
fight, losing twenty-five men, killed, wounded and
captured. On the morning of September 19th, the
enemy was met near Winchester, and another battle
was fought. In this affair the regiment was engaged
on the right, and formed part of the grand flanking
column which changed the fortunes of the day. At
about three o'clock in the afternoon, the regiment
made a charge, which drove the enemy from the field,
and decided the fortunes of the day. The routed
rebel army was pressed by the infantry to a point two
miles beyond Winchester, and the cavalry was then
left to gather the fruits of the victory. At early
dawn the infantry again took the road in pursuit.
Reaching Strasburg, the enemy was discovered be-
hind strong works. General Crook's command, in
which was the One Hundred and Twenty-Third, was
placed in the reserve. Moving his command to the
right, he maneuvered to reach the left flank of the
rebel army. The movement was successfully per-
formed. Watching his chances. General Crook
charged the rebels, and scattered them like chaff.
In this aciiou the regiment lost six men. Crook's
command encamped near the battle-field. The na-
tional forces remained at Cedar creek until the 19th
of October, engaged in building fortifications.

Now comes disaster. On the morning of October
19th at early dawn, the enemy, under cover of a dense
fog, crept through a gap unfortunately left in the

national line of pickets, and turned the left flank of
the army, held by General Crook's corps, pushing' the
army ])ack five or six miles, capturing the works and
all that was in them. In this rout the Sixth Corps
acted as a breakwater to the rebels, and held them in
check until the national lines were re-formed. At
this juncture General Sheridan, who had been absent
at Winchester, appeared on the field, having made
his famous ride of twenty miles. He at once infused
new life into the demoralized forces. Making some
slight changes in the order of battle, he rode down
the lines amid the cheers of the men, and ordered an
immediate advance of the entire line. The enemy
were swept from the field, losing all theirown artillery
and that which they had captured in the .morning.
This rout of Early's forces was comidete and final.
The Shenandoah valley was cleared almost entirely
of opposition to the national arms. Falling back to
near Winchester the troops went into camp; next
moved to 0])equan creek, thence to Burmuda Hun-
dred, and arrived at Deep Bottom, December 27. 1864.
The regiment lay in camp in this vicinity until March
2.5, 1865, when it moved to Chickahominy. and from
there to Hatcher's Run. On March 30th, an advance
was made on the rebel works, and skirmishing con-
tinued until the morning of April 2d, when a general
charge was made and the rebel works were carried.
The One Hundred and Twenty-Third during this
time was, for three days and nights, on the skirmish
line without relief, and their rations were carried them
by Lieutenant E. H. Brown, regimental quartermas-
ter — a most dangerous duty. The loss of the regi-
ment was quite severe. It captured two battle-flags
and a number of prisoners. The rebels were followed
toward Petersburg. On April 3d, the whole national
army mnrched in pursuit of Lee toward Danville.
On the 5th, the regiment was captured by Lee's rebel
cavalry, not however until after a hot fight of three
or four hours, with heavy loss on both sides. Captain
J. F. Randolph (Company B) was shot through the
right lung in this fight. The prisoners were carried
with the rebel army to Appomattox C. H. At this
point the rebel army surrendered to the national
forces, and the prisoners were rescued.

The regiment immediately thereafter left City Point.
on transports, for Annapolis, Maryland, and thence
to Cam]) Chase, Ohio, where it remained until the
12th of June, and was then mustered out of the
service.

OXE HINDUED AXI> TWKXTY-EIOHTH OHIO \OI,rN-
TEEH tXFAN'TKY.

This regiment, although chiefly occupied in guard-
duty within the borders of the State, was an organi-
zation of three year's troops, enlisted and mustered
into the United States' service, and was liable to
service wherever required. It attained minimum
strength on the 25th of December, 1863, and con-
sisted of four companies, before known as '" The
Hoffman Battalion,'" raised at different times in 1862.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Six new companies were mustered in at Camp Taylor,
near Cleveland, between the Sth and the 15th of Jan-
uary, 18G4. The four old companies had been on
duty at Johnson's Island nearly all the time since their
muster-in, but had frequently furnished detachments
for service elsewhere, including a short and very active
campaign in pursuit of rebel troops in West Virginia,
in 1862.

The One Hundred andTwentj-'Eighth having been
chiefly occupied at the frontier posts of Johnson's
Island and Sandusky, its service necessarily involves
much of the military history of these posts, and can
be better understood by giving a brief synopsis of that
history.

Early in 1862, Johnson's Island became a depot ex-
clusively for rebel officers w'ho were held as prisoners of
war. The reports show that the average number of
prisoners confined there, was as follows: 1862 — 788;
1863—1,205; 1864—2,480; total, 4,473. Acartelfor
a general exchange of prisoners of war had long been
expected, and was finally agreed upon July 22, 1862.
Under that cartel, exchanges went on until July, 1863,
and a continuance was expected. This, with the lielief
of general loyalty in the north, and the want of help
in Canada, had their legitimate influence on prison-
ers, and undoubtedly pi-evented efforts at outbreak
and resistance until late in the fall of 1863. It would
occupy too much space to give the details of efforts at
rescue, or the attempts at escape and outbreak. The
situation was, that at this point wei"e confined officers
enough for an army and navy of eighty thousand men.
They were within a short distance of the Canada
main, and still nearer to a Canada island. The pre-
vailing sympathy in Canada was largely in favor of
the rebels; and there every facility and encouragement,
short of direct participation in our war, was extended
to the large force from the rebel army and navy main-
tained in Canaula to effect a rescue of these rebel offi-
cers. If, by such efforts, war should be brought on
between the United States and England, a great point
would be gained by the rebels. No other depot of
prisoners of war was on a frontier, or exposed like
this. During the season of navigation it could be
reached in a few hours' night run, and during the
winter season men and teams could conveniently cross
the lake, from island to island, not over five miles of
ice intervening in any place. During the season of
ice the location of the depot of prisoners practically-
ceased to be an island. The I'ebel officers confined
there had a large range of friends in the "loyal States. "
For them the rebel emissaries, traveling in those
States, and the secret plotters against the national
arms, known as the -'Knights of the Golden Circle,"
and the " Sons of Liberty," had an especial sympathy,
and were anxious to aid them by means of escape, or
with places of refuge and concealment. These facts,
with the difficulty about exchanges, stimulated machi-
nations for rescue front and rear, and kept the prison-
ers constantly on the qui vive, ready for any desperate
adventure until after the fall of Petersburg.

In view of the contingencies on the frontier, and in
order to hold these posts with a less force, the con-
struction of three forts was bf-un in the fall of 18G4,
one on Cedar Point, and two nu the island. Laborers
could not be hired at the wages offered, and the colonel
of the One Hundred and Twenty-Eighth detailed men
from the regiment, who did the greater part of the
work, including the mechanical. They completed the
forts, and the magazines, and mounted the guns.
This work was done in the most inclement seasons of
the year, without extra pay, and at a time when the
other details were very heavy. But in this instance,
as in all others, officers and men applied themselves to
the duties before them with an intelligence and zeal
which promptly overcame difficulties, and attained
the desired result in a very creditaljle manner. Soon
after the surrender of the rebel armies, in the spring
of 1865, the prisoners on the island were reduced to
about one hundred and fifty. The One Hundred and
Twenty-Eighth left the island on the 10th of July,
1865, and was mustered out of service on the 17th at
Camp Chase.

ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-SIXTH OHIO VOLINTEER
INFANTRY.

This regiment was organized at Camp Chase, Co-
lumbus, Ohio, September 21. 1864, for one year. As
soon as the organization was completed, the regiment
was ordered to Nashville, Tennessee, and assigned to
the Second Brigade, Fourth Division, Twentieth
Army Corps.

Soon after its arrival, it was detailed to perform
provost guard duty at Nashville, and during the seige
and battle of Nashville, it was in the works; but with
the exception of a few companies, under Major Cum-
mings, the regiment was not engaged. Quite a num-
ber of the officers and men were veteran soldiers, and
their knowledge and experience gave the regiment
considerable reputation for proficiency in drill and
discipline.

The regiment was mustered out of service at Tod
Barracks, Columbus, Oliio, on the 18th day of June,
1865.

ONE HL'NDRED AND NINETY-SECOXI) OHIO VOLUN-
TEER INFANTRY.

This regiment was organized at Camp Chase, Ohio,
March 9, 1865, and started to the field four days
later. It arrived at Halltown, near Harper's Ferry,
Virginia, March 16th, and reported to Brevet Major-
General John R. Brooke, commanding provisional
division. On March 20th, it was assigned to the
Second Brigade. Strong picket lines were main-
tained, and some skirmishing occurred. On March
31st, the division marched through Charlestown, re-
nowned for the execution of John Brown. It was
afterward stationed at Stevenson station, and Reed's
hill, above Winchester. Here the care of the entire
country, including Luray valley, deirolved upon the
commandant of the regiment. These onerous duties

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

were discliarged to general satisfactiou. The conduct
of the men was exemplary. The regiment stood high
in the brigade and division for drill, discipline, and
efficiency. All the field, and a majority of the staff
and line officers, had served in the army previous to
entering the One Hundred and Ninety-second, and
many in the ranks were scarred veterans, who had
faced the enemy on many bloody fields. The regi-
ment was mustered out at Winchester, Virginia, Sep-
tember 1, 1865. It arrived at Columbus, Ohio, at
midnight, September 3d, and was paid and discharged
on the 6th of September, 1865.

ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-SIXTH OHIO VOLUNTEER
INFANTRY.

This regiment was organized at Camp Chase, Ohio,
and mustered into the service on the 25th of March,
1865. It immediately started for Western Virginia,
where it was assigned to an Ohio brigade at Win-
chester. Here it remained until July, and gained the
reputation of being a well-drilled and well-disciplined
organization. In July it was ordered to Baltimore,
and assigned to duty in the fortifications around the
city, a portion of it being sent to Fort Delaware.
On the 11th of September it was mustered out at
Baltimore, Maryland, being the last volunteer or-
ganization in that department. Of the thirty-eight
officers composing the field, staff and line, there were
only two who had not served over two years, and the
majority had served during the war in other organi-
zations. More than two-thirds of the men had
belonged to other regiments, and had been honorably
discharged for wounds or expiration of term of service.

The men who composed the regiment were mostly
young men, and as an organization it was probably
excelled by but few in appearance, discipline and
soldierly bearing; and though the regiment was not
entitled to inscribe on its colors the name of any
engagement, still nearly every battle field in the
Union was represented in its ranks.

ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-SEVENTH OHIO VOLUN-
TEER INFANTRY.

This was not only the last regiment which Ohio
sent to the field, but also the last complete organiza-
tion which the State raised for service during the
rebellion. Of its officers all except five had seen
active service in other commands, and nearly one-half
of the men were experienced soldiers. The first com-
pany was mustered in on the 28th of March, 1865, at
Camp Chase, and the organization of the regiment
was completed on the 12th of April. It was i-ecruited
to a total strength of one thousand and six men, but
by the casualties incident to barrack life its effective
force w^is reduced to about nine hundred. On the
25th of April it left Camp Chase by rail for Wash-
ington City, and on its arrival received the news of
the surrender of General Johnston's army, dispelling
every prospect of' active service.

The regiment was temporarily assigned to the Ninth

Corps, and was quartered near Alexandria; from here
it went by rail to Dover, Delaware. May 31st, it
moved to Havre de Grace, and engaged in guard duty.
The regiment re-assembled at Camp Bradford, near
Baltimore, and was mustered out July 31st. It was
paid at Tod Barracks, Columbus, Ohio, and disbanded
on the 6th of Angust, 1865.

ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH OHIO VOLUNTEER
INFANTRY.

There were eight companies of this intended regi-
ment fully recruited and assembled at Camp Chase,
all of which had been mustered into the service by
companies, but not as an organization. Before the
maximum was reached the ''Confederacy" collapsed,
and the men were sent to their homes.

FIRST REGIMENT OHIO HEAVY ARTILLERY.

This regiment was organized as the One Hundred
and Seventeenth Ohio Infantry, at Camp Portsmouth,
September 15, 1862, with eight companies of seven
hundred and ninety-six men — aggregate strength.
On October 2d, it moved into Eastern Kentucky.
In January, it aided in dispersing a portion of Floyd's
army. In February, it was ordered to Covington.
During the spring it was engaged in numerous expe-
ditions to Cynthiaua, Paris, Lexington, Mount Ster-
ling and interior points, to meet Morgan and other
guerrilla thieves. On the 2d of May, 1863, the regi-
ment was ordered by the War Department to be
changed into the First Heavy Artillery, Ohio Volun-
teei's, and recruited to the maximum strength of that
organization. August 12th, it was so reorganized
with twelve companies, of five officers each, and one
hundred and forty-seven men, and an aggregate
strength of one thousand eight hundred and thirty-
nine officers and men. Company M was recruited
entirely from Erie county. During its recruitment
it constructed the tine and extensive fortifications
around Covington and Newport, making Cincinnati
one of the strongest fortified cities in the Union.
Companies H, K, L and M were stationed at Camp
Nelson, Kentucky, under Major Matthews. In Jan-
uary, 1864, the regiment moved to Knoxville, Ten-
nessee, and assembling at Point Burnside, remained
there till February 29th, when it started over the
mountains in the heavy snow and very cold weather
of that winter, under command of Major Matthews,
and arrived at Knoxville, March 9th. In June, four
companies were stationed at Loudon, and a detach-
ment at Strawberry Plains. In August, Wheeler
made his raid in rear of Sherman's army, and was
driven from Sweetwater to Strawberry Plains, a dis-
tance of one hundred and fifty miles, by the regiment.
The regiment moved to Cleuveland, Tennessee, Octo-
ber 7tli, and soon thereafter to Chattanooga. It
joined in the cavalry raid against Saltville, and on
the return of the expedition in December, as a pro-
visional brigade, under Colonel Hawley, covered an
extensive foraging expedition on the French, Broad

HISTOEY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

and Cliucky rivers, in East Tennessee and North
Carolina; during tlie winter of 1864 and 1865, occupy-
ing Danbridge, Allen's Ford, Leadville, Greenville
and Newport. With constant detached fighting with
guerrillas of Vaughn's and Debrill's commands, a large
amount of grain, beef and pork was obtained and
floated down to Knoxville. In the spring of 1865, the
regiment was assigned to the First Brigade, Fourth
Division, Colonel C. G. Hawley, commanding. In con-
nection with General Stoneman's raid and the general
advance of troops, thebrigade moved toward Virginia
and North Carolina, and occupied the mouth of
Roane Creek and Taylorsville in East Tennessee, and
State Gap, Boone, Watauga Gap and head of Yadkin,
in North Cai-olina, shutting up all the mountain
passes to the retreating rebels in Virginia. After the
surrender of Lee and Johnston the brigade was sent
down to Ashville, North Carolina, thence to Raban's
and Saluda Gap, and at Webster, Tennessee, received
the surrender of the hostile Indians, two thousand
strong, under the .chief, the i-ebel Thomas. Return-
ing to Greenville, Tennessee, the regiment remained
in camp till July 15th, when it started homeward for
the muster-out, and was discharged and paid at Camp
Dennison, August 1, 1865.

BATTERY B, FIRST OHIO LIGHT ARTILLERY

was organized at Camp Dennison, and mustered into
the service October 8th, 1861, with an aggregate
strength of one hundred and forty-seven men. It
reported to Gen. George H. Thomas, at Camp Dick
Robinson. The first experience it had in the field was
a brisk little affair at Camp Wildcat, in which it fired
twelve rounds and silenced one of the enemy's guns.
November 5th, the battery moved to Fishing Creek,
and for a montli did scouting duty. It remained
here until January 17th, and moved to Mill Springs,
where it was engaged in the battle, and did very
effective service. February 10th, the battery moved
to Louisville and embarked on transports for Nash-
ville, where it arrived March 4th, 1862. Here it was
assigned to Barnett's Artillery Reserve, and until
July 10th was engaged in expeditions through middle
Tennessee. It was at the battle of Perryville, but
was not engaged. At the battle of Stone River it
was involved in the disaster on the right, but suc-
ceeded in withdrawing all its guns from the field. It
lost seventeen men killed, wounded and missing, and
twenty-one horses killed. June 24th, it Joined in the
advance on TuUahoma. At the battle of Chica-
mauga it was charged repeatedly by the rebels, and
at last overwhelmed and compelled to leave two guns
in the enemy's hands. It was cooped up in Chatta-
nooga and suffered all the privations of the siege.
October 19th, it went into quarters at Black Oak
ridge, where it remained until the battle of Chatta-
nooga. It then moved to Nashville.

January 4, 1864, sixty-five of the original mem-
bers of the battery re-enlisted as veterans and were
furloughed home.

Returning to Nashville, in March, it reported on
the 16th at Bridgeport, Alabama, where it remained
until July, 1866. It was then sent home to Colum-
bus, and mustered out, being one of tlie last organi-
zations to leave the service.

THIRD OHIO VOLUXTEER CAVALRY.

This regiment was organized in September, 18G1,
at Monroeville, Huron county. It was largely
recruited from Huron and Erie counties. On Janu-
ary 14, 1863, the regiment moved to Camp Dennison.
In February following, it went to Jeffersonville,
Indiana. It arrived at Nashville, Tennessee, j\Iaicli
18th, and on the 29th it left for Pittsburg Landing.
Arriving there on the 25th of April, it encamped four
miles from the river. During this inarch jNIajor
John H. Foster went with a detachment to Mount
Pleasant, and captured a large quantity of l)acon
which was turned over to the quartermaster. May
4th, the first battalion went on a reconuoisance. At
Monterey the enemy were met and dfiven back to
their main body. The Third then moved to within
ten miles of Corinth. Here Major Foster advanced
to within sight of the enemy's lines. In falling back,
he was followed by the rebels, and a brisk fight ensued,
resulting in the death of twelve reljels. May 27th,
the enemy was discovered in force on the line of the
Memphis railroad, west of Corinth, engaged and
routed. After much marching, the regiment went
into camp at Winchester, July 18th. Leaving this
camp August 14th, the regiment and division moved
to McMinnville. Here Major Foster took his battalion
to Dunlap, five miles from this point. The enemy's
pickets were encountered and driven in. Foster then
returned to his division. September 3d, the division
marched to Nashville, thence to Gallatin and Mum-
fordsville, where it arrived on the 21st. On the same
day, the first battalion had a sharp engagement with
three times its own number, and drove them into their
works in three separate charges. • It lost twelve
wounded and two killed. The enemy lost thirty-eight
killed and sixty wounded.

On the 22d of September, inarched to Louisville,
and on October 1st, resumed the pursuit of Bragg's
rebel army. Near Bardstown, in an attack upon the
enemy, Major Foster was disabled. On October 20th,
a detachment of the Third, some two hundred and
fifty, acting as special escort, were captured by John
Morgan's thieves. After being robbed of their valu-
ables, and dismounted, they were paroled, sent into
the national lines, and ordered to Camp Chase, Ohio.

The remaining portion of the second and third
l)attalious were next stationed on the line of the rail-
road from Bowling Green to the vicinity of Gallatin.
John Morgan's guerrillas lay at the last named jilace.
Colonel Zahm sent a detachment on a reconuoisance
to Gallatin, to ascertain Morgan's strength and posi-
tion. The rebel pickets were captured, and the re-
quired information obtained. At daylight, the next
morning, the cavalry, supported by a brigade of in-

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

fantry, commanded by Colonel C. G. Harker, attacked
Morgan's camp, and succeeded in capturing his camp
equipage and a large number of prisoners. Morgan
retreated to Lebanon, Tennessee. Here for the first
time during an active campaign of seven months'
duration, the second and third battalions of the
Third Cavalry met the first battalion under novel
circumstances. Colonel Zahm, on approaching Gal-
latin, was attacked by a cavalry force, which proved
to be his own first battalion. This unfortunate mis-
take was probably the cause of Morgan's escape at
that time, he being apprised, by the rapid firing, of
the approach of the national forces.

From Gallatin the regiment moved to Hartsville,
Tennessee, where it went into camp. A detachment,
under command of Captain E. M. Colver, under orders,
went up tlie Cumberland river to Carthage, to inter-
cept a drove of mules and rebel stores, which were
being removed by rebel quartermasters, and accom-
panied by an escort of Morgan's guerrillas. After a
chase of twenty-six miles, fording the Cumberland
river four times, they succeeded in capturing the entire
rebel train, and drove oil one hundred and forty six
mules, routing the escort to the train, killing three,
and capturing seventeen prisoners, among whom were
two rebel quartermasters and a paymaster.

During the time the regiment was in camp at
Hartsville, it was almost daily engaged in skirmish-
ing. In December, this portion of the Third Cavalry,
moved to near Nashville, and here the first battalion
joined its regiment. December 21st, a reconnoisance
in force was made to Franklin, Tennessee. The
rebels were driven from the place, and some prisoners
captured. The forces then returned to Nashville.
In this affair the notorious rebel guerrilla, thief, and
murderer, Dick McCann, was relieved of his antici-
pated Christmas dinner by some of the boys of the
Third Cavalry.

December 20th, the regiment took position on the
right of Rosecrans' army, near Franklin. On the
27th, a second attack was made on Franklin, which
resulted in a complete rout of the enemy. The regi-
ment then moved toward Triune, and at night en-
gaged the enemy.

On December 29th, a reconnoisance in force was
made. On the evening of the 30th, the regiment was
assigned position on the extreme right. At two o'clock
on the morning of the .31st, the first battalion being
on picket duty, apprised Colonel Zahm, of the advance
of the rebel forces. The brigade was placed in line of
battle, and the first biittalion formed as skirmishers.
At four o'clock in the morning the skirmish line was
driven in, and the brigade attacked by Wheeler's rebel
cavalry. After two hours' fighting, through superi-
ority of numbers, the rebels forced the main portion
of the brigade from the field. During the morning
of the 31st, the "rebs" captured General McCook's
corps ammunition train, and was removing it from the
field. The second and third battalions of the Third
Cavalry, who withstood the shock, and remained at

their posts, made a dash at the enemy and recaptured
the train, taking one hundred and forty prisoners, and
killing a number of rebels and horses. During the
afternoon of the 31st, the regiment lost, in sustaining
a charge made by the rebels, thirteen killed and a
large number wounded.

At noon of January 1, 1863, the Third Cavalry
left the field to escort a train of four thousand wagons
for Nashville, after supplies. The train was attacked
at Stewart's creek Ijy Wheeler's rebel cavalry, and the
regiment, supported by the Tenth Ohio Infantry, re-
pulsed the rebels with severe loss. Later in the day
the train was attacked by the same force. A portion
of the Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, eight hundred
strong, being the rear guard, was attacked and com-
pletely routed by the rebels. The Third Cavalry, in
the rear, came up and met the enemy. A sharp fight
ensued, lasting until after nightfall, in which the
rebels were repulsed. The train was safely taken
through to Nashville, laden with supplies, and re-
turned to Murfi'eesboro'. After the battle of Stone
River, the Third Cavalry was sent in pursuit of the
enemy, and near Middleton, Tennessee, attacked his
rear guard and cajotured one of his trains. The regi-
ment then returned and went into camp at Murfrees-
boro'. While stationed here, the second battalion was
detached, and reported to Colonel Hazen, at Ready-
ville. Here it skirmished frequently with John Mor-
gan's oxitlaws. While in camp at ilurfreesboro', a
detachment of the third battalion, while on a scout,
was attacked and completely suri'ounded by the eiie-
my. A demand was made for surrender, and refused.
Lieutenant Brenard, in command, ordered a saber
charge, and cut his way through the enemy's lines
with slight loss, taking a number of rebel prisoners.
On the general advance of the army from Murfrees-
boro', in July, 1863, the Third was engaged in skir-
mishing almost daily. In the Sequatchie valley the
enemy was encountered, and a running fight of three
days' duration ensued. During the battle of Chicka-
mauga the regiment occupied a position on the ex-
treme left, and afterward moved in pursuit of the
rebel Wheeler's cavaby, through Tennessee, engaging
them at McMinnville and Farmiugton. The latter
engagement was a handsome and successful cavalry
fight. Wheeler's forces were completely routed and
demoralraed, large numbers of the rebels being killed
and captured. In this engagement the Third Cavalry
lost two men killed and twenty-three captured.

In November. 1863, detachments of the regiment
scouted through the mountains of Etist Tennessee.
In January, 186-i, at Pulaski, Tennessee, the Third
Cavalry re-enlisted. Of the original number of thirteen
hundred, only four hundred effective men were left at
this date. On the 4th of February, it left Nashville
for Ohio, and reached Monroeville, where it met with
a cordial reception. On March 2. 1864. the Third rc-
assemliled at Monroeville. Through the efforts of
Major Charles W. Skinner and Cai)tain E. M. Colver.
nearlv one thousand recruits were enlisted, and on its

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

return to the front at Nashville, it numbered over
fifteen hundred strong. At Nashville it was re-equip-
l)ed, armed and mounted.

About May 1st, the Third moved from Columbia,
Tennessee, as the advance guard of the Seventeenth
Army Corps. At Courtland, Alabama, the regiment
was engaged with the rebel General Rhoddy's com-
mand. The rebels were routed with the loss of a
lieutenant-colonel, major and upward of thirty men
killed and wounded. Reaching Rome, the Tliird
Cavalry was assigned to a position on the left flank of
Sherman's army, and participated in the engagements
at Etowah, Kenesaw Mountain. Noonday Creek, and
at the crossing of the Chattahoochie river. It was
sent to Roswell, Georgia, to destroy the rebel stores
and factories at that place. In this affair four hund-
red factory-girls were captured and sent through the
lines. At McAfee Bridge; on July 9th, four com-
panies of the Third Cavalry, under command of
Captain E. M. Colver, engaged a superior force of
rebel Texan cavalry, killing a lieutenant and seven men,
and capturing a large number of prisoners and horses.

The regiment was engaged in the battle of Peach
Tree Creek and Decatur, and in the raid to Covington,
Stone Mountain, and in the Stoneman raid, in each of
which it suffered severely. After the occupation of
Atlanta the regiment encamped at Decatur, Georgia.
It was sent in pursuit of Hood. It was engaged in
the battles of Franklin, and before Nashville. It was
engaged in the Wilson raid through Alabama and
Georgia, and at Selma, Montgomery, Macon and Grif-
fin. It was engaged in the chase after Jeff. Davis.
Lieutenant D. C. Lewis and a number of other officers
were captured at Selma. Lieutenant Lewis was after-
ward paroled, and while on his way home, was killed
in the explosion of steamer Sultana, near Memphis.

Under orders from General Thomas, the Third
turned over its horses and arms at Macon. It pro-
ceeded to Nashville, and was mustered out, from thence
to Camp Chase, Ohio, where it was paid off and dis-
charged on the 14th of August, 18G.5, having served
four years, — less twenty days.

COMPANY

THIRD REGIMENT OHIO VOLrNTEERS.

IMESICA.N WAR.)

The following is the muster roll of a company in
the Third Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, commanded
by Colonel Samuel K. Curtis, and called into the ser-
vice of the United States by the President, under the
act of congress approved May 13, 1846. All but two
were enrolled at Norwalk, by General McLaughlin,
and mustered into service at Camp Washington, Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, by Captain Shriver, June -^4, 184(i.
They were discharged August 31. 184ti.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Chauncey Woodruff Second LieuteDaiit Owen Francis

First Lieutenant William W. Rob .Second Lieutenant Edward T.
inson Croxford

NO.S-COMMISSIO.VED OFFICERS,

bergeaut Benjamin R. Pratt . Corporal Charles Tupper

Sergeant El>enezer S. Sacket. Corporal Hiram Brant,

Sergeant Samuel Haskell. Corporal Elie D. Eaton

Sergeant Daniel Leslie Corporal Samuel N. Terrillanini .
11

John Austin,
W^illiam "W. Ackerman.
Silas Bemus,
Joseph Bosler,
MathewR. Birdsell,
Charles Bailey,
John Van Buskirk.
Samuel Barus.
Albert Bartholomew ,
Hudson T. Curtis.
Alexander Cole,
JohnD. Curtis.
George Clark.
Leonard C. Cronk.
William Church
Milo Caton .
Hiram A. Curtis .
Orlando Chamberlin
David M. Catlin.
George Dart.
Joseph Dunlap.
Samuel C. Dean.
George S. Davis.
James Elliot ,
Jasper Flint,
Cyrus Francis .
Samuel W. Gordon,
John Gingerich.
George H. Goodwin.

.leseph Hoover.
Slyvester Hoyt.
John Jones.
Alfred Jacobs
Newton Leonard.
Sidney C. Miller.
John McGookey .
Tibius Mabie.
!: imeon Preston .
Husted Pierce,
William McPherson.
George I. Read
Henry Ray ,
Joseph Smith .
Edward D. Stephens
Alfred B. Stephens.
Samuel Shields,
Andrew I. Todd.
Warren Z. Webster.
James A. Wilson. .
Reuben I. Woolcot.
George Woolcot.
Harry Woodruff .
Fry Williams,
Thomas Riley,
James G.Wilson.
Charles Burr.
John Gruesbeck.
Ambrose Steel.

Charles Burr died at Brazos Santiago, July 28. 1846, of solar i
fever.

John Gruesbeck died at the same place, July 31, 1846, of congestion of
the brain

Ambrose Steel was discharged at Matamoras, August I". 1846, on sur-
geon's certificate . •

COMPANY C, FIFTEENTH UNITED STATES INFANTRY'.

This company served during the Mexican AVar as fol-
lows: August "20, 1847, in the battles of Contreras and
Cherubusco; September 8th, battle of Moliuo del
Rey; September 11th, battle of Chepaultepec; and
marched into the City of Mexico, under General Scott,
September 14, 1847.

COMMISSIO.VED OFFICERS

Second Lieutenant Cornelius
Ketchum .

NOX-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS .

; Fred. Laubenheimer. Sergeant A. J. Dewaldt.
Sergeant Anthony S. Sutton

PRIVATES .

Crawford White .

Lester Huyck.

A.J.Sutton

.\nda Riker.

Joseph Kelble.

WiUiamBoothe,

Robert Buck.

Joseph Maltby

George A. Dean,

E. Little.

Simeon Jones,

Ward.

Alfa Jones

Zahn

and others whose names are forgotten

CHAPTER XX.

ROSTER OF SOLDIERS.

EKiHTII REGIMENT OHIO VOLCNTEER IN-FANTRY,
COMPANY D.

Mustered into the service at Camp Dennison, Ohio, June 44, 1861. Mus-
tered out of service July 13, 1864.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Franklin Sawyer, promoted to Major June 28, 1861; to Lieuten-
ant Colonel November 3, 1861; and to Brevet Brigadier General
March 1, 1865.

First Lieutenant Daniel C. Daggett, promoted to Captam July 9, 1861 ;
resigned June 27, 1862.

Second Lieutenant Anthony S. Sutton, resigned March 1, 1862.

HISTORY OF HUROK AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

KON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant John Reid, promoted to Captain Februarr 6, 1862

Sergeant Jolin G. Reid. promoted to Captain of Company H.

Sergeant Salem T. Howe, discharged on Surgeon's certificate March 11,

1863.
Sergeant John Briggs, liilled in action at Antietani September IT, 1862.
Sergeant Elijah T. Kust, killed in action at Winchester, Virginia, March

2:3. im-i.

Corporal Charles S. Manahan, promoted to First Lieutenant March 1,

18tM; killed at Spottsylvania May 12, 18M.
Corporal Samuel P. Bonett. killed at Fredericksburg December 1.3, 1862.
Corporal William W. Farmer, killed in action at Antietam, Maryland,

September 17, 18S2.
Corporal Ezra Stevens, mustered out at expiration of service .
Coi-poral William Gridley. Jr , mustered out at expiration of service.
Corporal Robert W. Park, discharged December 1, 1862, for disability.
Corporal Ebenezer K. S. Bunce, died March 7. 1862, of wounds received

in the battle of Winchester.
Corporal Hubert W. Bowker, discharged August 2, 1862, by reason of

wounds received at battle of Winchester, Virginia, March 2;J, 1862;

promoted to Captain U.S.A.
Musician, Albert Yeatman, mustered out at expiration of service

PRIVATES.

Aaron Alvord, transferred to Invalid Corps December 13, 186:i.

George H. Allen, discharged May 11, 1862, for disability.

Ira H. Brooks.

Silas Bemis, discharged January 20, 1863, for disability.

Cornelius Booman, transferred to Company C, June 25, 1861.

Jay L. Curry, discharged October 27, 1862, tor disability.

Daniel F. Curtiss.

George W. Chandler, promoted to First Lieutenant, West Virginia Cav-
alry

Clarence Doneman. died October 18, 1861

Joseph Dewaldt.

David Ennis.

Virgil N. Ennis.

William S. Foster, promoted to First Lieutenant, Third Ohio Cavalry.

Robert Foster, discharged November 22, 1862, by reason of wounds re-
ceived in the battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862.

Frederic W. Fowler, discharged January 22, 1862, for disability.

Horace Fling.

Charles Fisher.

John Finn .

William Grover, died at Grafton, Virginia, October, 1861 .

James S. Graves, died December 17, 1862.

Peter Griffin, transferred to Company C, June 25, 1.861.

Adam Haumer, discharged December 27, 1862, for disability

David W. Hindman

Samuel Hohnes, discharged Februarj- 1, 1862. for disability

Samuel Holmes, discharged for disability

Lucius Hoyt, killed inaction at Antietam, September 17, 1862

Charles Johnson.

Joseph E. Jameson.

Nathan Jump.

Charles B. Keeler, died of dis.ease in the service.

George Klinnell, discharged February 1, 1862.

Joseph B. Knox.

David W. Long, transferred to Company C, June 25, 1861

Thomas Lee, transferred to Sixth United States Cavalry, October 22,
1862.

Charles Locher

George H. Long, transferred to Company C, June 25, 1861

Michael McCarthy, discharged February 1, 1862, for disability.

Peter A. Miller, died at Grafton, October 2, IS-il .

John Manin, joined Sixth U S. Cavalry

Thomas McHenrj-, killed near Whitehouse, in battle.

William Mountain, killed in action, a? Antietam, Maryland, September
17, 1862.

Alexander MelvlUe, killed at battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862.

Thomas Matthews, died of wounds received in the battle of the Wilder-
William F. Parker, discharged for wounds at Antietam.

Wilson S. Parker, promoted to Sergeant Major.

JohnF. P>craft

Lucius A Palmer, discharged July 1, 1862, for disability.

Henrj-G. Rust

William Reynolds, discharged for wounds at Antietam.

William Raymond, discharged January 9, 1862, for disability

Josiah Raymond, discharged January 20, 1862, for disabiUty.

Casper Rhoner, transferred to Fourth Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry,
June 2», 18&4.

Louis Rounds, transferred to Fourth Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry,
June 24, 1864: promoted to Captain.

John J. Reiber, transferred to Company C, June 85, 1881.

Lewis S. Rouse.

Hubert H. Russell, died at Oakland, October 25, 1861 .

Leo A. Sweet, discharged October27, 1861, for disabihty.

Daniel Starks, transferred to Sixth United States CavaUy, October 22,

1862
Williiam Steel, died of wounds received at Petersburgh,
Charles Stewart, transferred to Sixth United States Cavalry, October

82. 1868.
Frank ShafTer, killed in action at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 3, 1863.
George A. Scott, transferred to Sixth United States Cavalry. October

22, 1862.
James Taggart, transferred to Sixth United States Cavalry, October 22,

1862.
Joseph Taylor, transferred to Fourth Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry,

June24, )864.
Evander White.

David ^Miite, discharged for disability, October", 1862.
William J. Ward, died. December 28, 1863, at Stevensbui-gh
David 0. Ward, transferred to Sixth United States Cavalry, October

22, 1862.
Samuel F. Wend, transferred to Sixth United States Cavalry, October

22,1862.
William Wallace, transferred to Sixth United States Cavalry, October

22. 1862
Samuel R. Welch.
Frederick E. West.

Christopher C. Wood, discharged January 2). 1S62, for disability.
William W. Wells.

Evan Williams, discharged for disability.
John White.
The men not otherwise disposed of were mustered out with the Com-

FIFTEENTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY,
CO.MPANY A.

Arnold S. Johns, mustered January 30, 1364; discharged at San Antonio,
Texas.

PRIVATES.

Andrew Decker, mustered January 14, 1864; mustered out with com-

William Dennis, mustered January 25, 1865; mustered out with com-
pany.

Samuel R. Gatline, mustered December 81, 1863; wounded October 16.
1864; discharged July 13, 1865.

Charles Hammond, mustered February 88, 1864; mustered out with com-
pany.

Solomon Hammond, mustered December 17, 1863; mustered out with
company.

William H. Hammond, mustered February 10, 1864; date of discharge
not given.

Jeremiah Hartney, mustered February 38, 1834; mustered out with corn-
Francis Mullen, mustered February 19, 1864; mustered out with com-
pany.

Hugh McWhutter, mustered February 10, 1864.

Joseph Noble, mustered February 24, 1861; mustered out with company.

Joseph Whissen, mustered February 21, 1864; date of discharge not
given.

James W. White, mustered January 15, 1864; wounded in action Decem-
ber 31, 1862; discharged April 10, 1863.

Peter Wycoff, mustered January 1. 1864; mustered out with company.

Parker C. Bird, mustered December 7, 1863; discharged May 27. 1863.

Peter Hammond, mustered February 10, 1864; wounded in action Jtay
, 14, 1864; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps.

Edward Richardson, mustered February 10, 1864; wounded iu action
May 27, 1864 ; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps.

John Wycotf, mustered June 30, 1864: transferred to Veteran Reserve
Corps.

EIGHTEEN'TIi REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY,
COMPANY F.

Isaac Ames, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.
Dayton Andrews, recruit; discharged July 17. 1.863.
William L. Benton, recruit ; mustered out with company .
Daniel C. Brooks, recruit; discharged May 16, 1865.
Harvey M. Carley. recruit; mustered out with company.
John B. Coleman, recruit; mustered out with company.
John L. Dunbar, recruit; discharged October 31, 1864.
Harrison Eggleston. recruit: mustered out with company.
John L. Ennis, recruit; mustered out with company; appointed
poral.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Burns T. French, recruit; mustered out with company,
Solomon Foster, recruit; prisoner of war.
Joshua Foster, recruit; uo record of discharge.
Leonard Henry, appointed corporal May 10. 1865.
William Jeffrey, recruit; discharged July 20. 1865.
Fred. A. Ketchum, recruit; mustered out with company.
Martin Osborn, appointed corporal August 18, 1865.
John J. Pillen, recruit; mustered out with company.
George Snyder, appointed corporal May 10, 1865.
Leonard R. Simmons, recruit; discharged June -i, 1865.
Philip Smith, recruit; mustered out with company.
Patrick Shannossey, appointed corporal September 12, 1865.
Thomas Weston, recniit; died of wounds December 15, 1864.

NINETEENTH KEfU.MENT OHIO VOLl'NTEER INFAN-
TRY, COMPANY F.

Mustered into service at Camp Ford, September 25, 1861 . Mustered (
of service at San Antonio. Texas, October 24, 1865 .

r-COMMISSIONED

Sergeant John F. Cook, discharged June 1:3, 1862
Sergeant Edward L. Hall, discharged August 14, 1862

Andrew J. English discharged at expiration of service.

William N. Fugate, died March 14, 1863 of wounds .

Israel D. Gonser, appointed corporal ; wounded at Chickamauga, Georgia.

Robert Huston, discharged Octobers, 1864.

Samuel McConnell, died November 25, 1862,

David M. Rainsburg, appointed corporal; mustered out with company.

John R. Ross, discharged October 5, 1864.

James P, Rainsburg, died February 22, 1862,

Peter Loveland, discharged October 5, 1864.

John B. Shipley, discharged October 1, 1862.

Harry H. Shipley, promoted sergeant; mustered out with company.

Jesse Vamer, died October 19, 1862.

TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER IN-
FANTRY, COMPANY A.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Lyman M. Kellogg, resigned to accept an appointment in the

Eighteenth United States Infantry. (No date given).
First Lieutenant Moses F. Wooster, appointed Adjutant of the regiment

June 19, 1861 .
Second Lieutenant William B, Sturges, promoted first Lieutenant July

23, 1861; to Captain February 28, 1862, and to Major of the re^-iment,

November 7, 1863

NON-COMMISSIO.N-ED OFFICERS

First Sergeant Thomas M, McTlure, promoted to Second Lieutenant
July 23, 1861, and assigned to Company B

Sergeant Edgar B. Kellogg, promoted to Second Lieutenant July 85
1861, and assigned to Company K.

Sergeant David N. Bodflsh, died at Clarksburg, Virginia, August 4, 1861,

Sergeant John Acker

Sergeant David A , Merrill, promoted Second Lieutenant June 6, 1862;
assigned to Company F, January 10, 1863.

Corporal Hiram Whitney.

Corporal John H. Fosdiok, promoted to Sergeant December 26, 1862.

Corporal Paul Spohn, transferred to Company E, December 14, 1861.

Corporal Nathaniel P. Burt, promoted to Sergeant December 26, 1861.

Corporal Sumner W. Smead, discharged to enlist in Fourth U. S. Artil-
lery, Octobers:}, 1862.

Corporal William W. Minor, promoted Sergeant February 28, 1863.

Corporal Francis W. Bacon, discharged April 8, 1863.

Corporal Charles B. Davis, discharged August 7, 1862.

Fifer Osmer B, HaU, discharged July 20, 1862.

Wagoner Otis H, Van Tassell

Joseph Buckley.
Benjamin C. B:aii
Daniel Burnham
Edward Bartow.

PRIVATES.

Joseph E . Bonett, discharged November 5, 1861 .

John Bub, discharged August 5, 1862.

George W . Brown, promoted First Lieutenant and assigned to Company

C, August 15, 1864.
Henry E. Camp, discharged June 23, 1862.
JohnC.Coleman, discharged January 2.'i, 186:j, to enlist m Twelfth U.

S. Infantry.
Charles Coleman.
James W. Crum, died June 27, 1862
John Cook

Clark Calligan, discharged March 5, 1862.
Henry Carr, veteran volunteer.

Cortes Elliott, died at Cheat Mountain Septemb.r 1, 1861 .
Isaac I . Furman, veteran volunteer
Robert H. Herford, discharged June 25, 1862
Danforth G. Heimeway, discharged of wounds May 23, 1862.
Isaac Holman .

Carlton Humphrey, promoted Corporal January 14, 1863.
Charles I. Hoyt.

Arnold Hassler, promoted Corporal October 31, 1863.
James H. Jaques, promoted First Lieutenant July 4. 1863.
Epenetus P. Kinney, died of wounds May 6, 1862.
Joel W, Kinney
Henry Klabish .

Lewis G. Kies, promoted Commissary Sergeant August 11, 1861,
Gottleib L, Klein, died May 18, 1862.
William C. Linn, died March 6, 1863

Albert F. Le , promoted Corporal; died of wounds March 8, 1864.
Alexander McMillan, discharged January 20, 1862
August Meyer, died November 5. 1861 .
Frederick 3Ieyer.
Joseph M. Millis.
AmbeisE. Miller
David M,MUler.

John A. Meak, died September 8, 1861 ,
Edwin Miller, discharged April 21, 1862.
Mitchell A, Minor, promoted Corporal October 31, 1863
John A. Molock.

Charles G. Morehouse, promoted Sergeant Major December 18, 1861.
Harlan R. Page, died November 10, 1861.
Julius F. Pratt, veteran volunteer.
Addison Potter, veteran volunteer.
Milton F. Pettit.
Frank E. Pray.
George Quirin .

Jackson W. Ridgeway. discharged January 20, 1862.
Seneca Ronk, discharged October 22, 1863.
William Rice, discharged August 4, 1862.
George H. Stevens.
Levander Stacey, discnarged October 22, 1862, to enlist in Fourth U. S.

Artillery.
John A. Sheffield.

William E. Sherwood, appointed Wagoner October 31, 1863
Henry F. Sherman.
John Thomas.

Robert E . Tillinghast, veteran volunteer .
Palmer Whitney, died of wounds April 17, 1862
Edwai-d Wbitford, promoted Corporal January 14, 1863
Michael H Waggoner.
James M. Willson. veteran volunteer

Lewis Sewell, promoted Quartermaster Sergeant March 3, 1862.
Charles Trowbridge, killed in battle April 7, 1862.
Edward C. Pejk, died of wounds April 17, 1862.
Calvin L. Peck, died October 14, 1862.
Lathrup Taylor, died Februarys. 1863.
Reuben F. Atherton, died February 6, 1864.

Daniel D. Brooks, enlisted February 23, 1864.
Harry M. Carey, enlisted January 5, 1864,
John B. Coleman. enUsted January 5, 1864.
Harrison Egleston, enlisted February 23, 1864 .
Burnice T. French, enlisted February 23, 1864.
William Jeffrey, enlisted February 23, 1864.
Martin Ausborn. enlisted January 4, 1864.
John J. Pillers. enlisted January 5, 1864.
George Snyder, enlisted January 5, 1864.
Erastus F. Squire, enlisted January 5, 1864,
Leonard R, Sanmons, enlisted February 2:3, 1864.
Daniel Walper, enlisted Januarys, 1864.

John F. Blaudon, discharged June 6. 1862.
Angus McLaughhn. discharged July 29, 1862 .
Horace C, Hill, discharged February 27, 1863.

HISTOEY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

COMPANY C.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Lieutenant Enoch Weller, transferred to Company H, October 3,
1861; promoted to Major, August 11, 1862; killed in action, December
31, 1862.

Second Lieutenant Dewitt C . Wadsworth. promoted to Captain, February
16, 1863; Icilled in battle of Chickaniauga, September 30, 1863 .

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant Frank L. Myers, mustered out with company.

Sergeant John M , Root, died August 24, 1861

Corporal Alfred Marion, promoted to Sergeant, September 1, 18fii; killed

at battle of Stone river, December 31, 1861 .
Corporal Francis Bradley; died, March 22, 1862.
Corporal Leonard B . Osborn
Corporal John M. Shepard.
Wagoner Charles Mc Graves, discharged February 16, 1862,

PRIVATES

Nelson Arnold

John Ami

one Anderson, killed July 25. 1861

John Brokely, died July 4, 1862.

Thomas W , Carpenter, mustered out with company

John Donevan, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps.

George Dart, killed by Joseph King, January 13, 1863.

Victor W . Frederick, transferred to Company H ,

John Heater, veteran vohinteer

John H Hibler

Joseph King, sentenced to twenty years imprisonment, and pay shopped,

for murder
William Luff,

Michael McGookey, mustered out with company
Henry Myers.

John Matt, promoted Corporal ; discharged (no date . )
Peter Miller, mustered out with company.
George Neidle. discharged. May 17, 1862 ,
Jason R , Orton .
James Quinn.

Peter Ryan, discharged, April 3, 1862.
Jackson Ryan, discharged. May 17, 1862,
Jacob Rinehart, mustered out with company.
Lewis Roble .

Charles Sills, discharged. January 20, 1862.
Richard Stetle, promoted Corporal
Bohard Stinley, mustered out with eompany .
Charles Studenhover. mustered out with company.
Charles Shirley, mustered out with company.
Henry Trout, mustered out with company ,
William Tetswood, discharged, January 20, 1862,
William Voit, mustered out with company.
George Vining, mustered out with company.
Charles Wilson.

Jacob Warner, mustered out with company .
Max Wolf.

William Luff, discharged. May 8, 1863.
Frederick Teater, discharged, September 8, 1862,

RECRUITS— PRIVATES ,

John L. Dunbar, transferred to the Department of the Cumberland
John L. Ennis. transferred to the Department of the Cumberland.
Solomon Foster, transferred to the Department of the Cumberland.
Joshua Foster, transferred to the Department of the Cumberland .
Henry Garrett, transferred to the Department of the Cumberland.
Leonard Henry, transferrt-il totha Department of the Cumberland.
William Marlow, trnn^^ferred t.> th.' Departmentof the Cumberland.
David Steigle, transf.T!>-(l t.. the Ht-partment of the Cumberland.
Philip Smith, transfenvd to the Dtpartment of the Cumberland.
Patrick Shunnessy. transferred to the Department of the Cumberland.
Tliomas Weston, transferred to the Department of the Cumberland.

CO.MPANY G.

Organized at Monroeville. Ohio. Mustered into service May 18. 1861
Mustered out June 19, 1864

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Henry Terry, promoted to Major June 6, 1802; killed at the bat-
tle of Stone River, Tennessee, December 31, 1862.

First Lieutenant Samuel Clock, resigned October 28, 1861 .

Second Lieutenant Robert G. Clark, promoted to First Lieutenant, and
transferred to Company H, December 14, 1881 .

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant James G. Breckenridge.

Sergeant Charles W. Olds, promoted to First Sergeant January 1. 1803,

Sergeant Coleman Ehrman, wounded at Shiloh April 7, 1862.

Sergeant Frederick Hettell .

Corporal Benjamin F. Skinner, promoted Sergeant July 21, 1861

Corporal Benedick Moser,

Corporal William Bennett, appointed Sergeant December 26. 1861;

wounded at Stone River: discharged July 5, 1863.
Corporal David O. Williams, promoted Second Lieutenant December 14,

1861, and transferred to Company H,
Corporal John N. Sivers. killed at the battle of Shiloh, Tennessee, April

7. 1862.
Corporal William B. Clark, discharged March 11, 1863
Corporal Victor R. Monroe .

Corporal James Smith, discharged November 6, 1862,
Wagoner, John O'Conner, discharged January 14, 1864.

PRIVATES.

Thomas C. Arnold, mustered out with company.

John R. Bloomer, mustered out with company.

JohnBertch.

Jacob Born, promoted Corporal ; died of wotmds November 18, 1863

James W . Conant ,

Luther Conklin,

Charles C. Clemmons, killed June 30, 1862,

Robert Dutchman, discharged August 4, 186!

Timothy Dorsey, died September 2, 1862.

Henry Dewitt.

William S. Finch, died February 7, 1862.

John G. Frederickson, discharged October 23, 1862. and enlisted in the
Fourth United States Artillery,

Martin Frederickson. discharged on account of wounds, Feb 23, I86;3

John Friderger, died October 11, 1862.

Henry L. GrifiBn, discharged September 20, 1861.

Alexander I . Grant, captured at Stone River ,

Peter Grisel ,

Lucas Geif ell, discharged October 29, 1862, to enlist in the Fourth United
States Artillery ,

Youngs Gregory, discharged January 2, 186:3

Gottleib Hilber, discharged July 20, 1863,

Emory A. Hulbert. discharged to enlist in Fourth United States Artil-
lery, October 23, 1862.

John Harley, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps

David W. Heath, discharged to enlist in Fourth United States Artillery.
October 23. 1862,

Paul Hager, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps

William H. Hughes,

William Hyber.

George M. Hulburt, discharged February 23, 1863.

James Herrington

Charles W. Hopkins, discharged June 28, 1862.

Gotleib Holzer,

Martin L. Hahn

William Jeffries,

Charles Kern, died August 14, 1861.

.John A. Lantz, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps,

Lewis Lemmon

Stephen C. Lobdell, discharged August 5, 1862.

Thomas R. Mitchell,

Frederick Myers.

James MoGrew, died October 21. 1862.

Berkhdtt Martz .

Hezekiah Masten, discharged February 23, 1863.

Abram R. Marsh, discharged September 23, 1863.

George F. Norman .

Dennis O'Brien, killed at Stone River, December 31, 1862.

Anton Peach, captured at Chickamauga .

John Rothgele, died March 29, 1862.

Joseph Rider, discharged October 16, 1863.

Joseph Reamer, 1st,

Joseph Reamer, 2d, captured at Chickamauga.

Joel W. Rickel, wounded at Chickamauga ,

Heber Squires.

John Stephens, discharged October 23, 180:3, to enlist in the Fourth
United States Artillery.

John A. Smith,

Jacob Swartz. transfei-reil to Veteran Reserve Corps

Casper Seabolt.

Thomas G. Stuchfleld

John B. Smith, died October 13, 1862.

Abram Spoors.

August Thomas,

William Williams, discharged December 0, 1862

Charles Weist, discharge* August 5. 1862.

Edgar A. Welch .

Isaac Bennett.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

THIHTY-SECOXD REGIMEXT OHIO VOLIXTEER IN-
FANTRY, COMPANY K.

Mustered into service, September 7, ISfil, at Camp Dennison, Ohio.
Mustered out of service, July 30, IWiS, at Louisville, Kentucky.

COMMISSIOSED OFFICER .

Captain Jay Dyer, resigned April 10, 1862

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

First Sergeant Russell B. Bennett, promoted Chaplain

Albert C. Bailey
Alonzo Blawett.
Benj. Y. Blaney.
Asa Carr .
Jacob Carr
Amba C. Cole.
George H. Courter
Aaron Clossen .
Hiram C. Fuller.
GUbertFravel.
Emery Garlinghouse .
John G rsuch
Erastus F. Granger.
Thomas C. Gaylord.
Thomas H. Grist.
Jesse W. Gardner.
Burton Hubbell.
William Z. Hubbell.
Nathaniel Haycock .
George Haycock
Enoch Hartrum
Ira Hartrum

This company became veterans i
No muster out rolls of first mustei
Office.

James Herroon .
Isaiah Irwin
Willis Lake.
William B. Massma
Aden Mullen.
Miles McLeod.
John C. Nutt.
George Osborne.
William Piper.
Harmon Robins
Abraham Robins .
Thomas E. Rose.
John H. Stenbeck.
Charles E. Smith
Selah J. Stark.
Hos^a C. Sherman
David Sherman.
John W. Taylor.
James S. Tyler
Phillip H. Waters.
George Warfield.
Oscar F. Weeks.

expiratic

o£ original enlistment,
e in Adjutant General's

■ THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLL'NTEER IN-
FANTRY, COMPANY E.

Mustered into service, February 25, 1863, at Cumberland, Maryland.
Mustered out of service July 37, 1865, at Wheeling, Virginia.

Transferred from Company E, Thirty-Fourth Regiment Ohio Volunteer

Infantry.
John W. Ernes. James V. Kirk.

William Fulkerson . Isaac J . Mead .

Theodore Gearing. Jacob Mullenkoph

JohnHecket. William Shickler.

Amos Hillborn . Samuel Sloan

Dennis Mulligan, discharged May 14, 1864.

These men, with one exception, were mustered out with company.

THIRTY'-SEVENTH OHIO VOLINTEER INFANTRY,
COMPANY A.

Mustered into service September 9. 1861, at Camp Brown, Ohio. Mus-
tered out of service August 7, 1865, at Little Rock, Arkansas.
Corporal Jacob Fehr, mustered out with company.
Private Johann EngraCF, mustered out with company.

COMPANY F.

Mustered into service September 23, 1861, at Camp Brown, Ohio. Mus-
tered out of service August 7, 1865, at Little Rock, Arkansas.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Sebaldus Hassler, discharged for promotion April 19

1863.
Sergeant Henry Reutsh, promoted Q. M. Sergt.
Corporal Peter Sailer, discharged October 8, 1803.
Musician, Gisbort Raymond, appointed Chief Bugler September 19, 1861..

Charles Bengel, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps April 30, 18i>4.

Theodore Dimisch. discharged for wounds June 1, 1862.

Henry Glaser, discharged June 11, 1862.

Casper Hardtman, discharged December 19, 1862.

Charles Happ, veteran volunteer; discharged for wounds April 5, 1665.

Frank Roth, promoted Corporal: discharged September 19, 1864.

11 A

John Straus, promoted Corporal; killed in action May 17. 1863.

Henry Stall, discharged for wounds May 35 (no year) .

John Steinrich, killed in action May 34, 1863.

Henry Schmidt, veteran volunteer.

Adolph Schwab, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.

John Wentzinger, veteran volunteers ; mustered out with company.

COMPANY (i.

Mustered into service September 19. 1861, at Camp Brown, Ohio. Mus-
tered out of service August 7. 1865, at Little Rock. Arkansas.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Corporal August Roedicker

Joseph Aborte, George Metzger,

Joseph Gartio. Lewis Schwartz.

FORTIETH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUX'TEER INFANTRY,
COMPANY I.

Mustered into service December 9, 1861, at Camp Chase, Ohio. Mus-
tered out of service . [No muster-out rolls of

this regiment on file at Columbus.l

COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

First Lieutenant Milton Kemper.

Sergeant David R Brown. i.orporal Jacob Edwards.

Corporal John Kearns Corporal James L. Kemper

Corporal Michael Shiltz.

Joshua Barker,
William Chambers,
Samuel Chambers,
James Corner,
Stephen Demona,
Conrad Fox,
William Grim,

Lewis Jones,
Nelson Maze,
Francis Pilliod,
Victor Soupp,
David Starret,
Christian Waggler,
.Jacob Waggler.

FORTY'-FIRST OHIO VOLUNTEER INFJ
COMPANY H.

Mustered into service at Camp Wood. Ohio, October 29,
out of service November 37, 1865.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant James McMahon, transferred to Company I,

Sergeant John O. Strong.

Corporal William H. Pierce.

Corporal Daniel H. Smith.

Corporal William H. Rossitter. promoted to Sergeant.

MuB cian Alonzo Hosford.

Seneca A. Camp, killed in battle April 7, 1863.

Hanson H . Camp.

James H. Grant, killed in battle November 23, 1863.

Charles Gunsaul, killed in battle, November 23, 1863.

Edwin Hasbrook.

Lester E. Marks.

Aquilla Mains.

Emraur E . Rossitter, killed i

Floyd Rossitter.

Philander Talcott

COMPANY

Sylvester M. Dawson, veteran volunteer, mustered out with c

Peter Clucky, discharged May 16, 1865.

Henry Tuttle, promoted Corporal, 1865.

William Greene, discharged June 7, 1865

Henry Talcott, kUled in battle November 37, 1863.

John Gleason, discharged June 7, 1865.

Elmer N. Wilkinson, veteran volunteer; promoted Corporal.

Sherman R Haskell, discharged January 9, 1865.

Francis Klenungger, mustered out. (Mo date)

COMPANY K.
Privat* Gilbert W Sherman, died in hospital . (No date)

I battle December

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

FIFTY-SECOXD REGIilENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFAN-
TRY, COMPANY K.

Mustered into service August 31, 1882. Mustered out of service June

3, 1865.
Private 'Michael Madden

FIFTY-FOURTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY,
COMPANY F,

COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Lieutenant Samuel Starr, promoted Captain: resigned March 15,

Peter Bates
Peter Mahon
Charles Merrii
Andrew Xelso

NOS-COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Corporal William Sprang.

Martin Orduer.
GilbertS. Orcut
.lohn Ruth
John Shaffer.
William Wilber

FIFTY-FIFTH RE(UMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Colouel John C. Lee. resigned, May 8, 1863.
Lieutenant-Colonel George H. Saflf ord, resigned, March 4, 18(33.
Major Daniel F. DeWolf, resigned October 8, 1863.
Chaplain John G. W. Coivles. resigned, Jul.v 21, 1862.
Surgeon Jay Kliug, mustered out on expiration of service.
Assistant-Surgeon Henry R. Spooner, promoted to Surgeon, November

20, 1863, and assigned to Si.^ty-First Regiment Ohio Volunteer In-
■"T fantry.

First Lieutenant and Adjutant Frank W. Martin, promoted to Captain.
First Lieutenant and A. Q. M. Robert G. Pennington, resigned, July 33,

1862.
Sergeaut-JIajor Mahlon L. Lambert, appointed October 25, 1861.
Quartermaster-Sergeant Benjamin C. Taber, promoted First Lieutenant ;

July IT, 1862, appointed Regimental Quartermaster.
Commissary Sergeant James G. Millen, transferred to Veteran Reserve

Corps.
Hospital Steward William E. Childs, re-enlisted as veteran volunteer,

January 1, 1864.

COMPANY A.

Mustered into service at Nonvalk, Ohio, December 31, 1801 , Mustered
out of service at Louisville, Kentucky, July 11, 1865

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS-

Captain Charles B. Gambee, promoted to Colonel, and killed in action

at Resaca, Georgia, May 15, 1,864.
First Lieutenant Benjamin F. Eldridge, promoted to Captain ; resigned

December 28, 1863.
Second Lieutenant William H. Long, resigned August 17, 1862.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Henry H. Moore, promoted to Captain; resigned Janu-
arylD, 1865.

Sergeant John E. Kunkel, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps.

Sergeant Charles M. Smith, promoted Second Lieutenant.

Sergeant Albert J. Dimick, mustered out at e.vpiration of service.

Sergeant William H. Harrington, mustered out at expiration of service.

Corporal Lyman T. Ford, veteran volunteer, promoted Sergeant Janu-
ary 1, 1864.

Corporal John Stevens, discharged for disability July, 1862.

Corporal John Ryan, discharged for disability August 22, 1862.

Corporal James W. Saunders.

Corporal George A . Stillson, discharged tor disability July, 1862.

Corporal Sidney F. Sinclair, discharged for disability July 22, 1862.

Corporal Oren J. Stark, discharged for disability August 7, 1868.

Musician, Daniel Herring, died a prisoner May 27, 1863.

Musician, George W. Goodell, veteran volunteer, mustered out with
company.

Wagoner, William H. Ciyder, died of small pox July 26, 1803.

Horace B. Adams, veteran volunteer, mustered out with company.

Nelson Barber, died of woimds May 20, 186-3

Philip Beckley, veteran volunteer, mustered out with company.

virh company.

Thomas Beckley, veteran volunteer, mustered out

Stephen Beckley, promoted Sergeant December 17. 1864.

James Boughton. veteran volunteer, mustered out with company.

Louis S. Bergstrener, transferred January 16, 1864.

Joseph Ball, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps September 1. 1863.

James Carver, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps September 14, 1863.

John Chinrock, died of wounds, July 31, 1863.

Howard M. Coleman, discharged October25, 1802.

Albert Chapman, discharged April 26, 1863.

Albert P. Curiy, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, January 15, 1864.

William Charvill, discharged September 1, 1862.

Milton Crockett, mustered out June 3, 1865

ElUott A. Cobb, veteran volunteer, mustered out with company .

AlonzoCorser promoted Sergeant March 1, 1865; veteran volunteer.

Henry R Carver, mustered out June 32, 1865

Levi Close, mustered out June 2, 1865.

Miles Duesler, promoted Sergeant; died June 3, 1863, of wounds received
at Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 2. 1863.

John J. Duesler, discharged on account of wounds August 14, 1863;
right arm amputated

Francis Davis, mustered out with compan.v.

George G. Dietrich, mustered out with company

Uriah M. Eckhart, veteran volunteer; re-enlisted January 1, 1864; mus-
tered out with company .

Martin J. Ford promoted Corporal Januarj- 1, 1864; veteran volunteer.

Benjamin F. Fulkerson. lost on steamer General Lyon, while a prisoner.

Arthur Franklin^ killed at Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 2, 1863.

John Grubb mustered out with company.

William H. Goodson, discharged July 22, 1S63.

Francis Gale, discharged November 34, 1863.

Henry Gale, discharged April 23, 1362.

John Gleeson, veteran volunteer.

Henry Gehring, discharged August, 1862

George H. Gale, discharged May 18. 1862.

Charles Gale, mustered out December 20 1865.

Charles Haler. killed at Resaca, Georgia, May 15, 1864.

Henry J. Hayward, promoted Corporal January 1, 1864; veteran vol-
Henry Henney, veteran volunteer.

Theophilus P. Howard, discharged November 26, 1862

William Hartman, received gunshot wound through right arm at Chan-
cellorsville, Virginia .

Samuel Henney. veteran volunteer; died of wound received at Resaca.

William Hyde, died March 18, 1863.

Dexter R. Jones, discharged November 1 1862

Rollin Jacoy, died March 30, 1862.

Thomas A. Kunkel, mustered out June 83, 1865

Jesse Khne .

William E. Miller, promoted Sergeant January 1, 1864

John Moyer. mustered out with company.

Charles R Mathis, discharged December 10, 1862.

Amandus Mohr, died of wounds, July 14, 1863, received at Chancellors-
ville, Virginia.

Aretas Miller, mustered out with company

James G. Millen.

David McCormick, veteran volunteer

James B. Mohn .

George W. Orwig. veteran volunteer; mustered out with company; cap-
tured at Chancellorsville, Virginia; paroled and exchanged

Jolm Peightle, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.

Silas P. Riley, killed at second battle of Bull Run, August 30, 1862.

Elias Smith, veteran volunteer ,

William Stegman, mustered out with company.

Samuel Smith, discharged April 16, 1863.

Elias Stearns, discharged March 23, 1862.

Dewalt J. Swander. mustered out with company .

James Slinker, veteran volunteer.

Jonas Shoemaker, veteran volunteer

William E. Sheffield, discharged December, 1862, of wounds received at
the second battle of Bull Run

James Sowards, died at Louisville, Kentucky, July T, 1864, from wounds.

WiUiam Sowards, veteran volunteer

Ashael P. Smith, promoted to Hospital Steward, May 1, 18i)5.

RossC.Tremain, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.

Amaziah Thorp, mustered out with company.

George W. Todd, discharged December 23, 1863.

Charles H. Welch, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.

Eli C. Wright, died of measles March 8, 1863.

George O. Winters, not on muster-out roll .

Jefferson Wright, mustered out with company

Moses W, Wilt . mustered oi« with company

Russell S. Williams, killed near Bentonville, North tarolina. March 16,

Benjamin Zimmerman, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.
James H. Bitting, enlisted February 13, 1864; mustered out with com-
pany .
Sylvester Hevelone, enlisted Feb, 19, 1864; mustered out with company.

HISTORY OF HUEON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Martin Landenschaler enlisted February S, 1864; mustered out with

company .
William M. Giles, recruit .
Frederick Close discharged October IS. 1864.
James J. Null, recruit.

Edward Farnsworth. discharged June 8, 1865 .
George W. Price, discliarged
NeLson Crockett, promoted Second Lieutenant; wounded at Bull Run;

discharged June 3. 1863 .
Jacol) B. Wales, recruit
Walter E. Long, recruit.
Benjamin F. Moore, recruit .

COMPANY V.

Mustered into service October 16 1861. Mustered out of service
July 11, 1865.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

Captain Horatio N. Shipman, resigned March 10, 1863

First Lieutenant Henry William Persing, promoted Captain and

A. Q. M. July 18, 1863.
Second Lieutenant Arthur Cranston, resigned March 15, 1862.

Fi St Sergeant Walter W. Thomas, promoted Second Lieutenant March
13. 1862; died April 6, 1862.

Sergeant Thomas 0. Leary. promoted First Lieutenant March 6, 1863:
resigned December 28, 1863.

Sergeant James Young, discharged April 23, 1863.

Sergeant Stephen L. Saunders, veteran volunteer ; wounded at Cedar
Mouutaiu Virginia, August 9, 1862.

Sergeant Robert Y'oung. promoted Sergeant January 1, 1864.

Corporal John R. Lowe promoted Second Lieutenant: wounded at Bull
Run August 30, 1864.

Corporal Henry B. Warren promoted First Sergeant: wounded at Get-
tysburg July 3. 1863. .

Corporal Charles H. Lockwood, discharged March 29, 1862.

Corporal Edwin H. Butler, discharged January 20, 1863.

Corporal William Bellamy, banner bearer, killed August 30, 1862.

Corporal Bradford N. Kellogg, veteran volunteer; mustered out with
company .

Corporal William H. Long, appointed Sergeant October 16, 1861; dis-
charged October 27, 1862.

Corporal James D. Walker, discharged October 29, 1862.

Musician, John Bowers, discharged October 5, 1862.

Musician, Billy N. Mtssenger, discharged September 3, 1862

Wagoner, Justus Squire discharged October 4, 1862.

Albert Q. Adams, discharged November 25, 1862.

Ernest Anson, wounded at Gett.ysburg July 3, 1863; mustered out with

company.
Jack B. Burch, mustered out with company.

Xavier Bergamyer, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.
Lewis Bauer, transferred Veteran Reserve Corps, 1863.
Frank P. Barton, promoted Corporal ; wounded at Resaca, Georgia, May

13, 1864: died Blay 22, 1864.
William H. H. Bemis, discharged October 2r, 1862.
Silas Brown, discharged June 22, 1863.

Robert Blake, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.
Benjamin F. Bemis. killed November 23, 1863.
Enoch M. Bell, veteran volunteer: mustered out with company.
Thomas Carr, discharged January 1, 1863.
William A. Crawford, promoted Corporal; killed at Resaca, Georgia,

May 15, 1864,
Milton N. Cowles, promoted Corporal; captured at McDowell, Virginia;

exchanged ; mustered out with company.
Andrew W. Clawson, promotrd Corporal November?, 1864.
Wilham Coultrip, wounded at second Bull Run battle.
William Cowell, wounded at second Bull Run battle.
James M. Chaffee, discharged December 29, 1864.
William Dourian, discharged September 4. 1862.
Henry C. Ellis, discharged September 8, 1862.
Alden A. Emmons, died July I'.i, 1862.
Oscar F. Fuller, discharged January ,30, 1863.
Henry J. Fay, promoted Corporal January 6, 1863.
Wesley C. Fay, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps Marcli 1, 1864.
Nyruni Gregory, mustered out May 20, 1865.
Henry H. Hess, died a prisoner July, 1862.

Henry H. Hess, discharged June 8, 1865 . .

Edwin H. HoUister, discharged September 21, 1862.
Thomas J. Harris.

Tames Hartney , promoted Sergeant October 38, 1864 .
Edward G. Harris, discharged April 10, 1863.
William Gaeger.
George E. Jefferson.

William Jurrett, discharged March T, 1813 .

David E. Jefferson, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, December 2,

1863.
Michael Kavanagh .

Alonzo Keeler, promoted Sergeant January 1, 1,864.
Burnie M. Kline, veteran volunteer, mastered out with company.
Charles C. Lowe, promoted Corporal July 11. 1864.
Jacob Mitchell, killed at Gettysburg July 3, 1863
John R. Myer, killed at Gettysburg July :3, 1863.
Samuel McGuckiu, killed at second Bull Run August :iO, 1862.
David McGuckin, discharged April 29, 1862.
Azenia A. Nickles, promoted Sergeant May 1_, 1865.
Francis M. Nickles, promoted CorjJoral May 1, 1865
Albert Niles, discharged May 20, 1863.
Williston Osborn, discharged October 9. 1862.
Cyrus M. Osier, discharged February 6, 1863.
John P. Patterson, died March 6, 1862.
Wilham M. Parks, discharged October 27, 1862
George W. Plue, discharged September 4, 1862
Jackson N. Pinney, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, 1864.
Henry C. Pinney, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, 1862.
John C. Purdy, veteran volunteer, mustered out with company.
William E. Pollock, killed at Gettysburg July 3, 1863.
Lewis Ray, discharged Decembers, 1862.
Edwin F. Russell, transferred to Volunteer Reserve Corps .
Lewis Roberts, veteran volunteer, mustered out with company.
William H. Robinson, discharged September :30, 1862.
George Riiz, discharged March 10, 1862.
Frank W. Sparks, discharged October 19, 1864 .
Rush R. Sloan, died at Grafton, Virginia, March 8, 1862.
John Sprotberry, discharged September 14, 1863.
Sickinger Rinehart, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, January 15»

1864.
Anthony A. Simmons, veteran volunteer, mustered out with company.,
William B. Saeman, veteran volunteer, mustered out with company.
Charles S. Saeman, discharged November 11, 1864.
Daniel D. Stage, died October 20, 1862.

James H. Stage, veteran volunteer, mustered out with company .
Benjamin Tanner, discharged July 6, 1865 .
John Taylor, veteran volunteer, mustered out with company .
Robert Vangorder, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. March 1, 1864.
Jonathan Welch, Jr., promoted Corporal Maj- 1, 1865.
Francis A. Williams, discharged October 20, 1863.
David A. Warren, promoted Sergeant: veteran volunteer, wounded at

Gettysburg and Bull Run .
George W. Wright, discharged September 9, 1862.
John White, discharged January 29, 1863.
Luther A. Welch, discharged April 16, 1863.
Sylvester Hull, killed May 15, 1864, at Resacca, Georgia.
Jay HoUister. died September 20, 1863.
Jerome Welch, wounded June 21, 1864; died July 10, 1864.
Corporal Francis Vangorder, discharged June 17, 1863 .
Wilbert L. Green, discharged January 14, 1865.
Elihu Westfall, recruit, discharged September 16, 1863.

•OMPANY D.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Frederick A. Wildraan, resigned February 12, 1863.

First Lieutenant Charles P. Wickham, promoted to Lieutenant Colonel,

June 6, 1864.
Second Lieutenant Frederick H. Boalt, promoted to Captain June 1.

1S63; resigned September 13, 1864.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant diaries M. Stillman, promoted First Lieutenant June 1,
1864; resigned.

Sergeant Williams. Wickham, promoted Captain September 26, 1864,

Sergeant Luther B . Mesnard.

Sergeant Barna Cooper, discharged September 26, 1862.

Sergeant James P. Jones, promoted to First Lieutenant April 1, 1864;
mustered out March 12, 1865.

Corporal Alvin B. Chase.

Corporal William C. Penfield. promoted Sergeant: captured at Gettys-
burg, Pennsyvania.

Corporal Frederick Rombo.

Coi poral Theodore M. Wood, promoted Sergeant, wounded and taken
prisoner at ChancellorsviUe, Virginia, May 2, 1863; exchanged; mus-
tered out with company.

Corporal Jacob Fetterman, killed at battle of Bull Run August :iO, 18ti2.

Corporal Noble Call, discharged July, 1862.

Corporal George CoUingwood, promoted Sergeant ; wounded at Chan-
cellorsviUe, Virginia. May 2, 186;3.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Corporal Edward E. Shayes, discharged November 20, 1863.

Musician. Guel M. Wood.

Musician, Win. Waldron.

Wagoner. Charles Florence, veteran volunteer.

PRIVATES.

Samuel Ashbolt. veteran volunteer.

Andrew Anderson, discharged September H, 1863.

Chauneey Adams, discharged Januai-y 12, 1863.

John Bitterman, discharged April 13, 1863.

David Battee. died July 3. 1862.

William Biler, discharged. (No date).

George Bailey, veteran volunteer.

Edwin Bedell, discharged February 8, 1863.

Finley Benson, veteran volunteer.

Irvin E. Barker, discharged December S3, 1862.

Moses P. Brewster, discharged February 1.5, 1S63

Robert E. Bailey, veteran volunteer.

Jacob A. Brown, taken prisoner at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 2,

1863.
Jacob Brown, veteran volunteer.
David L. Carpenter, taken prisoner at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July

2, 1863.
William F. Clark, discharged Decembers, 1861.

John A. Cain, taken prisoner at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 2, 1863.
William Cromwell, discharged on account of wounds received at second

battle of Bull Run. (No date).
Samuel ClafiSger.
James Doran.

George Doll, died at Alexandria, Virginia. (No date).
Richard Dobney, discharged January 12. 1863.
Mathew Donnelly, discharged December 22, 1862.
Joseph L. Day, discharged October 10. 1862.
Thomas E. French, discharged, October 15, 1862.
Henry Freeman, discharged, February 28, 1862.
John J. Fisher.
Charles E. Ganung.
Jacob Goble, veteran volunteer.
Charles C. Godfrey, discharged, Septembers, 1862.
Samuel Harrington, taken prisoner at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863.
John Hannerott, veteran volunteer.

Henry W. Husted, killed at Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 2, 1863
Evelyn E. Husted, promoted Corporal.
James M. Harland, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, August 13,

1863.
Charles H. Horton, promoted Corporal.
Charles L Hurlbut. promoted Corporal.
Lorin C. Hill, veteran volunteer.
Michael Hartnick, veteran volunteer.
Harrison Jones.
John Keller, veteran volunteer.
Gustave Knapp. veteran volunteer.

Alonzo B. Keeler. captured at Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 2, 1863.
Phillip J. Keller.

Clarence L. Keeler, killed, June 7, 1802.
Philetus C Lathrop.

Samuel Lane, discharged, August 23 1862. __

Peter Ludwig,
Henry Miller.

Thomas Newberry, discharged, April 22. 1862.
Charles Olens, transferred to Fourth United States Cavalry.
Walter R Perrin,.
George P. Palmer
Ludwig Reisterer, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, September 14, .

1863.
JairusH Rowland.

Charles .A. Stover, discharged, December 83, 1862
Charles Stacey, captured at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, .July 2, 1863
John Strouhnour.
William K. Starr.

Anthony Rhipman, discharged, (no ilate.)
Adolph Sibold.
Anthony Stienly
Benjamin C Taber.
Abner D Twaddle.
John M. Tread well.
Thomas C. Taylor

Jacob C. Utz. discharged for wounds, Januarys, 1963.
Edwarl F. Volck, wounded at Bull Run; died September 25, 1862.
Sumner A. Wing.

Daniel Wells, discharged, December 2, 1862.
George H. Walsworth. died. July 10. 1862.

Thomas Wilson, killed at Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 2, 1863.
George WiUey, discharged, (no date.i
Joseph Zimmerman, veteran volunteer.
Carl Zendersi wounded at Bull Run, August 2!l 1802
William Zarr.

I Quartermaster Sergeant.

COMPANY E.

Norwalk, Ohio, December 31, 1801. Mustered
It Louisville, Kentucky, July 11, 1865.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Major December 20, 1861 ; ]
864; .Acting Colonel when n

Captain Edwin H. Powers, promoted i

moted Lieutenant Colonel June 27,

tered out with regiment.
First Lieutenant Albert E. Peck, promoted to Captain March 6, 1863;

killed May 15, 1864.
Second Lieutenant Francis H. Morse, promoted to Captain March 19,

1864: resigned April 20, 1864.

NON-COMMISSIOSEO

First Sergeant Hiram K. Preston, died June 18, 1862.

Sergeant Henry W. Crosby .

Sergeant Giles King, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps August

1863.
Sergeant John H. Boss.
Sergeant Ambers Rice.

Corporal George W. Foote. discharged July 9, 1863.
Corporal Ira D. Peck, discharged April 16. 1863.
Corporal John West, discharged July 23, 1863.
Corporal John L. Flaharty.
Corporal Alpheus J. Peck, veteran volunteer.
Corporal John Bellman, promoted Sergeant; veteran volunteer.
Corporal John F. Wheaton, discharged September 22, 1863
Corporal William F. Smith .
Musician, John Allman.

Sewell C. Briggs, discharged for wounds November 22, 1862.

Thomas Brumbay, died of wounds August 23. 1863.

Erastus Barrit, died April .5, 1.862.

Henry Baxtuer, veteran volunteer,

Thomas E. Buckley, discharged for wounds March 3, 1863.

Thomas (Banning, discharged May 18, 1862.

Lewis Bellman, died July 11, 1.S62.

William F. Crapo, discharged October 13, 1862.

John Coppins, veteran volunteer.

William Clinton, discharged November 21 1862.

William Collins, veteran volunteer.

John Coupe, p-^omoted Sergeant: wounded in shoulder at second battle
of Bull Run .

William E. Childs, appointed Hospital Steward November 21, 1861 .

William Deleany. died February 14, 1863.

James Doughty, died March 22, 1862

Burton Farnsworth, discharged September 13, 1862.

John Furguson, discharged February 14. 1863.

Divid Gates, veteran volunteer.

George Howarth. transferred to Sixth United States Cavalry November
10, 1862,

William Harphain,

William Harris, died December 7, 1862.

William K. Horr

Edward Hotchkins, discharged December 26, 1862.

Henry Heff ron, veteran volunteer ,

Michael Hinaeey. wounded at Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 2, 1863, in
left hand and arm ,

Sidne.v Hooper, discharged April 10. 1862.

Edwin F. Hood, veteran volunteer.

Francis L. Jupp.

Mellville Jamison, veteran volunteer

Ira S. Jump, veteran volunteer.

William Jones.

Henry C. King, discharged October 19, 1882.

Henry Kloon, discharged August 29, 1862.

James H. Lowi-y, veteran volunteer; wounded in head at Chancellors-
ville, Virginia, May 2, 1863

James Larkins.

Ezra Lee ,

Alonzo McCord, discharged March 14, 1863.

George W. Minus, drowned April 18, 1862. while on duty

George H. Malloy ,

Rufus Norton, discharged June 9, 186:1.

Henry W. Opfer, discharged July 2, 1862.

Henry Opfer, killed at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. July :i, 18ta

Cyrrance A. Peck, discharged Septiamber 12, 1802.

Sterling H. Post, veteran volunteer.

Benjamin Pease, veteran volunteer.

Benjamin Pronto, veteran volunteer.

Anson Pease, veteran volunteer.

Myron B. Run.van, veteran volunteer.

-Alexander .M. Richards, discharged November 16, 1862

Jonathan Smith, veteran volunteer, wounded at Chancellorsville, Vir-
ginia, in the band.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Horace Smith, dieil February -M. 1803.

Jedediah D. Smith, veteran volunteer.

Ambrose D. Smith, discharged July 13. IStii.

Robert Scott, veteran volunteer: wounded at Chancellorsviile. Virgin

throirgh hip and leg.
Edward Sharp
William E. Sperart
Jolm W. Saftmau

Frederick J. Slatterie. discharged November 15, lS(i-V
Ulartiu Van Sickles, transferreil to Vetei-an Reserve Corps,
(ieorne Winklepliek, discharged November 16, 18Ba.
Johu Winklepliek. veteran volunteer.
Allen A. Winters veteran volunteer.
Havid Williams, discharged March 19, IStiS.
Frank Wyatt, veteran volunteer.
Mahlon T. Lambert, promoted Sergeant Major. October '^.5, I86I .

.t Norwalk, Ohio, December 31, 18U1. Mustered
t at Louisville, Kentucky. July 10. 1.16.).

Captain Ira C. Terry, resigned October 31, 1863.

First Lieutenant Richard Patrick, resigned June 10, 1863.

Second Lieutenant Hartwel) Osborn, promoted Captain August 4. 1863.

NON-COMUISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Nelson H. Nicholas, discharged January 1, 1863.

Sergeant Benjamin F. Erans. promoted to Captain April 24, 1865.

Sergeant Rodney Sanford. died January 14, 1863.

Sergeant Albert Gage, discharged September 1, 1863.

Sergeant Robert Fenson, veteran volunteer.

Corporal Elias Burrough.

Corporal Mason Catlin, killed in action May 3, 1863. at Chancellorsviile,

Virginia.
Corporal Hiram W. McGlone.

Corporal Andrew J. Sykes, promoted Sergeant; veteran volunteer.
Corporal Russell S. Owen, promoted Sergeant.
Corporal Joseph Zuber, veteran volunteer.

Corporal Daniel Sweetland, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps.
Corporal Henry C Love, died March 14, 1863.
Musician, Nathan Dancer, died July 13, 1863.
Musician, Dwight Lee.
Wagoner. Daniel D. Rogers, discharged July 13, 1863.

PRIVATES.

William H. Barber, veteran volunteer

Lucius Babcock, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps January 14, 1861.

Randolph M. Bard, wounded at Chancellorsviile, May 3, 1863, and at the
second battle of Bull Run, August 3, 1863.

Jacob F Beck, died July 3, 18G3, of wounds received at Gettysburg, Vir-
ginia.

Clark Berry.

Hiram D. Barber.

AloDzo D. Barber, veteran volunteer.

William F. Babcock.

Henry Brown, discharged March 5, 1863.

Coleman Brown, discharged January 9, 1864.

Alonzo B. Burlingham, wounded at Gettysburg July 2, 1863.

Joseph Coxley, discharged March 18, 1863.

Frederick A. Corney.

Charles Clark, veteran volunteer.

Harvey A. Cross, veteran volunteer.

Charles A. Carr, veteran volunteer.

Elisha Cole.

Sebastian Daha, discharged January 31, 1803.

Minor L. Day, veteran volunteer.

Isaac De' Puy, promoted Sergeant; wounded at Chancellorsviile. Vir-
ginia, May 2. 1863.

Joseph A. DePuy, veteran volunteer.

Edmund Franklin, veteran volunteer.

Warren V. Franklin, veteran volunteer.

Jerome Franklin, veteran volunteer.

Burdette Goodell. veteran volunteer

John Hoyles.

Frank M. Hunt.

Henry C Hanford, discharged, March 8, 1863

Zadock M. Hungerford, ilischarged. September 10, 1803.

Clin B. Johnson

William Jenkins.

Hiram Johnson.

Brundage Knapp, died, August 13, 1863.

Jairus Knapp, discharged, March 2, 1863.

Joel Knapp. discharged, November 1.5, 1862.

William -Allen Kirsey, discharged, December 3, 1862.

Gettysburg. Pennsylv

Luther J. Moore, discharged, December 11, ls63.

Joseph McConnell.

John T. McMorris.

James McConnell discharged, August 3.5, 1863.

George T. May, veteran volunteer.

Emerj- Owen, veteran volunteer

William W. Potter, discharged for wounds. December 33.

Charles F. Pruden wounded in action at Chancellorsviile

3 1863.
Samuel Post, discharged, March 26. 1S63.
Andrew Reed, discharged July 28, 1863.
Jerome Robinson, killed in action. May 3, 1863.
Oscar Rawson died September 4. 1862 of wounds leceiv
Edgar Richards.

Zetus Richards died, December 31. 1863.
Joseph S. Robinson, veteran volunteer.
Andrew F. Sweetland, wounded in ;

July 3. 1863.
Jonathan L. Shamp.
Johu Sutton, died, July IT 1863.
Reuben Sutton.

Jefferson Smith, discharged, July 38. 1863.
John Sha. veteran volunteer.
John W. Thorley.

Amos Turwillinger, discharged, April 16, 1863.
Loring Walsworth. died, July 2. 1863.
Peny Walker, wounded in action at Chancellorsviile, Virginia May 3

1863.
William L. Wilson discharged, January 1, 1863.
Jesse Woodruff, discharged, Decembers 1863.
John White, discharged, May 20 1862.

SIXTY-FIRST HEGIMEXT OHIO VOLUXTEEU INFANT KV,

COMPANY K.
Mustered into service. May 10, 1862. Mustered out of .service. February

Sergeant James H. Peabody, promoted to First Sergeant March 35, 1863.
Corporal Perry Flaherty, mustered out with company.

George H. Harris, captured at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863.
Samuel Pence, appointed Corporal May 19. 1862; wounded at Chancel-
lorsviile, Virginia.
Benjamin Robbins. mustered out with company.

SIXTY-FOFRTH REGIMENT OHIO VOUNTEKK IN-
FANTRY, COMPANY E.

Mustered into service. November 6, 1861. Re-enlisted, and finally mus-
tered out December 3, 1865.

Alonzo Akers. Jasper L. Ruggles.

Henry H. Clai k . William Rhinemiller .

Irving Hough . Charles M. Saunders.
Lloyd A. Manley

These names do not appear on final muster out roll. They were,
doubtless, discharged on expiration of original term of enlistment.
George Stebbins, mustered out with company

1-TH KKGIMI
FANTKY,

110 VOI.UNTEl

COMMISSIONED OEFICER

Second Lieutenant Frank B. Hunt, promoted to First Lie
8, 1862; resigned November 29. 1863.

First Sergeant Samuel H. Young Corporal William B Hunt

Alvin M. Parker.

James Houston .

Marshall W. Johnson

Hiram C. Parker

Madison Baker, dischiiged Janu

ary 37, 18U5.
Theodore Belden .

Alfred Luin.
Janus L. .McKihben.
Henry Moore.
Sherwood C. Nicholson.
James H. Packard
-Abijah Packard,
.losiah T. Parker.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

JolinF. Buck.
John W. Chorus.
Levi Curtiss.
Alfred C. Ellsworth.
EzekielGooddoll.
Schuyler C. Gates.
Elias Luiu.

DariasD. Rolf.

Adam Shanks.

MedadF. WoodruSE.

Andrew J. Young.

Julius C. Young, discharged June

15, 1883.
Deoius P. Brown

COM PA XV G.
Mustered into service with regiment. Mustered out of sei-vi(
regiment.

NON-COMMISSIOXED OFFICER.S

First Sergeant Dolsen Vankirk. Corporal Augustus Keimlin.

Sergeant John C. Zollinger
Cori'oral Brewer Smith .

Adam Apple

Jacob Binharamer, captured;

died in Andersonville prison .
Chris F. E. Blaich
William Clark.
Charles Carpenter.
Martin Casey.
John C. Earnst
Lewis Eckhart
Jacob Fike
Joseph Fellman .
John Geideman

Corporal H. C. Jennings.
Corporal John MoUaney.

Theodore Geisey.
William Kalhorst
Fred Koegele .
Henrv Leidkie
James Murtjv
Michael Nash
John T. Nicholai.
James Nolan.
George W. Philo.
John Sullivan.
J. C. Weidemieir.
William Walsh.

William Campbell
William Hensow.
James Hensow

No mi
at Columbus, Ohio

COMPAXY K.
Mustered with regiment.

PRIVATES

Randolph J, Loecher
Peter Wigle
Henry M. Sprague
rolls of this regiment (original enlistment. ) are <

SIXTY-.SEVEXTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLIKTEEK IXFAX-

TRY, COMPAXY C.

Organized December, 1S61. Mustered out December 31, 1861

NOX-COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Coiporal Christian Schwartz, promoted Sergeant; woimded July IS,
1803.

COMPAXY F.

) OFFICER.

Captain Joseph P. Owen, promoted from Corporal of Company K;
mustered out June 14, 1863.

COMPAXY K.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant James J. Banks.

Corporal Joseph P. Owen, enlisted November 2, 1861 ; wounded in left
hand at Fort Wagoner, July 18, 1863; promoted to Captain of Com-
pany F; mustered out June 14, 1865.

Corporal Henry Clatlin.

Musician, Roscoe Caselten .

Homer Akers.
Lafayette Baird.
Jonah C. Barton
Henry H. Gibbs
Alonzo H. Hopkin.s.
Jeremiah McFall
Comfort H. Ruggles, promoted
Sergeant.

l-ATES .

Edwin Russell.
Charles Sivers .
Frank M. Stewart .
Jolin Turner
Daniel B. Waggoner.
John W. Whiddon.
Eugene Whitney.

S KV i:\TY-.SECOND KEGIMEXT OHIO VOLUXTEER
INFANTRY, COMPAXY li.
Mustered into service February 18, 1863. Mustered out September
11. 186.5.

COMMISSIO.VED OFFICERS

Captain James Fernald, mustered out with reginienl.

First Lieutenant William C. Bidle, promoted to Captain and transferred

to Company E.
Second Lieutenant John H. Poyer, resigned, December 3, 1862.

NON-C05IMISSI0NED OFFICERS

First Sergeant Jacob M Beecher. promoted to First Lieutenant in Sev-
enty-First United States Colored Infantry April 17. 1864.

First Sergeant Jonas Stanberry, wounded at siege of Spanish fort, Ala-
bama; mustered out with company

Sergeant George Downing, veteran volunteer mustered out with com-

: with .

pany.

Sergeant William P. Sliilk, veteran volunteer:
pany

Sergeant George Taylor, veteran volunteer; mustered out with com-
pany

Corporal Robert Dalzell, veteran volunteer; mustered out with com-
pany.

Coiporal Eliliu Fernald, veteran volunteer, promoted to Sergeant and
transferred to Company E.

Musician, Christian Engle, veteran volunteer; discharged August 7, 1865-

PRIVATES.

Erasmus H. Andress, not on muster-out roll.

Sydney Adams, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.

John R. Akers, not on the muster-out roll.

Ebenezer G. Allen, mustered out with company.

Burel Butman. mastered out with company.

David Brownell, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.

Charles Barber, mustered out with company.

Peter Broms. mustered out with company.

Lewis C. Clark, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.

Wilson S. Ci-um, veteran volunteer: discharged August 7, 186,3.

John Coon.

John Call.

Samuel Dailey.

Eward Daniels, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.

Willard Dike, discharged December 14. 1864.

William Davie, discharged December 14, 1864.

Henry W. Daykin, discharged December 14, 1864.

Christopher Edwards.

Erastus Erskin, veteran volunteer; discharged May 13, 1865.

Henry L. Ewing, dischai-ged June 11, 1864.

Louis A. Ervin.

Thomas C. Fernold.

Hiram B. French.

Heniy French.

Eugene Frankenbury, died at Andersonville prison.

Norman Foster, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.

John Franigan.

Edward B. Fuller.

Edward Gibbs.

Nicholas L. Grow.

John Haughn, discharged December 14, 1864.

Alfred Haun.

Charles Haughn, discharged to accept pro:notiou July 10, 1864.

Francis Higgins.

James Hageny

Solomon Hower.

Charles Harley, veteran volunteei

J oseph Imhaf .

David H. James.

John H. Jefferson.

Frantz Kromer.

Charles Kramus.

Andrew Loughlin.

JolmV. Ladd. discharged Oetob(

Comfort M. Lewis.

Charles Lansen.

George W. Lewis.

Rufus W. Lawrence.

Dennis Lavler

William H. McEnaliy

Dennis Mack.

Philip Mons, died in rebel prison

Michael McCarty.

Augustus Mulchey, veteran vohmteer;

Robert Meek.

William Perry.

.lohn D. Plum.

Calvin R. Porter.

James L. Porter.

William Rood.

William L Roberlson.

Albert Rice, veteran volunteer; mustei

.Augustus Rice

George W Reed .

George H. Sutherland, discharged Dee

Erastus Squires.

Merritt Sestous.

discharged August 7, 1865.

volunteer; mustered <

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES. OHIO.

John C . Steward, discharged bj'

tember 27, 1864.
James M. Smith .
Frederick Schater.

William Seitt, discharged February 10, 1865
Henry Sprow.
Morris Sweet.
John Shadenck.
Joseph R. Turner.
Benjamin Thurlby.

John D. Turner, veteran volunteer; muster
Michael Parchner.
Jonathan Taylor

of tracture of right ankle, Sep-

mustered out with company.

De Witt C. Vance, died of wounds August 8. 1.864.

Isaac Vanderpool.

Henry Wile.

Thomas J. Wright.

Harrison Warren.

William H. Walker.

COMPANY H.
Mustered with regiment.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

First Sergeant Andrew Meckel, promoted Second Lieutenant in Com-
pany A, April 29, 1864.

PRIVATES.

Frank Mittler,
Frederick Mittler,
Lewis Raw,
John Raw.
William Roos,
Charles Smith,
Henry StuU,
Louis Schneider,
Andrew Schumaker,
Joseph F. Willi,

Rudolph Dilger,
Henry Dickman,
George Filmeier,
Fridolin Haid,
Charles Hubbard,
George Hubbard,
Martin Killian,
Frederick Loomis,
Jacob Lang,
Rochus Link,

Peter Zimmerman, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.

Xo muster-out rolls of original enlistments can be found.

The names are copied verbatim from the rolls, and the writer will not

be responsible for errors in spelling.

KIGHTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER
INFANTRY, COMPANY G.

Mustered into service June 10, 1862, for three months ; mustered out at
expiration of term of serrice.

William A . Barber
Arthur W. Fitch.
Samuel P Kenyon
Thomas Kanaly

George W. Rickard.
John C . Schneider
Kelsey Weeks.

COMPANY K.

Private Andrew C, Mavrill.

EIGHTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER
INFANTRY, COMPANY H.
;ered into service, July .31, 186J. Mustered out of service, July 3

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS .

First Sergeant Martin L. Coyer.

Sergeant Isaac P. Baldwin, discharged January 18,

Corporal Martin M . Ryerson .

Corporal Russell Prentiss

Corporal John M. Sloan.

Clark H. Ames.

Palmer Amsden.

Charles 1 Black.

James Bissell.

Sylvanus Burch

Homer Brundage, dischai-ged January 30, 1S64.

Benjamin Curtit, discharged July 12, 1.S04.

Wili-onL. Driver.

Asa Drake, discharged March 14, 186.1

George Daniels, discharged July 18, 1864

Hiram Fisher.

George Fisher.

Samuel C. Gregory.

William H. Green, discharged March 18, 186.5.

Charles Hooper, discharged October 25, 1863.

Scott Halloway.

WUliam Hubbell, discharged July 6, 1864.

GUes W. Jump

James Jackson .

John H. Kandall.

Dallis Lawton.

Leonard Lane.

Adam Lootman.

Elias Mason, discharged July 6, 1864.

Harrison Mohn .

Ferdinand Market.

John S. Pierce.

Torance D Parker.

Francis Rice, died January 17, 1864.

Taylor Sweet.

MunsonL. Squire.

EzraH. Smith.

Nelson Sutton.

Henry Tice, mustered out with company.

Samuel Weyenbacher.

Thomas H. Wood, discharged March 18, 1865.

ONE HlNDREl) AND FIRST REGIMENT OHIO VOLUN-
TEER INFANTRY.

ed out of service June

Surgeon, Thomas M. Cook, mustered into service at Moaroeville, Ohio,
August 12. 1862; mustered out with regiment.

Assistant Surgeon, Walter Caswell, resigned July 28, 1863.

Chaplain, Oliver Kennedy, resigned November 17, 1863.

Adjutant, Leonard D. Smith, promoted to Captain and assigned to Com-
pany C May 30, 1863.

Sergeant Major, Jay C. Smith. enroUed as private in Company B; pro-
moted Sergeant Major February 14, 1863, and to First Lieutenant,
Company I, May 9, 1864.

Hospital Steward, Levi B. Lathrop, discharged April 14 , 1863, at Louis-
ville, Kentucky, on Surgeon's certificate .

Hospital Steward, J. Edward Mathews, enroUed as private in Company
B; promoted to Hospital Steward April 15, 1863.

COMPANY A.

Clustered into s

e at MonroevUle, Ohio, August 30, 1862. Mustered
out of service at Camp Harker, Tennessee, June 12, 1865 .

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS .

Captain Charles Caligan, resignation accepted December 10, IS&i.
First Lieutenant Asa R. Hillyer. died January 4, 1863, of wounds received

at Stone River December 31, 1862.
Second Lieutenant Daniel H. Fox, promoted First Lieutenant February

1. 1863; mustered out July 29, 1864, to accept commission as JVIajor

of the regiment .

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Justus F. Brisack, discharged for disability December

31, 1.862.
Sergeant A. Ward Hillyer, discharged for disability Decembei- in, 1862.
Sergeant David W. Smith, discharged for disabilit3^ March 6, 1863 .
Sergeant Benjamin F. Brs'ant, promoted to First Lieutenant February

1, 1863.
Corporal Andrew A. Jackson, promoted to First Sergeant May 12, 1864.
Corporal WUlard E. Robbins, discharged for disability April 29, 1863.
Corporal Horace Hill, dis.'liarged for disability January 6, 1863.
Corporal James E. Ells mot on muster-out roll) .
Corporal Gideon D. Webb, discharged tor disability March 27, 1865.
Corporal Van R. M. Ryan, discharged for disability April 24, 1863.
Corporal Henry Kingsley, discharged for disability March 10, 1863.
Corporal Frederick J, JelTerson, promoted to First Sergeant November

1, 1863; killed at Rocky Face Ridge May 11, 1864.
Musician, Andrew Clock, transfei red to Veteran Reserve Corps March

15, 1864.

Musician, Mathew Park, discharged by order of Secretary of War May

16, 1865.

Wagoner, John Buck, discharged for disability March 7. 186:1.

PRIVATES.

Delmer Atkinson, discliarged for disability May 2, 1863.
James Allen, discharged for disability April 3. 186.")

Julius Austin, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps November 20, 1863.
Patrick Brady, promoted to Corporal May 1, 1865

John Base, promoted to Corporal August 1, 1863; prisoner of war since
September 20, 1863.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Traven Brady (not on muster-out roll).

Ransom Barnitt. discharged for disability December 4, 1862.

Newbury Barker, died at Xashville, Tennessee, December 1, 1862.

Miles E. Cartwright. died in service August 13, 1864.

William P. Cleveland, discharged for disability February 12, 1863.

Lucius A. Challer. died at Nashville. Tennessee. December 21. 1862.

George P. Colem.in. dieil in serviee April 26. 1864.

Leon.lrd Chan.e. di.-.l in service May 30. iSm.

1 C. Dis

,1864.

Thomas Earl, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps November 20, 1863.

Henry Emsberger. died in service November 4, 1862.

Andrew Evans, discharged for disability March 21, 1883.

Henry Fish, died in service April 2.5, 1863.

Charles R. Green, mustered out with company

Thomas Green, discharged for disability July 1, imi.

John R. GrifBn. promoted to Corporal February 1, 1863.

Norman Gregory, killed near Dallas, Georgia, May 30, 1864.

Cornelius F. Harder.

John Harriman, mustered out with company.

Philip F. Henley, discharged for disability March 3, 1863.

Sidney Hoft, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps November :

Frederick J. Haller. mustered out with company.

Albert R. Hill, promoted Corporal September 14, 1862; discharged for
disability January 31, 1863.

John W. Hasbrook, discharged for disability in the spring of 1863.

Abram Inman, died October 5, 1863. of wounds received at Chickamauga
September 20, 1863.

Wilbur Kingsley, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps August 1, 1863.

Abel Kiiapp. promoted Sergeant November 1, 1863: mu.stered out with
company .

Enoch H. Kilburn. transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps March ", 1864.

John King, promoted Sergeant May 1.1S6.5; mustered out with company.

George Lameron. killed at Chickamauga September IS. 1863.

Alpho Lowe, Jr., died at Louisville. Kentucky. June 14. 1S64.

William M. Jliner. transferred to Engineer Corps August r, 1864.

John McGraw, discharged July 14, 1864.

James S. Moody, not on muster out roll

Harman H. Martin, prisoner of war since September 20. 1863.

James Marks, not on muster out roll.

William L. McPherson, died of wounds received at Chickamauga, Octo-
ber 13. 1863.

Amos W Polly, discharged for disabiUty May 17, 1S63.

Samuel A, Pike, died in serviee September, 1802.

Cyrus B. Prosser. died of wounds received at Stone River, January 12,
1863.

Edwin Bunyan, killed at Stone River, December 31, 1862

John L. Riggs, died in service, January, 1?63

George P. Raidart, not on muster out roll.

William H. Russell, transferred to navy, April 15, 1864.

Oliver HP Springer, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, March 1.

1864.

;roll

Lovell R. Simmons, not on n:

Gersham R. Staunton, not on muster out roll.

Benjamin F. Strong, discharged for disability May 5, 1864.

Joseph Scott.

Joel Sear!, died in service April 3, 1863

John Stimson, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps January 14, 1864

John Smith, discharged for disability January 4, 1S64.

William W, Shanger. transferred to Engineer Corps August 7, 1864.

Marquis D. Stephens, transferred per General Order, No. ll.

Chailes A Turner, transferred to Mississippi Marine Brigade January

186:).
Isaac Vasburg. discharged for disability. January 1, 1863.
Vanscoy Vanrenssalaer. discharged for disabilit.v, winter of 1863.
Albert Whitney, promoted to Corporal May 1, 1865.
John Williams, discharged tor disability June, 1863.
Harmon G. Webster. Iransfen-ed to Veteran Reserve Corps, November

28. 1863.
Daniel Webster, died in service February 3, 1863
Alpheus Welch, discharged for disability November, 1862.
Samuel J. Wilson, missing in action at Chickamauga. September 19,

1S63.
Marvin Wooden, died in service, January 12, 1865.
George Young, discharged by order of Secretary of War, March 11

18)3, to enlist in 9Ii$sis<ippi Marine Brigade.

COMPANY B.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

Captain Thomas C. Fernald, resigned on account of disability January

25. 1863.
First Lieutenant Stephen P. Beckwith. promoted to Captain Februarj-

1, 1863; resigned November .30, 1864, by reason of disability
Second Lieutenant Otis L Peck, dishonorably discharged January 2.5.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

First Sergeant John M l:ull-r. |.i-'!noted First Lieutenant January 25,

1863; resigned 1'. . ■ mi. r .:. i- ;
Sergeant Charles E Sfich ,!K.I,.n-ed for disability Februarj- 14. 186:i.
Sergeant Jay C. Butler, j r .lii .r.-l Secnd Lieutenant Januaiy 25. 1863,

to First Lieutenant Mai-ch en lsi;4, and to Captain March 16. 1865.
Sergeant James Gordon, discharged for disability March 8. 186^3.
Sergeant Simeon Huntington, wounded at Stone River; died by reason

of the same January I'J, 1863.
Corporal Alonzo R, Sharp, discharged for disability June 1. 1863.
Corporal Henry J. BIy. discharged for wounds received at Stone River,

February 17, 1863.
Corporal Joshua B Davis, transferred to First U. S. Engineers July 29,

1864.
Corporal William D. Taylor, promoted Sergeant January 25, 18*>4 ; mus-
tered out with company.
Corporal Francis L. Pease, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps April

6. 1864.
Corporal William B. Bice, promoted to Sergeant January 25. IS(i3
Corporal Jacob Merkley. mustered out with company.
Corporal John W. Ward, discharged for disability March 8, 1863
Musician. George W Hill, died at Perry ville. Kentucky. November 12.

1862,
Wagoner, William P. Barton, mustered out with company.

1865.

Harper Austin, mustered out with company.

Seth A, Barton, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps January 4, 1864.

William Burrell, died in serviee January 28.

Allen ?I. Curran. promoted Sergeant January 25. 1863.

William H. Carpenter, discharged lor disability January 15, 1S63.

Edwin Clatlin, dischartted Aijril 3. lSfi.5. by reason of accidental wound.

Robert CuUen, mustered out with ecimpany.

Wilbur F. Cowles, promoted In Fiist Sergeant January 25.1863; cap-
tured at battle of Chickamauga.

William H. Colvell, transferred to Marine Corps, May 3, 1863.

John W. Dodge, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps February 4,
1864.

Milton C. Dodge, missing in battle of Chickamauga, September SO, 1863.

Simeon A. Davis, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps May 3, 1861

Charles B. Dennis, mustered out with company .

Henrj- M. Elwood. discharged for disability, December 20, 1862.

Sidney W. Faxon, discharged for disability, January 28, 1863.

James C. Fitch, discharged for disabiUty, 3Iay 29, 1865.

Amos W. Fox. transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, July 1, 1863.

Alfred Foreman, discharged for disability, January 14, 1863

Theodore Ford, wounded at the battle of Chickamauga, Tennessee,
September 19, 1863.

Alfred Grant, discharged for disability, February 24, 186;).

Leonard Ciay. discharged for disability, January 10, 1863.

James Glin, died in service. November 5, 1862.

Charles Gross, transferred to Veteran Resene Corps, (date unknown;

Alexander C. Hosmer. transferred to Company A to receive promotion
as Second Lieutenant.

William L. Hutton. discharged for disability. October 7, 1863 .

Jerome Holly, died May 8. 1803.

Harrison J. Hammond, died in service February 14, 186:3

Francis Houseman, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, March 18,
1864,

Orlando Holly, died in serviee, November 8, 1862.

Albert Hinman, discharged by reason of wounds received at Stone
River, (no date 1.

Smith Harrington, discharged for disability, February 24, 1863

David Hinds, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, (no date given). *

Oliver Holbrook. discharged for disability. March 10. 1863

.Martin Ingles, died in service, December 9. 1863,

Philip Hunz. mot on muster out roll).

Emmett Lincoln, transferred to marine service, (date not given).

CJeorge W. Littleton, mustered out with company.

James H. Laden, discharged for disability. April 7, 1863.

George W. Ladd. promoted Sergeant January 25, 1863.

.lustus Lulirs. promoted to Corporal June 1, 1864.

( liai I - Mri.i tti,-an, transferred to Veteran Rererve Corps, May 3, 1864

I I ; ' 1 1 istered out with company.

I li I I li.ill. discharged February 28, 1863, by reason of wounds
I— n.-! a: Sii.ne River.

William 31eachani, mustered out with company

.John F. Miller, died May 26, 1884, from wounds

J Edward Matthews, promoted to Hospital Steward. April 14. 1863.

Charles D Pierce, discharged for disability, .lune 11, 186:3.

Edwin C Pomeroy. diedjune:30. 1864, from wounds received at Chatta-
nooga. Tennessee .

Oscar Pertschman. promoted to Corporal March 1, 1865.

Henry B. Penfield, discharged for disability, December :30, 1863

William R Pope, discharged March 12, 18frl, by reason of wounds re-
ceived at Chickamauga.

Theodore Rebadiie. prisoner of war.

History of huron and erie counties, ohio.

Aden Rice, Clerk ai Headquarters Fourth Army Corps, mustered out

with cotupany.
Jay C. Smith, promoted Sergeant Major, January 4, 181)3.
Robert St-hetb, mustered out with company ,
Charles Shupe, prisoner of war, no record of discharge.
Orange Seamans. discharged for disability, January 9, 1863.
Bradford J. Seavery, mustered out with company.
Ralph E. Taylor, discharged for disability, October9, 1863.
David W. Thompson, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps September

20, 1863.
Royal H. Tucker, discharged for disability May 29, 1865.
Joseph Terril, captured Septemper20, 1863, and died from starvation in

rebel prison April 1, 180.5.
Joel S. Wolvcrton, discharged for disability December 30, 1802.
Daniel Wood, discharged for disability January r, 1804.
Michael Wood, discharged for disability December 30, 1803.
Anton Wauck, discharged for disability December 30, 1863.
Henry O. Wright, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. (No date

given).
Samuel G. Wright, discharged for disability December 30, 1863.
Dustin Washburn, transferred to U. S. Engineers August 29, 1864.
Jacob Young, promoted Corporal March 1, 1865; mustered out with

company.
Jacob M Zimmerman, died in rebel prison January 9, 1864.
Robert Sankey, died at Nashville, Tennessee. (No dale given)

COMPANY D.

Mustered into service August 30, 1861, at Monroeville, Ohio. Mustered
out of service J une 12, 1865, in Tennessee .

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

Captain H. G. Sheldon, resigned by reason of disability January 28, 1803.
First Lieutenant J. B. Curtis, resigned by reason of disability January

2, 1863.
Second Lieutenant J. M. Lattimer. Jr., promoted First Lieutenant March

5, 1863, and to Captain March 21, 1863: mustered out with company.

N0N-CO5IMISS1OXE D

First Sergeant Manferd D. Sloeum, transferred to Veteran Reserve
Corps August 1, 1863.

Sergeant G. W. Payne, discharged March 28, 1863.

Sergeant Ira Beman Reed, promoted to First Lieutenant Maich 21, 1863,
and to Captain March 29, 1864; assigned to Company E.

Sergeant John D. Blair, killed at Chickamauga, September 19, 1863.

Sergeant Dutton Jones, discharged September 9, 1863.

Corporal Elbert J. Squire, promoted to First Lieutenant March 29, 1864;
captured near Huntsville, Alabama, January IT, 1865.

Corporal Charles E. Marsh, discharged December 28, 186J.

Corporal Enos L. Marsh, discharged by reason of wounds May 9, 1863.

Corporal Jerome G. Gibson, discharged January 7, 1863.

Corporal Justus N. Brown, mustered out with company.

Corporal George N. Mead, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps Feb-
ruary 15, 1864.

Corporal Minor Lawrence, discharged March 28, 1863

Luzerne Amsden, discharged March 23, 1864.

Duane Austin, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps August 10, 1804

Jacob M. Abbott, died at Nashville, Tennessee, January 25, 1863

Clark Barber, died at Louisville, Kentucky, July 7, 1863.

Charles F. Brewster, discharged April 2\ 1803.

William R. Bell, discharged March 13, 1863.

Egbeit 31. Burgess, died at Louisvdle, Kentucky, December 3, 1863.

Charles C. Bacon, died at Nashville, Tennessee, January 1, 1863.

Frederick G. Brown, discharged February 3, 1864.

Delas Bishop, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps August 1, 1863.

Joseph L. Bishop, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, Nc

Alonzo F. Bishop, discharged April 27, 1865.

William \V. Conover, discharged February 3, 1863.

Chester H. Carpenter, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps January

15, 1864.
Enoch Cole, mustered out May 16, 1865.
George W, Curtiss, discharged January 13, 1803
Jotham A. Curtiss, died August 15, 1804, of wounds received in action

near Kenesaw Knob, Georgia .
John H. Crawford, captured at Chickamauga September 20, 1803
E. W. Cunningham, discharged June 22, 186;!.
George F. Drake, discharged July 15, 1863.

William L. Dickinson, died at Louisville, Kentucky, December 12, 1802.
William S. Denton, died at Chattanooga, Tennessee, June 26, 18&4.
Henry G. Dills, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps September 30 1863
Constantine Frank, died at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, May 31, 1863*
George W. Fish, died at Gashville. Tennessee, January 5, 1863.
12 A

Edward P. Fowler, mustered out with company.

Myron H. Furlong, discharged February 10. 1803 .

Leroy L. Guthrie, mustered out May 15, 1865.

Charles A. Gowdy, died at Bardstown, Kentucky. December 8, 1862.

G. W. Goodman, discharged February 6, 1863. ~

Hamilton Wilson, promoted to Corporal May 1. 1803; discharged August

24, 1804.
James HoUoway. mustered out with company.
George Hunt, discharged February 9, 1863.

George N. Hubbell, promoted to First Sergeant September 20, 1803.
Thaddeus Hackett, discharged March 2.5. 1804.
W. W. Hopkins, mustered out with company.

Janus H. Hopkins, died at Bowling Green, Kentucky. December 4, 1S02.
John N. Hopkins, died at .Murfreesboro, Tennessee. June 15, 1803.
E. M. Hume, discharged February 9, 1803.

Eugene Hawkes, captured at Chickamauga, September 20, 1863.
John W. Johnson, mustered out May 17. 1805.
Flavel B. Jones, killed in action at Chickamauga, Georgia, September

19, 1863.
George N. Keeler, mustered out with company.
Corydon Kingsbury, promoted to Sergeant March 1, 1804
Simeon W. Kinsey, mustered out with company.
William Leak, mustered out with company
Ge rge Lawrence, transferred to Veteran Corps, April 29. 1864
George A. Lawrence, mustered out with company.
E. E. Lyons, discharged December 13, 1863.
George E. Mattoon, mustered out with company.
William F. Merit, died at Danville, Kentuckj', November 12, 1862.
Charles H. Mead, promoted to Sergeant May 1, 1864.
Henry M. Newton, promoted to Sergeant May 1, 1803.
Charles Pickens, died of wounds received at Stone River, January 1 , 1803
Charles Penfield, discharged on account of wounds. May 4, 1863.
-\lbert Palmer, mustered out with company.
D. G. Palmer, mustered out May 22, 1865.
Job Peterson, mustered out with company.
Charles B. Rose, mustered out with compay
Erastus S. Russell discharged February 14, 1803.
John H Rickey, died of wounds June 23, 1864.

Watson W. Rowland, died .January 31, 1863, at Nashville, Tennessee.
Levi O.Rowland, discharged February 15, 1864.
Samuel L. Smith, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, January 10,

1865.
George H. Sowers, promoted Sergeant May 1. 1804.
William H. Snyder, discharged December 28, 1802.
Charles Scott, killed in action at Kingston, Georgia, May 19. 1864.
John C. Sprague, discharged i ebruary 14. 180:^
Orrin S. Sutton, mustered out with company .

Luther L. Terry, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. February 5. 1864.
James E. Terry, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, February 15.

1864.
Hiram N. Townsend, discharged March 7, 1863.
William H. Trnmbley, discharged March 8, 1863.
Jacob Trusell, Jr., discharged December 12, 1863.
Homer Truxell, discharged February 14, 1863
Merit WycofE, disharged January 10, 1863.
William C. Wyekes, promoted to Corporal May 1, 1864; mustered out

with company
Samuel C. White, died of wounds received at Chickamauga, Georgia,

September 20 1863
W. J. Washbnrne, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, September 30,

1863.
Lemuel Wood, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. January 15, 1864.
Jesse W. Bell, discharged February 7, 1863.

COMPANY G.

i Lieutenant Colonel, to date January

Captain John Messei', prt

3. 1863; resigned January T, 1864.
First Lieutenant John P. Fleming, promoted Captain May 23, 1863; mus

tered out with company.
Second Lieutenant Horace D. Olds, promoted to Firet Lieutenant May

27, 188;3; discharged December 25, 1804, to accept promotion in First

United States Volunteer Veteran Engineer Corps

NON-COMMISSIOXED OFFICERS.

First Sei-geant William H. Van Ness, discharged October 26, ISSJ.

Sergeant .\mbrose B. C. Dunman. captured September 19. 1863.

Sergeant Jonathan Cooke, transferred to First United States Volunteer
Veteran Engineer Coips August 7, 1864 .

Sergeant George W. Flemmg, discharged March 4, 1803.

Corporal Squire A. Butler, promoted to First Sergeant May 3, 1804; mus-
tered out with company

niSTOKY OF lirnOK and EHIE counties, OHIO.

Corporal George Jloi-doff, promoteil to Sergeant July 'J. 1NI14; mustered

out with company .
Corporal Isaac C. Capen, promoted to Sergeant March 4. 18t53; killed in

battle September 19, 1863.
Corjjoral Francis M. Miller, discharged October 17, 1862.
Corporal George L. Smith, died December 4. 1802.
Corporal Jasper F. Webster, promoted to Second Lieutenant May 3,

1864, and to First Lieutenant February I, 1S65; mustered out with

company .
Corporal John White, promoted to Sergeant October 15, 1863; mustered

out with company .
Musician, Rhoderick Russell, discharged March 26, 1863

Franklin Andrews, promoted to Corporal March 1,
Emerson Andrews, mustered out with company.
Squire Abbott, mustered out with company.
He = ry E. Burahauk, not on muster out roll .
Isaac Baldwin, died June 12. 1803.
David S. Barber, discharged February 21, 1863.
Oliver W. Beuschootei-. died December 28, 1,862.
Albert A. Blair, mustered out with company.
James C. Burkholder, transferred to Veteran Re;

Corps, May 27.

1864.

Walter C. Beardsley. captured September 19, 1863.

Oliver JI. Butler, mustered out with company

Marcus Ci-annell, wounded December 1.5, 1804: mustered out with com-
pany.

John Daniels, died February 19, 1803

Hezekiah S. Drake, promoted Corporal March 1, 1805

John J. Dunning, discharged July 10, 1863.

William Dunham, killed at Kenesaw Mountain, June 2.5, 1804

Floron Dalzell, died January 28, 1803.

Henry E. Dwight, mustered out with company

Henry D. Fisher, mustered out with company

Alpha B. Falley, discliarged June 23, 1803

George L. Fowler, promoted Sergeant July 1, 1804: mustered out with
company .

Ralph G. Fuller, mustered out with company,

James Ford, transferred to .Mississippi Marine Brigade March 11, 1803.

Alfred Ford, discharged for wounds May 13, 1805.

Peter Greiner, transferred to Signal Corps October 22, 1803.

Oliver Gardner, mustered out with company.

Daniel W Harris, mustered out with company.

George Hewett, killed at the battle of Stone River January 5, 1.863

Oeorge Hoover, mustered out with company.

Jacob Hay, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps May 3, 1804 .

William Hutchinson, killed in battle of Nashville, Tennessee, December
.5, 1804.

Malacbi Humphrey, discharged for wounds May 85, 1865

Daniel B. Higgius, mustered outwith company.

Miles E Hale, discharged January 31. 1803.

Edgar F. Horn, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. (No date) .

.Alha H..>VHy. mustered out with company.

I' lii' H 'V ^ t. a nsferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. (Nodate).

-1 ' t, :: t I littered out with company.

i- 1 .-,1, 1 1. i. 111. ml,, mustered out with company.

Ben,)amm ,lones, mustered outwith company

Peter Landin, discharged February 7, 1863

Laban D. Lowry, discharged December 1), 1803.

Charles Long, mustered outwith company,

Alexander Lewis, died December 2, 1862.

Charles D. Morehouse, discharged February 28, 1804

Curtis B. Mullenox, killed in battle of Stone River January 2, 1803.

Andrew Meikle killed in battle of Stone River January 2, 1803.

Francis Magill, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps.

Lafayette Miller, transferred to Engineer Corps August 7, 1864.

Daniel Myers, mustered out with company

Andrew J. Miller, promoted Corporal March 1, 1805,

William Munson, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps April 10, 1864.

George B. Morse, promoted Corporal January 1, 1805.

Leroy Mullenox. died fi-om wounds July 25, 1864.

Lewis Osborn, died in Libby Prison December 14, 1803

Stephen Paxton, promoted Corporal May 10, 1803; mustered out with
company .

James J. Pike, discharged Januaiy 6, 1864.

David Plue, promoted Corporal July 1, 1864; mustered out with com-
pany.

John Russet, nuistered out with company.

Charles Russet, mustered out with company.

Giles W Ray, promoted Corporal July 1. 1864.

Horace V. Ramsdell, discharged of wounds March 11. 1863.

L.vraan B. Russell, mustered out with company.

Almon W. Sherman, mustered out with company.
Elisha D Smith, discharged June 4. 1864.

Russell Sanders discharged August 1.5, 1863.

Oeorge W Shaffer, died June 19, 18IM.

Alfred Sutton, mustered out with eomiiany.

DeWitt Thompson, nmstered out with company.

Martin V. Wilbur, discharged for wounds March 27, 1805.

John D Wheat, mustered out with company.

Madison E. Wells, promoted Sergeant .Fuly 1, 1804: mustered out with

company.
George W. Wheat, discharged February 4, 1863
Andrews Bradley, starved to death in Andei'sonville prison, September

24, 1864: captured September 23, 1863,

ONE HrNDHED AXD SEVENTH HElilMENT OHIO VOL-
rXTEER rXFAXTRY, COMPAXY F.

Mustered in o service September 9 1862. at Cleveland, Ohio. Mustered
out of service July 10, 1865, at Charleston, South Carolina.

First Sergeant Henry Bernhard. discharged March 2, 1863.
Sergeant George Beck, missing in action at Gettysburg July 1, 1863.
Sergeant Justus Thornberg promoted First Lieutenant: woundt d May

2, 1863.
Sergeant Carl Groesli, discharged December 22, 1862.
Sergeant Leopold Weinman, mustered out with company.
Corporal John Becker, mustered out with company.
Corporal Frederick Frey, promoted Sergeant March 5, 1803: mustere

out with compaii,v.
Corporal Charles Wahlei-. wounded in action July 1. 1863.
Corporal Henry RodiT. imistcrt-d ,,iit with company.
Corporal Henry Frt-.v. .Ii.d N-i emi.fi- 1, 1802.
Corporal Joseph Fels. i.li^cliaiv^t.-d U>i wounds May 27, 1864.
Musician, Stephen Scliuun-. mustered out with company.
Wagoner. ,Josei)h Bleier, mustered out with compan.v.

Herman Breunniy, discliarged April, 1863.

Jacob Bretz. died October 8, 1863.

T. Xavier Buerge. mustered outwith company.

Augustin Berzikafer. mustered out with company.

Jacol- Beecher. mustered out with company.

John Bueher, mustered outwith company.

Frederick Biehl, captured at Gettysburg: eight months a prisoner.

Adam Bergheeler. promoted Corporal: mustered out with company

John Becker, wounded at Gettysburg; promoted Corporal.

John Breil. died May 14, 1865.

Frederick Busch, mustered out with company.

Joseph Bishop, died December 31, 1802,

Andrew Bengel, killed in action March 2, 1803.

John Ernst, transferred to Veteran Reserve CoriJS September 26, 18ii3.

John Ensdorff, promoted to Sergeant October 1, 1864; mustered out

with company
Charles Frauck, mustered out with company.
John G. Fott, mustered out with company.
Charles Gerdes, mustered out with company.
Edward Gessler, mustered out with company.
Edward Giteman, mu.stered out with company.
Joseph Hormes, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, by reason of

wounds,
George Helmech, killed in action July 2, 186:3 .
Henrj' Hossle, mustered out with compan.y.
William Heinzman, not on muster out roll
William Hacker, missing at Gettysburg, July 1. 1":03.
Martin Indlekofer, died June 19, 1865.
John Kastor, mustered out with company
Charles Krumbholz, not on muster out roll .
Henry Klappel, promoted Corporal March 1, 1804.
Anton Lung, mustered out with company.
Ferdinand Loeblein. killed in action May 2, 1803.
Alphonse J. Leffler, not on muster out roll .
Frank Mangin. mustered out with company.
John Moos, mustered out with company .

Jacob G. Miller, absent, sick, when company was mustered out.
Conrad 5IK-I- ]••:•■ I'l i^ Corporal March 1, 1864; wounded May 2,

1 Reserve Corps May 20, 1863

August 51 ■ - ■ 'I 1

Joseph 51nrll. I iiiii~ir i.l .nit with company.

Frank Newber^er, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps May 20, 1863.

Gustav Phillips, promoted to Corporal November 24, 1862: wounded in

action May 2, 1863; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps August

22, 1804 .
Peter Reader, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. JIarch 5. 1864, by

reason of wounds.
Peter Reis, died from wounds July 10. 1863.
August Raber, died of wounds August 2, 18t>3.
Nicholas Rimel. died in Libby Prison.
Henry Ross, mustered out with company .
John Surreu. transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps February 1, 1804.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

William Siieider, promoted to Principal Musician.

Adam Schaub, wounded in action IMareh 1, ISiJi; mustered out with
compan}-.

Valentin Sheidler, not on muster out roll.

John Schomer, mustered out with company.

John Smith, not on muster out roll.

Christian Thomas, mustered out with company

Wendel Viethauer, not on muster out roll.

Jacob Walter, wounded in action May a, 1863;. mustered out with com-
pany.

Garret Walter, missing in action July 1, 1863.

Anthony Wintersteller, not on muster out roll .

Jacob Zuber, not on muster out roll.

rOMP.VNY H.

Mustered into ser\-ice September !i, 1862, Cleveland, Ohio. Mustered
out of service July 10. 186.5, at Charleston, South Carolina.

Sergeant Edward Reitz, mustered out with company.

Sergeant William Bowers, promoted to First Lieutenant, Company B,

April 23, 1865.
Otto Shick, mustered out with company.
Corporal Andrew Myers, captured at Gettysburg, Jul.y 1, 1863; mustered

out with company.
Corporal George A. Wise, mustered out with company.
Corporal Romig, wounded at Gettysburg; discharged May 21, 1861.
Corporal Henry Setzler, wounded at Chancellorsville: transferred to

Veteran Reserve Corps .
Wagoner, Joseph Myers, mustered out with company

PRIVATES .

Amos Arbogast, mustered out with company.

Philip Buliong, mustered out with company .

Jacob Bauman, died February 4, 1863.

WiUiam H. Bauman, died December 2, 1863.

Harry Baursax, promoted Corporal September .«, 1862: mustered out
with company .

Samuel Cane, mustei ed out with company .

George Denhart, captured at ChancellorsviUe.

Jacob Egli, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps November 28, 1863.

Martin Gross, wounded at Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863; transferred to
Veteran Reserve Corps September 1, 1863.

Joseph Gruner, mustered out with company.

Nicholas Huther, mustered out with compiny.

Christopher Heer, mustered out in hospital (no date).

Christiau F. HiUhvein, promoted Sergeant July 1, 1863; mustered out
with company.

Melchoir Kechely, mustered out with company.

James W. Myers, mustered out with company.

George Metz, died of wounds June 2. 1863.

Conrad Metz, promoted Corporal March 5, 1863 ; mustered out with com-
pany.

Frederick Metz, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps January 16, 1864.

Phihp Oakleaf, promoted to Corporal December 4, 1862; died January
2, 1863.

Philip Ohlemacher, mus:ered out with company.

Franklin B. Price, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps March 2, 1864.

John Parker, mustered out with company.

Alphonse Reamer, captured at Gettysburg; mustered out with company.

PhiUp Raw, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps January 16, 1S64.

George Roedersdorf . mustered out with company .

Philip Seel, promo:ed Corporal January 1, 1864; mustered out with com-
pany.

Michael Seitz, wounded at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863; transferred to Vete-
ran Reserve Corjis March 2, 1864 .

John Soulter, died June 3, 1863.

Joseph Sneider, died April 10, 1863.

Peter Frautmau, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corp.s January 16, 1864.

Joseph Weis, wounded at Gettysburg; transferred to Veteran Reserve
Corps

Peter Weilnan, died June 7, 1863.

John W. Weisenheimer. transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps.

Simon Yeager. captured February .5, 1863; paroled, and at Annapolis,
Maryland, when company was mustered out.

ONK HlSDRF.l) AND ELEVENTH RECUMENT OHIO
VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, COMPANY A.
Mustered into service September 3, 1862, at Camp Toledo, Ohio. Mus-
tered out of service June 27, 1863, at Salisbury, North Carolina.

XO.NCOMUISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant Charles Baker, promoted to Second Lieutenant, Company K,

May 1, 1864.
Corporal Gemira G. Burton, luustered out in hospital (no date).
Corporal Henry Vanbuskirk, mustered out with company.
Corporal John R. Ramsej', discharged (no date) .
Musician, Janus Current, died June 29, 1864

William H. Arling, discharged at Louisville, Kentucky (no date).

Robert Long, mustered out with company .

Jacob Parker, not on muster out roll.

Joseph A. Porter, mustered out with company .

Edward Sibrell, mustered out with company.

John Soanlen, discharged January 10, 1865.

John StoU, mustered out with company.

COMPANY G.

Mustered into service September 5, 1,862, Mustered out of service with
regiment.

NON-COMMISSIOXED OFFICERS.

Sergeant Patrick F. Dalton, promoted to Second Lieutenant in Company

H, Aprils, 1865.
Corporal Philip Mathia, wounded at Franklin, Tennessee, November 30,

1864; discharged from hospital at Columbus, Ohio (no date).

George W. Crowell, promoted to Second Lieutenant, Forty-Eighth

U. S. C. I., January 2, 1865.
Richard K. Dalton, died at Bowling Green. Kentucky, November 23, 1862.
Silas Dymond, mustered out with company.

Frederick S. Story, died at Bowling Green, Kentucky, November 21, 1862.
Orrison Smith, discharged from hospital (no date).
John Tuekerman, severely injured by railroad disaster near Gallatin,

Tennessee, March, 1863, while in line of his duty as train guard.

ONE HTNDRED AND TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT
OHIO VOLINTEEK INFANTRY, COMPANY B.

Mustered into service September 24, 1862, at Monroeville, Ohio. Mus-
tered out of service June 12. 1865. at Camp Chase, Ohio.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Horace Kellogg, promoted to Major April 6, 1863, aud to Lieu-
tenant Colonel December 14, 1864; mustered out with regiment.

First Lieutenant John Fitz Randolph, promoted !to Captain March 6,
1863; mustered out with regiment.

Second Lieutenant Caleb Dayton Williams promoted to First Lieuten
ant March 6, 1863; killed in action July 18, 1864.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant George Joseph Frith, wounded in action at Winchester,
Virginia, June 13, 1863; died June 20, 1863.

Sergeant Eugene Smith, promoted to First Sergeant; prisoner at Rich-
mond, Virginia, from June 15 to July 15, 1863; mustered out in hos-
pital.

Sergeant Benjamin F. Blair, promoted to Captain, and transferred to
Compan.v K May 27, 1865.

Sergeant Harris E. Smith, promoted to First Lieutenant in Thirteenth
U. S C. A. January 9, 186:3.

Sergeant George A. Drake, prisoner of war at Richmond, Virginia, from
June 13 to July 13. 1863. No date of discharge.

Corporal Ira D. Wells, wounded in action at Hatcher's Run, Virginia,
March 31. 1865.

Corporal George Buskirk, wounded at Winchester, Virginia, June 13,
1863. Discharged November 19. 1863.

Corporal William H. Thomas, promoted to Second Lieutenant in the
One Hundred and Twenty-Seventh United States Colored Troops,
March 13. 1863.

Corporal Samuel B. Caldwell, prisoner of war from June 13, to July 15,
1863.

Corporal Edward L. Husted. prisoner from June 15 to July 15, 1863.

Corporal Ezra A. Wait, discharged Decembers, 1863.

Cori^oral William G. Ailing, discharged in hospital.

Corporal Josiali R. Fisher, wounded at Winchester, Virginia, June 13,
1862; discharged July 14, 1S64

IMusiciau, Joseph Sallalanil, mustered out with company.

Musician George Williams, mustered out with company

Nelson Armstrong, promoted to Corporal ; no date given ; mustered out

with company .
Malvern H. Barnhart, died at Winchester, Virginia, May 12, 1863.
Albert Blish, captured June 15, 1863; dischai-ged in hospital.
Enoch L. Birdseye. promoted to Corporal; uo date; mustered out with

company.
Albert Burch, mustered out with company.
John Y'. Benfer, captured June 15, 1863; discharged in hospital.
Anson T. Bowen; discharged June 21, I8tM.

Edwin J Beverstock, promoted to Hospital Steward September 1, 1861.
William Barliite. promoted Corporal September 26, 1862; captured June

15, 1863.

HISTOEY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

OiTin G. Bond, mustered out with eompany .

Stanley F. Bond, starved to death at Andersonville prison, August 16,

1864. by order of Jeff. Davis.
Jehlle Castle, discharged in hospital.

Elijah S Conger, killed in battle at Winchester, Virginia, June 13, 186-3.
Henry S. Clapp, promoted to Second Lieutenant in Nineteenth United

States Colored Troops. August 11. 1864.
IriwngCole, wounded in actional Winchester, Virginia, June 1.3, 1863:

right arm amputated: discharged October 3. 18B4.
Judson Castle, discharged in hospital.

William C. Cummings, captured June 15, 1863: discharged in hospital.
Richard Evans, died of woun ds July 10, 1863.
Michael Freund, discharged in hospital.
Reuben Fox, captured June 15, 1863 ; discharged in hospital.
Amos Fo.x, captured June 15, 1863; discharged in hospital.
Jordon Fox, discharged in hospital. •
John L. Greggs, died April 39, 1863.

Emanuel F. Goodell, captured June 15, 1S63; discharged in hospital.
Serah Godfrey, discharged in hospital.

Andros J. Gilbert, captured June 15, 1863: mustered out with company.
Elmer E. Husted, mustered out with regiment as First Lieutenant and

Adjutant.
Rufus T. Holcomb, died .August, 1863.
Palmer D. Hatch, discharged in hospital .
Benjamin Holcomb. died of wounds July 3, 1863,
Philip A. Hoffman, captured June 15, 1863; discharged in hospital.
Ezra A. Hoffman, captured June 15, 1863; discharged from hospital.
William W. Hill, captured June 15, 1863: discharged in hospital,
Ebenezer B. Harrison, discharged in hospital.
Henry C. Hicks, discharged in hospital.

Louis Kutcher, captured June 15, 1863; discharged in hospital.
George Kutcher, captured June 15, 1863.
Leonard Keller, killed in action June 13, 1863.
Francis Little, discharged (records lost).
Solon Lane, discharged in hospital.

Noyes S. Lee, captured June 15, 1863: discharged in hospital.
William Lett.s, discharged in hospital .
Alfred W. Miller, discharged in hospital
Uriah Mogg, captured June IS, 1863; discharged in hospital.
William Mann, captured June 15, 1863; discharged in hospital.
Sylvanus A. Messeldine, discharged in hospital .
Albert T. Nye, discharged in hospital .
William B. Prouty, discharged (records lost). •

Emery Prouty, discharged in hospital.
Clinton Prouty, discharged December 31, 1864.
Charles H. Reynolds, discharged (records lost).
Henry C. Rushton, promoted Corporal (no dates).
Charles Roe. mustered out with company .

Louis Rutherford, wounded July 18, 1864. at Snicker's Ferry, Virginia
Bowen W. Schnebley, killed in action June 13, 1863.
Riley Sparks, discharged (records lostl.
Henry C. Stultz, killed in action July 18, 1864.
John L. Smith promoted Corporal January 1. 1865; mustered out with

company .
Henry J. Spangler, missing in action at Snicker's Ferry, Virginia
Thompson Smith, mustered out with company .
Edward Strickfather, mustered out with company
Martin Stoekmaster. wounded at Hatcher's Run, Vii-ginia, March 31.

1865; mustered out with company.
Wagner R. Smith, captured June 15, 186:3: mustered out with company.
John Slater, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps (records lost).
George W. Slater, captured June 15, 1863; mustered out with company.
William Slater, wounded at Hatcher's Run, Virginia, March 31, 1865.
Benjamin F, Skinner, mustered out with company,
Joseph Tuman, died May 1, 1863.
Anson H. Taylor, nmstered out with company.
Loren Twiss, captured June 1.5, 1863; mustered out with company.
A. Woodruff, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps (records lost).
Fred. C. Wickhauer, promoted to Commissary Sergeant September 36,

1863.
Seymour Waldron, discharged (records lost).
Benjamin H. Williams, killed in action June 1.5, 1863.
Edward H. Williams, promoted to Quartermaster Sergeant October

as, 1863.
Victor Weiss, captured June 15, 1863: mustered out with company
Abraham W. Walter, died of wounds June 35, 1863.
Robert W. Burns, captured June 15. 1863; nmstered out with i

I company.

lOMPAXY

Mustered into service September 39.1862. at Monroeville, Ohio. Mus-
tered out with regiment June 12, 1865.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Charles V. Parinenter, resigned for disability, Octobers, 1804.
First Lieutenant Edgar Martin, resigned for disability, February 18, 1863.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS .

First Sergeant Frank A. Breckenridge, promoted to Second Lieutenant
April .5, 1863; mustered out with company.

Sergeant John Kennedy, mustered out with company .

Sergeant Augustin L. Smith, discharged February, 1863.

Sergeant James Amadell.jJischarged March. 1863.

Sergeant Lewis White, drowned while in action July 18. 1864.

Corporal Marion C. Lester, captured June 15, 1863; promoted First Ser-
geant; mustered out with company.

Corporal Philander Miles, discharged for disability, (no date).

Corporal George A. Webster, in Salisbury prison from September 3, 1.S64,
to March 1, 1865.

Corporal William Odell, captured June 15, 1863; mustered out with com.
pany.

Corporal William H. Ramey. discharged for disability, March 30, 1863.

Corporal Norman H. Tillotson. mustered out with company.

Corporal Addison Barker, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, (no
date.

Corporal Lymau P. Blake, mustered out with company.

Musician, Dennis K. Canfield, promoted to Principal Musician Septem-
ber 1, 1864.

Musician, Clark Canfield, captured June 15, 1863; mustered out with
company.

Nelson Baker, captured June 15, 1S63; mustered out with company.

Albert S. Blanchard. captured June 15, 1863; mustered out with com-
pany.

William L. Burnham, captured June 15, 1863; mustered out with com-
pany.

Thomas N. Beers, mustered out with company.

Romane Curtis, promoted to medical cadet. May, 1863.

William Carson, discharged in hospital.

Sidney Carpenter, in Richmond, Virginia, on muster out; discharged
July 3il, 1854.

Jacob Carson, wounded May 11. 1864, and September 19, 1864.

William Carr, captured June 15, 1863; discharged in hospital.

Patrick Clark, discharged March 18, 1863

Orrin Cole, captured June 15, 1863, (no date of muster out)

Willis H. Conklin, prisoner from July 24, 1864, to March 1, 1865.

Eureka Colt, captured May 15, 1864; died in rebel prison September 1,
1864.

Wilson Day, mustered out with companj' .

Hugh Debow, no date of muster out.

Orry Decker, killed in action June 13, 1863.

Henry W. Erswell, captured June 15, 1863; mustered out with company.

Charles Erswell, captured lune 15, 1863; mustered out with company,

Martin Fay, mustered out with company .

Daniel T. Fink, March 1, 1865, mustered out with company : promoted
Sergeant.

George L. Fish, discharged for disability, February, 1865.

John B. Fairchilds, captured June 15, 1863; discharged in hospital,

Addison M. Frye, promoted Sergeant February 19, 1864: captured May
15, 1864.

Harvey E. Garrison, starved to death in rebel prison, Feboiary 14, 1865.

Henry Goodenough, mustered out with company.

Crary Green, killed May 31 , ]S63.

Frankhn Gieen, discharged February 18. 1863

Thomas Grannals, discharged from Cumberland hospital, Slarch 14,

Frederick Heminway, captured June 15, 1863: mustered
pany

Seymour C. Lester, promoted Sergeant April 5, 1863; captured June 15,
186:3; mustered out with company.

William McKee, discharged in hospital.

John W. Miller, promoted Corporal March 1,1865: mustered out with
company.

John Miller, discharged April, 1863.

Wilson Moore, discharged March 30, 1863.

Nelson S. Mosier, discharged March 20. 1863

Charles Nixon, died in rebel prison December 11, 1864.

John S. Phillips, mustered out with company

Franklin Phillips, captured June 15, 1863; mustered out with company.

Joseph H. Rhodes, promoted Corporal April 5, 1863; wounded in action,
September 19, 1864; captured June 15, 1863; discharged in hospital.

Napoleon Robinson, mustered out with company,

James Spence. died September 1, 1863.

John Salisbury, captured June 15, 1S63; mustered out with company,

Wallace D. Skinner, captured June 1.5, 1863: mustered out with com-
pany

Levi J, Steel, died May 14, 1863.

Simon Steel ; wounded April 6, 1S65; discharged from hospital

Jacob Steel, mustered out with company .

Josiah Snyder, died a paroled prisoner March 29, 1865.

Lyman R. Shepard, prisoner at Salisbury, North Carolina, from October
19, 18«4, to March 1, 1865; mustered out with company

with com-

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Lorin L. Spronger, captured June 15, 1863; mustered out with company.

Homer S. Seeley, died June 30. 1863.

John Siflet, captured June 15, 1863; mustered out with company.

Fernando Sly, died June 20, 1S63.

Otis Sylier, wounded in action September 19, 1864; limb amputated; dis-
charged iu hospital; captured June 15, 1863.

Christopher E. Tillotson. captured June 15, 1863; mustered out with com-
pany.

Cyrus Taylor, discharged from hospital .

William Waggoner, mustered out with company .

Samuel White, captured June 15, 1863; discharged from hospital.

Johfl R. Wilson, stm-ved to death in Andersonville prison October 81,
1864,

Albert H. Wait, promoted Corporal Febi-uary 19, 1S64; captured June 15.
1863; mustered out with company.

Hiram Whitmour, discharged February, 1863, for disabiUty ,

Alphord Bascom, discharged February 14, 1863, for disability.

Silas Simpson, killed by cars December 19, 1864.

Alonzo Linn, died from wounds received June IT, 1863.

John Murfy, discharged February 14, 1863, for disability.

Lafayette Loveland, discharged for disability (date not Ijnown).

Nathan Beei-s, mustered out with company .

David B. Moore, recruit; wounded at High Bridge, Virginia, April 6,
1865; mustered out with company.

COM PAX Y E.

Blustered into service September 29, 1862, at Monroeville. Ohio. Mus-
tered out with regiment June 12, 1865 ,

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Samuel W. Reed resigned February 12. 1863.

First Lieutenant Dwight Kellogg, promoted to Captain April 5, 1863;

mustered out with company.
Second Lieutenant Martin H. Smith, promoted to Captain of Company

D, June 7, 1865.

NOX-COMMISSIO.VED OFFICERS

First Sergeant WiUiam S. Rulison, died at Cumberland, Maryland,

Deeember 10, 1862.
Sergeant Martin V. Aldrich, discharged March 18, 1863.
Sergeant Charles H. Sowers, promoted to First Lieutenant December 9,

1864.
Sergeant Charles Loring, promoted to First Sergeant April 5, 1863; mus

tert d out with company.
Sergeant James Angel, discharged for disability April 15, 1803 .
Corporal Horace Lawrence, promoted to Sergeant December 10, 1862;

mustered out with company.
Corporal David H . Hutchison, captured June 20, 1864 ; iu rebel prison

when company was mustered out. •

Corporal James Wheaton. disii-harged April 24, 1S63, for disability.
Musician, Samuel Bratton, died in rebel prison February IT. 1865.
Wagoner, William Stone, on detached service when the company was

mustered out.

William Biirge, sicli iu hospital when company was mustered out.
James Bennington, discharged January 25, 1865.
Jeremiah Cassner sicli in hospital since September 20. 1864.
Moses Cassner. captured at Cedar Creel;, Virginia, October 19, 1864.
Henry Coats, absent on detached service.
Hudson Catlin, absent with pontoon train .

Jacob Dorn, Itilled in action at Winchester, Virginia, June 15, 1863.
Alexander Dennison died in rebel prison February 18, 1864.
Hamilton Dennison, died July 6. 1863, of wounds received in action.
Nicholas Durgin, died August 1, 1863.
Joseph Dignan, promoted Corporal, January 8, 1864.
John Ensign, discharged December 23. 1863.
Micliael H. Fullcert, discharged September 30, 1863.
Henry Gibson, wounded at Winchester, Virginia, September 19, 1864.
James Gregory, mustered out witli company.
John Ghorani, discharged March 18, 1863.
Elias Hanlcison, mustered out with company.
Richard Howell, mustered out with company.
John Hanserd, mustered out with company .
Peter Letts, mustered out with company.
Daniel Mead, mustered out with company.
Victor F. Mosier, mustered out with company .
James S. Moody, mustered cut with company
Isaac Odell, promoted Corporal April 5. 1863.
Lucius Palmer, mustered out wiih company.
George Pipher, died iu rebel prison, Agust 9, 1864 .
James B. Reed, died April 18, 1863
David Reed, mustered out with company
Thomas Shamp. died March 2'<, 1865.

Lorenzo Sweetland, discharged, from wounds receiveil iu action, Sep-
tember 15, 1803.

Frederick Shafer, died in rebel prison December 25, 1864.

Edmond P. Snyder, promoted Corporal April 5, 1863; mustered out with

compan.v .
Edwin Snyder, promoted Sergeant October 12, 1864; mustered out with

company .
James B. Smith, discharged 31arch IS, 1863.
Lambert N. Sackett, discharged April 1. 1803.

James Smith, starved to deatli in rebel prison, about October 15, 1804.
Newell B. Salisbury, died October 1, 1804, of wounds received in action

September 30, 1864.
Edwin Trimmer, promoted Corporal April 5, 1863
George W. Tucker, discharged October 15, 1863.
Wiliard C. Vanlere, discharged December 1, 1863.
Charles Vogal, killed in action at Winchester, Virginia, June 13, 1863.
Lemuel Veil, absent in hospital when company was mustered out.
David Williams, discharged April 31, 1863.
Perjy C. Wyrick. discharged December 23, 1862.
Mathias Zimmerman.

Ralph C. Poiner, (name not on muster out roll).
John W. Garrison, mustered out with company .

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Charles H. Riggs, died September 15, 1864. from starvation,

while in rebel prison at Charleston. South Carolina.
First Lieutenant Oswald H. Rosenbaum, was private to August 22, 1863,

when he was promoted to First Lieutenant; promoted to Captain

March 7, 1865.
Second Lieutenant Frank B. Colver, promoted to First Lieutenant June

I. 1863; discharged by special order War Department, April 4, 1865.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Sherman A. Johnson, promoted Second Lieutenant Janu-
ary 14. 1864; discharged for wounds June 15, 1865.
Sergeant George A. Scobey, transferred to Non-Commlssioned Staff

April 0, 1863.
Sergeant Wesley B. .Jennings, promoted to First Sergeant January 1,

1804.
Sergeant Charles M. Keyes, transferred by i>romotion to Company K,

April, 1864.
Sergeant Martin L. Skillman, captured June 15, 1865; mustered out with

company .
Corporal Myrcn E. demons, promoted to Sergeant; wounded at

Hatchers Run, March 31, 1865.
Corporal John Steele, discharged March, 1863 (records lost).
Corporal Augustus O. Garrett, promoted to Sergeant; captured June

15, 1863.
Corporal Frank W. Canfield, discharged tor disabilit.y (records lost) .
Corporal Jacob Wentz, died in rebel prison January 3T, 1865.
Corporal Wilham Gallard, killed in action June 13. 1863.
Corporal William H. Metcalf. name not on muster-out roll.
Corporal William H. Levering, name not on muster-out roll.
Musician, William Jennings, mustered out with company.
Musician, William Allen, mustered out with company.
Wagoner, George R. McCounelly, absent as brigade teamster.

PRIVATES.

Louis Buyer, captured June 15, 1863

Solomon Brown, died of wounds November 21, 1864.

Charles Brumm, discharged for wounds March 20, 1865.

Napoleon Buyer, absent when company was mustered out.

Lut'aer Barnard, wounded in action September 19. 1861; captured June
15. :-63.

Henry C. Barnard, captured June 15, 1863; mustered out with company.

George N. Bonn, captured June 15, 1863; mustered out with company.

Jay Bogart, mustered out with company .

Albert D. Buck, mustered out with company.

James Burns, captured June 15, 186;3; mustered out with compan.v.

Henry Blosier, captured June 15, 1863; mustered out with company.

Michael Clark, captured June 15, 1883; mustered out with company.

John Clavhi, discharged for disability (records lost) .

James Cross, captured June 15, 1863; mustered out with company.

William H. Chamberlain, discharged for disability (records losti.

Cornelius D. Congor. captured June 15, 1863: mustered out with com-
pany.

George B. Drake, promoted Corporal: captured June 15, 1863; mustered
out with company

Benjamin Drake, captured June 15, 1803; mustered out with company.

Jacoli Detless, died from wounds received in action November 21, 1864.

Martin Dippel. discharged for disa1>iUty (records lost).

Benjamin E. Deeley, captured June 15, 1863; mustered out with com.
pany.

HISTORY OF HUEON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Edward Forester, on detached service .

Conrad Filmore, absent— sick in hospital .

Joseph Grofif, captured June 15. 186;)

Joseph H. GofI, captured June 15, 186:3; mustered out with company.

George W. Greenhoe. captured June 15. 1863; mustered out with com-

pany

^ords lost )

Charles W. Gillen. discluir^-t-.l f..r .Usability (
■William Golden, captinvd Ausrust Vl 18«4
Georfre Golden, .Jr.. dit-d June vl. I^'i.'J.
Bryant Headley. transferred by promotion

First United States Colored Troops. Septe
Charles Hegony, no date of muster out.
John Harper, captured June 13, J86.3.
James Hoyt, died March li, 18ia.
William Hoyt. died May 23. 186.3.

Richard Howe, captured June 1.5, 1S«3; mustered out with company
Charles Hammond, discharged for disabiUty ; no record
John Hines, on detached service.

George Hines. captured June 13, 1863; mustered out with company.
Henry D. Johnson, died from wounds received in action June 15, 1863.
Charles G Knight, promoted Corporal : captured June IS, 1863.
Thomas Keyes, captured June 15, 1863; mustered out with company.
Lyman Luce, mustered out with company.
Patrick I^ughlin, captured May 13, 1864; exchanged March 11, 1865;

mustered out with company.
John La Fere, died in rebel prison (date not known).
Andrew J. Lewis, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps (records lost)
Frank Littlefleld, discharged for disability (records lost).
James P. McElwain. died in rebel prison (date not known).
William Morgan, mustered out with company.
Barney McGookey. died in hospital May i), 1863.
Richard Martin, missing in action June 13, 1863.
Foster Neil, captured June 15, 1863.

Thomas Neil, died in Andersonville prison (starved to death).
Theodore Ocks, killed in action March 31, 1865.
Albert Ott. killed in action July 12, 1864.

William Oehm, in hospital when company was mustered out.
August Raab. absent in hospital when company was mustered out.
Conrad Rhoela, discharged for wounds received in action June 13, 1863.
Delos C. Ransom, captured June 15, 1863.

William Reed, captured June 15. 186:j; mustered out with company.
James Reed, died from wounds July 12, 1864

Samuel E. Stowe. captured June 15, 1863: mustered out with company
Andrew Strawson, captured October 19, 1864.
Albert Srutley, name not on muster out roll .
John R. Savenack, mustered out with company.
Peter Sheur, captured June 13, 1863; mustered out with company.
George Stockley, captured June 13, 1S63.
George Shesley, on detached duty
Benjamin Thompson, on detached service.

Frederick Tucker, in hospital when company was mustered out.
Alfred C. Vantyne, discharged for wounds, Febru ary 20, 1863.
George A. Warren, died in hospital at Cumberland, Maryland (no date).
Albert L. Walker, promoted to First Lieutenant March 14, 1863; assigned

to the One Hundred and Eighty-Sixth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer

William P. Wheeler, promoted CoriJOial; wounded in action September

19, 1864; discharge.l from liospital.
Solomon Kri-s.Mis..hargH.| fnr disability, (record lost)
William Stahl. di«hniged in liospital, (no date).
George Weber, capturt-il .lune 15. ls63.
John McGookey, mustered out wich company.
Richard H. Trimmer, wounded in action; captured June 15, 186:1,
Thomas Persons, captured June 15, 1863.
Milo H. Wager, wounded in action; captured June 15, 1863.
Wilham Kelly, wounded in action; captured June 15. 1863.

COMPANY H.

Mustered into service September 8, 1863, at Monroeville, Ohio,
tered out of service with regiment June 12, 1863

Sergeant John O. Davis, prisoner from May 1.5. to Decembei- 6. 1864;
mustered out with company.

Corporal Frederick Staley, promoted Sergeant September 1. 1863; cap-
tured June 15, 1863; mustered out with company

Daniel Ambrosier. wounded October 111, 1864, and left in hospital.
Shannon Blackford, name not on muster out roll.
WilliamlBeck, captured June 15. 1863; mustered out with company.
Samuel K. Swisher, captured June 15, 1863; mustered out with company.
William L. Foy, died while a prisoner. June 44, 18G4.

Joseph Sidell, mustered out with company

Samuel S. Carson, discharged for disability (records lost)

H. M. Carey, captured June 15, 1863; mustered out with company

Thomas McClintock, discharged for disability (records lost)

James W. English, captured June 1.5, 1863; mustered out with company.

COM PAX Y K

- October 16, 1862,

; Monroeville, Ohio

NOS-COMMISSIO.NED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant James Healy, captured June 13. 1863; mustered out

with company .
Sergeant Joseph Goodsal, died of wounds, September 5, 1864 .
Corporal Ignatius Buff, discharged May 4, 1863.
Corporal Thomas R.ibinson. promoted Sergeant: captured June 15. 1863;

mustered out with compan.v

David S. Ames, mustered out with company.

Thomas W. Boyce, pi omoted First Lieutenant of Company F, March,

1864.
James Caul, died June, 1863.

Andrew Dunahoe. killed in action, at Hatcher's Run, March :jl. 1865.
James Duffey mustered out with company .

Arthur Donnelly, discharged at Cumberland, Maryland, (no records).
John Grant, promoted to Corporal; wounded Septembers, 18(>4.
Francis Higgins, captured June 15, 1863; mustered out with company.
John Hastings, transferred to Company B, October 16, 1862.
Michael Hyde, transferred to Company B, October 16, 1862
Daniel McGrady, mustered out with company.

George R. Marvin, captured June 15, 1863; mustered out with company.
John Robinson, died of wounds received in action, September 12, 1864.
Benjamin Spittle, captured June 13. 1863.

Edward Lavenack, transferred to Company B, October 16, 1862.
Ozias Huntley, in hospital at City Point when company was mustered

HOFFMAN S BATTALION — COMPANY B — ONE HUN-
DRED AND TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT.

Mustered into service, February 27, 1862, at Johnson's Island, Ohio.
Mustered out of service July 13, 1865, at Camp Chase, Ohio

NOX-COMUISSIOSED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Leroy W. Bailey, promoted to First Lieutenant.

Sergeant William Koch, discharged to accept promotion as First Lieu-
tenant in the One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry.

Sergeant Marshall Duray, promoted First Lieutenant; resigned De-
cember 13. 1S64.

Sergeant John Doherty, discharged August 7, 1862.

Corporal Frank Berger, discharged at expiration of term of service.

George Aikin, mustered out with company.
Michael Abele, mustered out with company.
Henry Brewer, mustered out with company
Frank Bridenbaugh. mustered out with company
Jacob Brunner, mustered out with company
John H Carrington. mustered out with company.

Clirist.ipli.-r L'r...-k. mustt-red ..ut with company.
J..lin EikltT. iiiusteic.l ..lit witli company.
Fr.Tiiklin KIlis, ninstrrt-.l ..ui with company.
George Fl.-iniUL-. imwt.i.-.l out with company.
Benjamin F. F..« I, r. mnstered out with company.
John Gould, niiistfivil ..ut with company.
William Hart, mustrrid uut with company.
James A. Harvey, nuistered out with company.
AKred Luff, nuistered out with company.
Basil JIark, mustered out with company.
Henry Motry, mustered out with company.
Ariacus Offerman, mustered out with company.
Frederick Ofterman, mustered out with company.
George W. Rohbacher, mustered out «ith company
George O. Sharp, mustered out with company.
Samuel Steck, mustered out with company.
Christian Steebig, mustered out with company.
,lohn Werner, mustered with company

t{[S'l()i;V OF IIUHON AND ElilE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Abrani C. Wliite. mustered our with company,
Benjamin;F. Withingtou. mustered mt with company.
Seth Woodward, mustered out with company.
Edwin R. Woodworth, mustered out with company
David Wright, mustered out with company.
John Wright, mustered out with company.

JOMPAXY C.

nson's Island, Ohio. Mustered
: Camp Chase, Ohio .

Mustered into service June 6. 186:3, at Jc
out of service July 13, IfcitiS,

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Corporal Emery Bureau, discharged June 5, 1805.

Jolin Burge, discharged June 5, 1865.

Joel V. Bidwell, discharged December T, 1862.

Ler Bates, discharged June 5, 1865.

John L. Davis, discharged June 5. 1865.

Charles A . Graves, mustered out with company

Joshua S. Harris, mustered out with company.

Samuel Knight, discharged June 5. 1865.

James McCarty, discharged June 5 1885.

Philip Morton, discharged August 20. 1863.

Edwin Moore, promoted to First Lieutenant in the One Hundred and

Second United States Colored Troops, September, 6, 1863.
Loeb Mark, discharged December 7, 1863.
Glaorge Van Buskirk, discharged June 5, 1865.

CO.MPAXY D.

Mustered into service September 16, 1S6S, at Johnson's Island, Ohio.
Mustered out of service July 13, 1865, at Camp Chase, Ohio.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

rporal Charles Waucke, mustered (
rporal John Gluck, mustered out.

Frank Beitchman, discharged April 25, 1863
William Beith, mustered out.
John Baunling, mustered (
George Currie, mustered <

August Gla
Charles Hittle, n
JolmHeyler. mu
Valentine Henn,
Jacob Hartmann

lustered (

t with company.
; with company .
t with company .

lUstered out with company.

stered out with company .

mustered out with company.

, discharged August 13, 1863.
Joseph Koleuber, mustered out with company.
John N. Lehman mustered out with company.
John Lechler. mustered out with company.
Jacob Metzgan, mustered out with company.
George Martin, mustered out with company.
William Raymond, mustered out with company.
Frank Rettman, mustered out with company.
Frederick N. Smith, mustered out with company.
Charles Solomon, mustered out with company.
Sebastian Schwinford, mustered out with company.
Mike Schlagter, mustered out with company.
Jacob Wellinger, mustered out.
SainuelS. Yoder. promoted September 26, 1864.
Benham Zahin, died January 26, 1863.

COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Second Lieutenant Foster V. FoUett, transferred to Company A, April 4,

Sergeant Ervin Hewit, mustered out with company .
Corporal Louis Ray, mustered out with company.
Musician, Aloys Baumeister, mustered out with company.

August Bottger, mustered out with company.
Boyd Clendenning, mustered out with company.
Barney Conley, mustered out with company.
Francis Conley, mustered out with company .
John Conley, mustered out with company
Moses Dildine, mustered out with company .
Benjamin S. Ervin.

William Ford, mustered out with company.
Doctor C. Gardner, mustered out with company.
Dyark W. Gardner, mustered out with company.
Andrew J. Hastings, mustered out with company.
Aaron J. Hunt, mustei-ed out with company.
William Hunt, mustered out with company .
William Jones, mustered out with company.
John Lahrman, died September 24, 1864.
David T. Livingood. mustered out with company .
Urban C. Livingood, mustered out with company
Jacob Long, mustered out with company .
John Noss, mustered out with company.
Edward S. Philo, mustered out with company .
George Reiter. mustered out with company.
James Buggies, mustered out with company .
William Ruggles, mustered out with company .
Joseph Shebeley , mustered out with company .
Frank Speildenner. mustered out with company .
George Bpron, mustered out with company .
Jefferson Stephens, must<'red out with company

ONE HUXDHED AXD SIXTY-SIXTH OHIO NATIONAL
(iUARn, COMPANY B.

Mustered into service May 15, 1864, at Norwalk. Ohio. Mustered out of
service September 9, 1864, at Camp Cleveland, Ohio.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS .

Captain Edgar Martin. First Lieutenant Samuel W. Curtiss.

Second Lieutenant Sterry H. Cole .

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS .

FirstSergeantEdw'dA.Comstock. Corporal Simon DeGraff.

Sergeant Walter Petteys .
Sergeant George S. Hoyt.
Sergeant David M. Pelton .
Sergeant Thomas MiUiman .
Corporal Edgar Barnhart.
Corporal George Willsey.

David Acker,
Cecil C. Abbott.
George Beers.
John Butt.
Asa Briggs, Jr.
George F. Burton .
Michael Considing.
GarrahB. Clawson.
Nicholas Dunn.
Peter R. Draper.
Isaac X DeGraff
Charles V. Fay .
Charles H. Hoyt.
Frederick Hines.
William H. Haskell.
Chalres Isenhour.
William N. Jenkins.
Sydney S . Llpyd.
Robert Lester.
Josiah Lawrence.
James E. Lutts .
Allen Morrison .
Thomas W, Miller.
Samuel B . Newcomb
Seth W. Osborn.
Henry C. Owens.
John B. Perkins.
Henry Sayers.
Hiam Stout.
John R. Sly.
Marcus M. States.
Jared C. Tutsworth.
Ben.iamin Worthington.
Wilbur Waldron

Corporal Albert Dunn .
Corporal Lyman J. Swift.
Corporal Lorey Arnold.
Musician, Spencer C. Cornell.
Musician, Henry Butt.

William H. .-imes.
Cyrus Arnett.
Daniel A. Jas. Baker.
Jacob Burdue.
James N. Burdue.
Myron H. Bentley.
George W. Curtis.
.\shurM. Cole.
William C. Davis.
Horace Draper.
Reuben Emerson.
Thomas Hagaman .
Elhanan W. Hawks.
Edmund J. Husted.
Joseph Isenhour.
Abbott Jones.
Charles F. Lee .
Marshal Lester.
Andrew J. Lockwood.
Alonzo E. Lawrence.
Marshal W. Lowe.
Robert Mountain.
Carlos Norton.
Joseph Nast,
Allen D Owens.
Harvey Palmer.
William Rice.
Eli,iah Soule.
John C. Sower.
Van Ransaelaer Swift.
William S. Smith.
Ezra Tutsworth.
Stedman Winchester.
Giles Yaples.

Coiporal Norris D. Fay, July 14, 1864.
Corporal Dwight Ruggles. .-iugust 3. 18W

Spurr>- Green. July 31, 18W.
Charles E. Burr, August 1.5, 18»4.
John Pinney, .Vugust 19, 1864.
Cornelius S. Plue, at home. .Septembe

HISTOKY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES. ulllO.

Mustered with i

Halsey D. Atberton.
Bryant I. Bloomer.
William H. Bishop.
D. E. Cliaffee.
William Denman.
Rebel t Ellis.
John Ford.
George F. Gunn.
James Gray.
Lucius L. Hollis.
Thomas C. Hill.
Charles T. Hester
Charles Higgins.
Harrison McConnell .
Jacob M. Miller.
Joseph Briggs.
Lewis P. Bishop.
James Conoly.
Byron Culver.
BenHJah Dolba.
John I. Dewitt.
Augustus C. Fritchel.
Leonard P. Feruauld.
John He£Ener.
George W. Harringtoi
WilUam Jones.
John Kunchel.
Robert Miller
Henrj' L. Moore.
Andrew McFarland.
Henry C. Niver.
William Norton,
AlvinE Phillips
William S Prosser.
Benjamin Robinson .
John Roberts.
John W. Sage.
David Summerlin.
Thomas Simpson
Eli Thomas.
Manson Terwilliger,
Peter V. Woodruff.

COMPANY ]).

COMMISSIONED OEFICEE

Dan

za B. GUson was t
the regiment he
tiou, he was not

Ephraim Briggs.
Robert A. Bloomer.
George D. Cox.
Albert I. Crosby.
Andrew Dufner.
Frank E. Fitch.
George F. Fletcher.
Homer P. Gibson.
Addison Gardiner,
Heber Harris .
William G. HolUday.
J. R Haskms.
George Jenkins.
Milo McCrilUs.
Luther A Amsden.
Doctor F. Brown.
Francis Childs.
Henry Cornell.
George W, Decker
Benjamin Dolba.
George W. Donelson .
M. E. Fenson.
Alonzo French
Benjamin F Heffner
William Hales.
George Jillich.
John Kraps.
Marcus S. Miles.
Frank A . Moore .
John Nesbett.
John M. Niver
Byron E. Noble.
Oscar Pease.
Ludwig Reimer
Orlando E. Raymond .
William Richardson.
Judson H. Snyder.
William F. Smith.
John H. Smith.
Daniel Truman.
William H. Vogle.
Humphiey Winslow.
William Wheaton
David Knapp.

Irst Captain of this company. On organization of
was elected Major, but through informality in elec-
commissioned, and returned home.

ONE Hl'NDRED AXD SEVENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT OHIO
VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, COMPANY B.

Mustered into service in August and September, 1864, tor one year.
Mustered out of service June 14, 1865, at Nashville, Tennessee.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

Captain Ira B. Wambugh, promoted to Captain September 18. 1864; mus-
tered out with company.

First Lieutenant Heni-y H. Crane, promoted to Captain, and assigned to
Com])any G, April 3, 1865.

Fecond Lieutenant Joseph P. Owen, promoted to First Lieutenant, and
assigned to Company E, Februarys, 1865.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

First Sergeant Alfred W. House, died at Nashville, Tennessee, Decem-
ber 19, 1864.

Sergeant William H. Smith, died January 6, 1865

Sergeant Charles M. Fiser, appointed Hospital Steward. October a, 1864.

Sergeant Nelson P. Hyland, mustered out with company

Corporal Willis Hague, promoted Sergeant December 86, 1864; mustered
out with company.

Corporal Joel S. Wolverton, promoted First beigeant March 30, 1865;
mustered out with company .

Conioral William Wright, promoted Sergeant October «>, 1864; mustered
out with company.

Corporal Lafayette T Trask, promoted Second Lieutenant March 22,

180.5, and transferred to Comi)any C
Corporal John J. Lowery, mustered out with company.
Corporal Frederick M. Childs, discharged May 30, 1865.
Corporal Stacy Packard, discharged April 13, 1865.
Musician. George Kidd, died January 0, 1865
Musician, George Schneider, died January li. 1865.

PRIV.iTES.

James C. Bard, mustered out with company

Eli Bushshawn, died January 12, 1865.

Edward Butcher, mustered out with company

Anthony I;- i- . -. ii-i I .l.i-uary 1-3. 1865

Corneliu- I ■ i mistered out in hospital.

Joseph ('■ : i- - ! "iit with company .

James P. r.nl, iiiiis!i-i, .i .>ut with company.

William Coupjiles, mustered out with company.

Charles Collins, mustered out with ccmpany .

Jeremiah Chamberlain, must ered out with company

Leonard Dellmater, promoted Corporal; mustered out with company.

Lewis Dieble. mustered out with company .

Frederick Dalton, this name is not on muster out roll

Charles Darby, discharged May 3, 1865.

Jacob Darr, mustered out with company.

Thomas Evans, mustered out with company .

Henry Englebuy, mustered "out with company.

Benjamin F. Fowler, discharged in hospital, (no date).

Sylvester B. Fleming, died February 5, 1864

John G. Gassman, not mustered out with conipan.v.

Nelson Gunn. appointed Hospital Steward, February 13, 1865.

Simon Grubb, mustered out with company.

Calvin Hall, mustered out with company.

CjTus Hinckley, appointed Corporal Deceml>er -iS, 1S64; mustered out

with company .
Robert Holley, died March 18, 1865.
Charles A. Hearth, died October 2. 1865.
Jeremiah Hinton. mustered out with company.
Charles Hall, died February 11, 1S63
Erastus Hatch, mustered out with comjiany
Benjamiu F. Holmes, mustered out with company.
Mills B. Hinsdale, mustered out with company .
Ovitt S. Hinsdale, mustered out with company.
Isaac L. Hendrixson, mustered out with company.
Charles W. Hill, mustered out with company
Samuel Holmes, mustered out with company
John R. Hoy, mustered out with company.
Christian A. Jeffers, mustered out with compan}-.
Martin Kolb, mustered out with company,
John Keller, appointed Corporal October 25, 1864; nmstered out with

company,
Joseph Knapp, mustered out with companj*.
Thomas Lundy, discharged May 3, 1865,
Loran K. Loomis, died December 5, 1864.
William E. Lohr, mustered out with company.
Thomas Morrow, mustered out with company
Jacob Middletou, mustered out with company.

Charles McKelvey, appointed musician; mustered out with company,
William S. McGowan, appointed Corporal December 14, 1S64; mustered

out with company.
Giles Mead, mustered out with company.
Thomas Mills, discharged May 30, 1865.
James Newman, mustered out with company.
John Paxton. mustered out with company.
John E , Patterson, appointed Corporal December 26, 1864 ; mustered out

with company.
George B. Powers, appointed Corporal April 20. 1865; nmstered out with

company,
Newton Parsons, mustered out with company.
Barney Pratt, mustered out with company,
Robeit Rice, discharged May 3, 1865,
Nelson Roby. nmstered out with company,
John Reddisseller, not mustered out with company.
Henry Shartzer, mustered out with company,
Charles L. Shorts, mustered out with company
Penell S. Shorts, died January 18. 1865.
Brobus Sterger, appointed Corporal December 26, 1864; nmstered out

with company.
Jacob Surgessou, mustered out in hospital.
John T. Slackford, discharged May 3, 1865.
John Snyder, promoted Sergeant March 30. 1865; nmstered out with

company
Ezra Sturdevant. musteied out with company,
John Salt, nmstered out with company,
liaiii hi .--I'l' '■'i\ mustered out with company,
.N . -: I i.iMstereil out with company,
^^ I - " nmstered out with company,

,Ia ->nii>li I Mustered out With company.

HISTORY OF HUKON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Charles Talbert, mustered out with company.
Thomas O . Taylor, mustered out with company.
Franklin Vanderpool, mustered out with company.
Thomas White, died February 3, 1 805.
David E. Wells, died January 26, 1865.
Louis D. Woolsey, mustered out with company.
Jackson Warnick, died February 10, 1865.
Thomas Wilson, mustered out with company.
John Will, mustered out with company.
Barney H. Weigle, mustered out with company,
Isaiah Wilson, mustered out with company
William L. Wallace, mustered out with company
Frank V. Young, mustered out in hospital.

Theodore J. Youngs, promoted to Corporal October S5, 1854; died at
Nashville, Tennessee, December 14, 1864.

RECRUITS— PRIVATES.

John M. Byron, not mustered out with company.
William H. Fletcher, not mustered out with company.
Charles H. Fletcher, not mustered out with company.
James Grey, not mustered out with company ,

1 Jameson, not mustered out with company .

ONE IirXDRED AXD .SEVEXTY-XIXTH REGIMENT OHIO
VOLrXTEER INFANTRY, COMPANY' E.

Mustered into service September 36, 1864, for one year. Mustered out

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant Henry Ritz. died March 18, 1865.

Corporal Henry Martin, mustered out with company.

Corporal Hurman Callman. mustered out in hospital (no date).

John Bichley, mustered out with company.
Ferdinand Eccard, mustered out with company.
Josiah ia . Elder, mustered out with company.
Thomas Eagon, died, January 1, 1865.
Alvis Haren died, February 3, 1865.
JohnHurbel, mustered out in hospital, (no date).
Alexander Kiefer. mustered out with company.
George Mclntire, mustered out with company.
Antey Meier, mustered out with company.
George W. Osborn, mustered out with company.
Wilham Oachs, mustered out with company.
Otis Olney, mustered out with company.
Ashley Quayle, died April -i. 1835.
Adam Schneider, mustered out with company.
Columba Z. Squires, mustered out with company,
Lucas Sickinger, mustered out with company.
Englebert Zimmerman, mustered out with company,

ONE HUNDKEIJ AND EIGHTY-THIRD REGIMENT OHIO

VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, COMPANY A.
Mustered into service August, September and October, 18&4, for one

year. Mustered out of service July IT, 1865, at Salisbury, North

Carolina,

COMMISIOXED OFFICER,

Second Lieutenant Samuel C. Hemphill, discharged, March 27, 1865,

James M, Benn-tt, mustered out in hospital, (no date),

John H. Carden, discharged, June 7, 1865.

Eli Decker mustered out in hospital, (no date).

John F. Foster, appointed Sergeant, April 26, 1865.

George Vf. Earick, appointed Corporal, October 13 1864, mustered out

with company.
Charles R. Fonl, missing in action, November 30, 1864.
Jacob Feels, mustered out with company.
James Gassard, discharged. May 25. 1865.
Philip Gossart, missing in action, November 30, 1864.
Francis I. Gossard, missing in action, November 30, 1864.
William H. Gossard, mustered out in hospital, (no date).
John A. Hemphill, mustered out with company.
Isaac Holt, died January 29, 1865,
Benjamin Holt, promoted Sergeant October 12, ISIM, mustered out with

company
Benjamin M, Kites, mustered out with company
David Mahon, mustered out in hospital (no date).
Joseph Reed, died February 10, 1862,
William Riley, discharged May 29. 1865,
John Richards, discharged at Camp Dennison, Ohio (no date).

Joseph K, Russell, mustered out in hospital (no date),

George Stlmmell, mustered out with company,

George D, Stevenson, mustered out with company,

Thomas T, Sessler, died February 5, 1865,

William Sheldon, died of wounds, December 17, 1864,

Peter A. Thomas, mustered out with company.

Samuel P, Tidd, mustered out with company,

George W, Williams, discharged June 26, 1865,

Jesse A, Williams, mustered out in hospital (no date),

Joseph H, Williams, mustered out with company.

James Walters, died June 8 1865.

James S. Wilson, discharged May 23, 1865,

Philip Zupp, mustered out in hospital,

ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-SIXTH REGIMENT OHIO
VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, COMPANY E.

Mustered into service February 87, 1865, for one year. Mustered out of
service September 18, 1865, at Nashville, Tennessee,

Oliver T. Ames, mustered out with company

Jeremiah Andrews, mustered out with company ,

James Bowe, mustered out with company.

Dyer Drake, promoted to Sergeant July 8, 1865,

Lewis Eoy, mustered out in hospital (no date),

Stephen Gibson, mustered out with company,

Ale:vander Harnden, promoted to Corporal August 19, 1865 ; mustered out

with company,
James S, Kinman, mustered out with company,
Galen D, Long, mustered out with company ,
Theodore Ludwig, retained under General Order 101,
Giles Morey, retained under General Order 101 ,
Matthias Arendorf, Jr,, discharged August 3, 1865,
Henry M, Smith, promoted to Corporal August 19, 1865; mustered out

with company,
Robert A, St. John, mustered out in hospital (no date),
George Shuler, retained under General Order 101 ,
Frederick C. Wise, retained under General Order 101
Leo Long, mustered out with company ,

ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT OHIO
VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, COMPANY G.

Mustered into service March 3, 1865, for one year. Mustered out of ser-
vice September 21, 1865, at Nashville, Tennessee,

PRIVATES ,

Philip Buigle, mustered out with company .

John S, Duncan, mustered out with company,

Samuel L. Eggleston, discharged May 25, 1865,

Joseph Eckhart, mustered out in hospital (no date).

Gabriel Gearhart, mustered out in hospital (no date) ,

Joseph Gearhart, mustered out in hospital (no date)

Sylvester Grover, mustered out with company,

Jacob Hartman, mustered out in hospital (no date) ,

Christ. Klepper, discharged May 3, 1865.

William H Myers, retained under General Order 101.

William H, Owen, retained under General Order 101 ,

Fidill Saile, retained under General Order 101 ,

Samuel W, Thomas, retained under General Order 101,

Frederick Warren, promoted Corporal; mustered out with company,

ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-FIRST REGIMENT OHIO
VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, COMPANY G.

John Akers, mustered out with company.
Natdaniel Bracy, mustered out with company.
Conrad Bauman, promoted to Corporal; mustered c
Thomas Biznett, mustered out with company.
Bartholomew Biznett, mustered out with company,
Eleader Barrett, mustered out with company,
Sumner E. Barnes, nuistered out with company,
Joseph Cavalier, discharged May 29, 1865.
John Couts, mustered out with company.
Norman Curtiss, mustered out with company.
James A. Conell, mustered out with company .
Sumner Converse, mustered out with company .
Joel Cooley, mustered out with company.
James Converse, mustered out with company
Albert B. Cavelier, mustered out with company
Amos B. Derby, nmstered out with company.
James S. Darby, mustered out with company .

UlSTOKY OF HURON AND EEIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

with company

Austin E. Ellsworth, mustered out with company.
David Fatzeneer. mustered out wiih company.
Samuel P. Foreman. iiiu>,tprt-.l ••m with company.
Philip Felder. mu-tfi.l -m vvnh . . .i.,iuiny.

JohnB. Fisbfr, musti-icl .ut uiili ii|)any.

John Geusert. mustert-d mui «iih cuipauy .

Frank Grill, mustered out with company.

Joseph Hadd. mustered out with company .

Levi H, Harris, mustered out with company.

Hewitt Harding, mustered out with company

Anthony Huber, mustered out witli comiiany

John C Houghtlen, mustered out with company.

Robert H J.ibnston. mustered out with company.

George Jenkins. iirMiiiMt..>a to Corporal: mustered

Hiram Minti. iiui-i.r.il .iit with company.

John W Mors,., .hs.hai -,d :\Iay 29. 1865.

Silas B. Mann, nnistt-red out with company.

Cabin McNutt, mustered out with company.

Franklin McLucas, mustered out with company

William B. McConnell, mustered out with company.

Asahel A. Pond, piomoted to Coi-poral: mustered out with company.

Emmet Portei-, mustered out with company.

J ohn W . Page, mustered out with company .

Alva Richman. mustered out with company.

Isaac W . Richards, mustered out with company

Samuel W Reed, promoted to Sergeant: mustered out with company.

Frank E. Smith, mustered out with company

Jared W Stocking, mustered out with company

Johu Seucrant. mustered out with company.

Isaac Scisinger. mustered out with company .

Rtuben Shelden. mustered out with company

Alanson E. Sheldon, mustered out with companj'.

Nathan Tanner, promoted to Corporal: mustered out with company.

Sidney Wheeler, discharged June 9, 1865.

William M. Wade, mustered out with company

Almond B. Wood, mustered out with company.

Eli Wolf, promoted to Corporal: mustered out with company

Sebastian Williocker: mustered out with company.

OXE HIXDRED AXD XIXETY-SECOND REGIMENT OHIO
VOLUXTEER IXFANTRY, COMPANY A.

Mustered into service March 9, 1865. tor one year. Mustered out of ser-
vice September 1, 1865, at Winchester, Virginia

COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Captain Frank E Pray, mustered out with company.

NO.N-COMMISSIOKED OFPICEBS.

Sergeant Amasa Heath mustered out with company.
Sergeant Henry C. Niekerson, mustered out with company
Sergeant Lewis S. Rouse, mustered out with company.
Sergeant Richard H. Reid, mustered out with company.
Corporal Michael Bead^v, mustered out with company
Corporal Sylvanus F. Bishop, mustered out with company.
Corpcjral Buel P. Barnum mustered out with company
Corporal Frank Eagle, mustered out with company.
Corporal Charles B Halsey, mustered out with company.
Corporal John W. Lee, mustered out with company .
Corporal William Selleger, mustered out with company.
Corporal Judson H Snyder, mustered out with company.

PRIVATES.

Halsey D. Atherton
Frederick Aves.
Virgil Brooks, died April IS,
Garit Bowman, mustered out with company.
,Iohn G Brunner, mustered out with company.
Calvin Chaffee, mustered out with company ,
William D Crawford, mustered out with company .
Frank J. Casper, mustered out with company.
Joseph Casper, mustered out with company.
Alexander Chapln. nmst-ipd Mut with company.
Henry Dewitt, must^i. I , ut with .Mmiiany.
Martin Diggins, mustH,,-,] ,,nt uiih company.
David Dalbee, mustei-.-d out with company
Andrew Dutner, mustered out with company.
Jacob Darenback, mustered out with company.
William H. Eichert, mustered out with company.
Samuel Edwards, mustered out with company.
Phillip Feller, mustered out with company.
James Finch, mustered out with company.
Peter Fuhr, mustered out with company .
Elza Ferguson, discharged May 15, 1865,
James Fiser. mustered out with company
Japhetli Galagher. mustered out with company.

Horace D. Hill, mustered out with company .

Thaddeus Hirbe, mustered out with company .

WilUam Holmes, mustered out with company .

William Hyter, mustered out with company.

Daniel Houts mustered out with company.

Ambros Hubbell, discharged May 15. 1865.

Edgar Johnson, discharged May 13, 1865.

Lewis Johnson, discharged July 19. 1865.

William F. Kellogg, mustered out with c ompany .

Sears Ketchum, mustered out with company.

Michael Kramer, mustered out with company.

Joseph Kebble. mustered out with company.

John Kreps, mustered out with company.

James C Lutts, promoted Commissary Sergeant June 11.

McCurdy LeBean. mustered out with comijany.

Herman Lougyear, mustered out with company.

Frank Meyer, mustered out with company.

Nicholas Mole, di charged June 17, 1865.

John Mosier, mustered out with company.

Cain Mahony, mustered out with company.

ivith company.

vith company.

with company.
Philip Maibadger. mustered out with company.

Robert March mistered
John Morrison, mustered
Michael Myers, mustered

t with company.
t with company .
with company.
It with company.
jt with company.
: with company.

Michel, mustered <
Anthony Michel, mustered oi
Charles Moore, mustered out
Robert Mountain, mustered (
William D. Moor, rausttred (
Patrick Mackiu, mustered ot
Charles McCoy, mustei'ed out with company.
William Norton, mustered out with company.
Joseph D. Nash, mustered out with company.
George S. Perry, mustered out with company.
Partine Phillips, mustered out with company .
Charles Richardson, mustered out with company.
Edward Ritter. mustered out with company.
Jacob Reimel. mustered out with company.
Edward Ricke)', mustered out with company.
Charles Sallebauk, mustered out with company.
Marcus Suydam, mustered out with company.
Myron B Seym.iur. mustered out with company.
Emil Schick, mustered out with company.
Charles Siller, mustered out with company .
Samuel S. Smith, mustered out with company.
Philip Sowers, mustered out with company.
George Polin. mustered out with company.
Robert M Shaw, mustered out with company.
Rupert Sti'ker. nuistered out with company.
Antony Steakley, mustered out with company.
William M. Sanders, mustered out with company.
Frank Tylor, mustered out with company
Solomon Weckert. mustered out with company.
Franklin Wilcox, discharged May 15, 1865,
William Walker, mustered out with company.
Jacob Wessert, mustered out w.th company.
William Wheeler, name not on muster out roll.

ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-THIRD REGIMENT OHIO
VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, COMPANY E.

Mustered into service March 11, 1865, for one year. Mustered out of
service August 4, 1865, at Winchester, Virginia.

NOS-COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Corporal Emanuel Sanders, mustered out with company.

Amos Baubecker, died July 30, 1S85
Levi Crawford, discharged June 6, 1865
Henry Carson, mustered out with company.
Joseph Cory. niiisfHr.-dr,ut with company.
Jackson Cory, miist.r.-.t i.nt with company.
JohnJ. Clos,. iun>i. r.-l mui with company.
George Carnutl. iuusti-r..-,l out with company.
John J. Craig, mustered out with company
Benjamin Guire, mustered out with company.
Jacob Glove, mustered out with company.
Joseph W. H. GUI, mustered out with company.
Peter Heners, mustered out with company.
William Hannah, discharged June 19, 1865.
Jacob Huntington, mustered out with company.
Hervey Hunting, mustered out with company.
Jacob Heneline, mustered out with company.
Lewis C. HoUoway, mustered out with company.
John Hanan, mustered out with company.

HISTOKY OF HUEON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Hiram G. Johnson, mustered out with company.
Nelson Johnson, mustered out with company.
Lester Knapp, mustered out with compau)' .
Marqui Knowles, mustered out with company
Joseph Mackey, mustered out with company.
Moses F. Mapes, mustered out nith company
John Mockerman, mustered out with company.
Thomas O'Harra. mustered out with company.
PhiUp M. Riker, mustered out with company
Charles Reno, mustered out with company .
Alfred Stevens, mustered out with company.
Alfred Slocum, mustered out with company .
Henry Thomas, mustered out with company.
Samuel W. Vanpelt. discharged June 13, 1S65.
George Vanpelt, mustered out with company .
OUver WilUams, mustered out with company
Jacob Minzener, mustered out with company .

ONE HL'IfDRED AND NINETY-SIXTH REGIMENT OHIO
VOLL'NTEER INFANTRY, COMPANY C.

Mustered into service March 21, 1885, for one j-ear. Mustered out of
service September 11, 1865, at Baltimore, Maryland.

Sergeant
Sergeant
Sergeant
Sergeant
Corporal
Corporal
Corporal
Corporal
Corporal
Corporal
Musician,

NON-OOMMISSIOXED

Alexander Cavilee, mustered out with company .
George S. Supner, mustered out with company .
Gates Seobey, mustered out with company.
Joseph Shepard, mustered out with company
Alexander Collie, mustered out with company .
Zeriah D. Ells, mustered out with company.
Mason Green, mustered out with company
William E. Geer, mustered out with company
Washburn Underhlll, mustered out with company .
Simeon O. Whaley , mustered out with company ,
Oliver O. Burgess, mustered out with company.

PprVATES .

Charles E. Arnold, died April 17, 1805

Benjamin^Auspargh, mustered out with company .

Albert Barber, mustered out with company .

Richard Boulton, mustered out with company

John Boyer, discharged March 29, 1865.

James Borden, discharged June 2, 1865 .

Edwin W. Chapman, mustered out with company.

Joseph Criver, mustered out with company .

Watson D. Chase, mustered out with company.

Samuel Chrysler, mustered out with company

Josiah Coats, promoted to Second Lieutenant of Company C .

John M . Chrysler, mustered out with company .

David J. Collier, mustered out with company

Peter Deel, discharged June 13, 1865.

George Deel, mustered out with company

Jacob Darr, mustered out with company.

Sylvester Daniels, mustered out with company.

Henry C. Dwight, mustered out with company.

William Darr, mustered out with company .

Henry M. Easterly, mustered out with company

Sylvester A. Filkin, mustered out with company

John Ferguson, mustered'out with company .

John R. Frank, mustered out with company.

Walter Grigs, mustered out with company .

Samuel E. Hartman, mustered out with company.

Ferdinand Hardenbrook, mustered out with company.

William W. Hutchinson, promoted Second Lieutenant.

Charles Higgins, died April 4, 1865.

Henry Hatfield, mustered out with company

John Harley, mustered out with company.

George Isahart, mustered out with company..

Charles L. Jones, mustered ojt with company.

Josiah D. Johnson, mustered out with company .

Jacob Kollar, mustered out with company.

John Loivery, mustered out with company.

George Miller, mustered out with company.

Edward S. McCloe, mustered out with company

James McCuUough, mustered out with company.

John G. McCannise, mnstered out with company.

William Ogle, discharged June 2, 1865.

Nathaniel Robinson, mustered out with company

Albert E. Read, mustered out with company.

Henry Jones Rinju, mustered out with company.

John S. Snurr, mustered out with company,

William A. Thompson, mustered out with company.

Edwin Thompson, died March 29, 1865.

William Tarris, mustered out with company.

Alfred Vansickles, mustered out with corai>auy.
Gottleib F . Winter^mlistered out with company.
Jefferson Wanzer, mustered out with company.
Francis Wells, mustered out with company.
Leonard Weis, mustered out with company.
Robert Wilson, mustered out with company
Samuel A. Young, mustered out with company.
Joseph Zimmerman, mustered out with company.
Jeremiah Zimmerman, mustered out with company

ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT
OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, COMPANY B.

Mustered into service March 28, 1865, for one year. Mustered out of
service July 31, 1865, at Camp Bradford, Maryland.

NO.V-COMMISSIONEp OFFICERS.

Sergeant Benjamin Ferris, mustered out with company.
Sergeant Rineheard Sickinger, mustered out with company.
Sergeant James Turner, mustered out with company
Sergeant George A. Trumble, mustered out with company.
Sergeant Daniel Wood, mustered out with company.
Sergeant Roland Vale, mustered out with company .
Corporal Eugene Emmons, mustered out with company.
Corporal Jacob Klapf er, mustered out with company .
Corporal Arthur L. Osboru, mustered out with company.
Corporal James E. Palmer, mustered out with company.

Henry Butts, mustered out with company.

Perry Curtiss, mustered out with company.

Lewis A. Darling, mustered out with company.

Helor Dewit, mustered out with company.

Charles R. Elwood, mustered out with company.

Arnold B. Fuller, mustered out with company.

John C . Hill, mustered out with company.

Benjamin F. Howe, mustered out with company.

Hugh Menagh, mustered out with company.

John McEwen, mustered <

Oscar Pease, mustered ou

John G. Park, died April 1

Eli A. Rosco, mustered ou

Tinas S. Rickard, mustered out with company.

John Reeves, mustered out with company .

Peter Saeman, mustered out with company.

Franklin E. Shupe, promoted to Commissary Sergeant, April K, 1865;

mustered out with company.
David W. Soper, mustered out with company.
William L. Shupe, mustered out with company .
Lewis Slyker, discharged in hospital: no date.
William H. Speare, discharged in hospital; no date.
David Whiddon, mustered out with company.

mt with compan;
twith company.

lith company.

COMPANY C.

April 1, 1855, Mustered out with Regiment.

{-COMMISSIONED OFFICER .

. Sherwood, mustered (

Perry B. Arnold, mustered out with company.

Seth Baxter, mustered out with company .

Byron H. Colven, muster .-d out with company .

George W. Cushman, mustered out with company.

Nicholas Deag, mustered out with company.

John Flarity, mustered out with company .

William Flickinger, mustered out with company.

George Gunn, died April 7, 1865.

Lester Gregorj', mustered out with company.

Jacob Gibbons, mustered out with company.

Joseph Kritzer, mustered out with company.

Flavius Kilburn, mustered out with company.

Gilbert W. Lindsey. mustered out with company.

Harrison McConnell, mustered out with company .

Richard Pryce, mustered out with company.

Alvin E . Phillips, mustered out with company.

Bramir S. Smith, promoted to Hospital Steward, April 18, 1865.

Haver Schenble, mustered out with company.

Stephen Schualey. mustered out «-ith company.

JohnSpaulding, mustered out with company,

Jesse Woo.lruff, mustered out with company.

George W Young, discharged from hospiial ; no date.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

COMPANY F.

Mustered into service, April 8. 1865, tor one year. Clustered out with
regiment .

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

S ergeant George Beatty , mustered out with company .
Sergeant Truman L. Blakinan. mustered out with company.
Sergeant Alva Bartlett. mustered out with company.
Sergeant Thomas Banning, mustered out with company.
Sergeant Isaac S. Gibson, mustered out with company
Sergeant David H. Lewis, mustered out with company.
Corporal Aaron J. Bretz, mustered out with company.
Corporal George J. Downing, mustered out with company.
Corporal Edward P. Fisher, mustered out with company.
Corporal Homer Millions, mustered out with company .
Corporal William Shechy, mustered out with company.

PRIVATES .

Samuel Aulger, mustered out with company
Learkin Bartlett. mustered out with company.
George Borer, miistered out with company.
Fredolin Borer, mustered out with company .
William Bohl, mustered out with company
C(ft-nelius Connor, mustered out with company.
David Darr, mustered out with company.
Richard C, Dimock, mustered out with company.
George Egerer, mustered out with company .
Andrew Fell, mustered out with company.
Edwin A. Gibson, mustered out with company
Blake W. Griffin, mustered out with company
Frederick Holchour, died May 5, 1S65
Barthold Hartman. mustered out with company
Cornelius Heath, mustered out with company.
JYancis Howe, mustered oixt with company
George M . Jeffrey, mustered out with company
Peter J Kuhn, mustered out with company.
Jacob Klarrh, mustered out with company.
Conrad Kiefer, mustered out with company.
Perry W, Kuntz, mustered out with company.
Edward B. Lincoln, mustered out with company.
Ichabod Lasey, mustered out with company.
WiUiam C. Luff, discharged July 8, :865.
John Merrills, mustered out with company.
Oliver Martin, mustered out with company.
John C. Pauley, mustered out with company.
Charles Rider, mustered out with company.
Henry C. Ransom, mustered out with company.
Nathan Shinn, mustered out with company.
Isadore Shell, mustered out with company.
Herbert W. Shaft, mustered out with company,
Charles Wilson, mustered out with company.
John Wilkinson, discharged June 8, 186.5.

ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH REGIMENT

OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, COMPANY B.

Mustered into service April 21, 18G5, for one year. Mustered out of

service May 8, 1865, at Camp Chase, Ohio.

John Blair, mustered out with company.
Harrison Barber, mustered out with company.
Judson D . Bums, mustered out with company .
William Bagent, mustered out with company.
Thomas Conner, mustered out with company.
William H. Endsley, mustered out with company .
James Endsley, mustered out with company.
Hiram Fowler, mustered out with company.
Charles R. Gardner, mustered out with company
Julius Hammel. mustered out with company.
James Hanvill, mustered out with company.
Alzen Hale, mustered out with company.
John S. Jennings, mustered out with corapauy .
Adelbert Jefferson, mustered out with company
John Lichtey, mustered out with company
William C. Tingley, mustered out with company
Thomas Thompson, mustered out with company.
George S. Walter, mustered out with company.
Edward Ward, mustered out with company.
Edwin J. Williams, mustered out with company.

Mustered

COMPANY
• .\pril 3-1. IMiD. for

year. Mustered

PRIVATES.

James E. Heater, mustered out with company.
Frank Mitchell, mjsterel out with company
Jacob Osterlln, mustered out with company.

SHARP-SHOOTERS.
Rial Phelps, enlisted March I, 1862.

TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT UNITED !<TATES COL-
ORED TROOP.S, COMPANY C.
Mustered into service February 26, 1864. Mustered out of service
September 21, 1865.

PRIVATES .

James Ashland, mustered out with company.
Simeon Banks, transferred to Twenty-Third Regit

Colored Troops.
Isan Clay, discharged in hospital
George Stanlej^, mustered out with company.

United States

Mustered into :

COMPANY D.
■ February 26, 1864. JIustered .

George Bailey, mustered out with company.

COMPANY E.
Mustered into service March 7 and 8, 1864. Mustered out of
with Regiment.

Allen Bobson, mustered out with company .
Bonrey Hidard, mustered out with company

■OMPANY F.

PRIVATE.

Franklin Treadwell, mustered out with company.

COMPANY H.

Mustered into service in 1864. Mustered out of service with Regii

Corporal William J. Thompson, mustered out with company.

John Farley, mustered out with company
Alexander Johnson, mustered out with company.
Cornelius Johnson, mustered out with company
WilUam Jones, mustered out with company .
James H. Quails, mustered out with company

FIRST REGIMENT OHIO HEAVY ARTILLERY.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

Sergeant Major Alvin M. Woolson, mustered into service August 5, 1863;

I service August 5,

mustered out of service July 25, 1865.
Hospital Steward, Wesley J. Andrews, mustered
1863: mustered out of service July 25, 1865.

COMPANY M.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS,

Captain Henry J. BIy, appointed Second Lieutenant June 23, 1863 ; pro-
moted to Captain July 16, 1863; mustered out with company.

First Lieutenant James H. Ainsley. enlisted as private June 30, 1863;
appointed First Lieutenant August 13, 1863; mustered out with com-
pany.

First Lieutenant Nelson E. Prentice, enlisted June 24. 1863; appointed
Second Lieutenant August 13, 1863; appointed First Lieutenant Sep
tember 5, 1863; mustered out with company

Second Lieutenant James G. Fish, enlisted June 26, 1863; promoted to
Second Lieutenant November 2G, 1864.

Second Lieutenant Wallace E. Bratton, enlisted June 1. 1863; jiromoted
to Second Lieutenant January 30, 18C5.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

Fir«.t Sergeant John B. Colby, enlisted June 28, 186:3, veteran volunteer;

nnistfrr.l out with company.
Qiiarteniuisiei- Serjeant William H. Hallenbeck, enlisted June 21, 1863,

veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.
Sergeant George W. Mears, enlisted June 28, 186.3. veteran volunteer;

mustered out with company.
Sergeant Thomas W. Hicks, enlisted July 13. 1868, veteran volunteer;

mustered out with company

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES. OHIO.

Sergeant Romanas Shepherd, enli-^ted June Si, 1868; mustered out with

vith com-
pany.

Sergeant John Matt, enlisted July G, 186.S, veteran volunteer; mustered
out with company.

Sergeant James Hutchinson, enlisted July 9, 1863; mustered out with
company .

Corporal Charles R Logan, enlisted June 35, 1863; mustered out with
company.

Corporal Daniel Corvele, enlisted July 4, ISiB; mustered out with com-
pany.

Corporal Josiah M. Dancer, enlisted July 9, 1863; mustered out with
company.

Corporal Edwin Cowell, enlisted June 24, 1863; mustered out with com-
pany.

Corporal Alfred G. Runner, enlisted January 4, 1S64; mustered out
with company.

Corporal Richard Fowler, enlisted June 20, 1863; mustered out with
company .

Corporal Henry 51. Elwood, enlisted July 17, 1863; mustered out with
company.

Corporal Charles Streeter, enlisted July 6, 1863; mustered out with
company.

Corporal Levi A. Hultz, enlisted July 15, 1863; mustered out with com-
pany.

Corporal Thomas C. Betts, enlisted December 32, 1863; mustered out
with company .

Corporal Silas McDougal, enlisted December 23, 1863; mustered out
with company.

Corporal John R. Hale, enlisted July 23. 1863.

Artificer, Andrew Houk, enlisted July 33, 1863.

Musician, Frederick Lesser, eijlisted July 1~, 1863

Musician, James Nobles, enlisted July 3, 1863.

Wagoner, John J. Tallman, enlisted July 6, 1863.

William Ainsley, enlisted July 9, 1863.

James Armatage, enlisted July 33, 1863.

■Warren C. Breckenridge, enlisted July 13, 1863.

Charles Bilderbach, enlisted July 33. 1863.

Israel Borough, enlisted July 22, 1863.

Edwin E. Jones, enlisted July 13, 1863; veteran volunteer.

Francis L. Jupp, enlisted August 13, 1863; veteran volunteer.

John Kinney, enlisted July 5, 18B:J.

Joseph Kelley, enlisted July 15, 1863.

James Lemon, Jr., enhsted July 14, 1863.

Jay Littleton, enlisted June 17, 1863.

Andrew H. Layman, enlisted July 14, 1863.

Anthony Latere, enlisted July 15, 1863.

James F. Lee, enlisted August 14, 1863.

Channey Lathrop, enlisted .4.ugustl7, 1863.

Henry Murphy, enlisted June 30, 1863.

Charles B. Morris, enlisted July 13, 1863.

Alexander Motry, enlisted July 13, 186.3.

Horace Martin, enlisted June 27, 1863.

Frank Morris, enlisted July 6, 1803.

Alfred J. Nichols, enlisted July 9, 1863.

John E. Nichols, enlisted July 9, 1863.

Nelson Olmsted, enlisted August 16, 1863.

Horace Place, enlisted July 18, 1863.

George E. Pruden, enlisted July 18, 1803.

Samuel Payne, enlisted July 30, 1863.

Jarvis D. Rolf, enlisted June 9, 1863.

George Row, enlisted August 17, 1863,

George W. Reed, enlisted June 30, 1863.

Jones W. Rosco, enlisted June 30, 1863,

Fred W. Rosco, enlisted June 30, 1863.

Alsiha SchoUield, enlisted January 4, 1864.

Frank Stempson, enlisted August 16, 1863.

Adam Smith, enlisted' July 2.3, 1863.

Samuel J. Spangbourn, enlisted July 22, 1863.

Henry Series, enlisted July 13, 186:3.

Zalman B, Slater, enlisted July 13, 1863.

Henry C. Bowen, enlisted July 23, 1863.

Michael Beaiy, enlisted June 32, 1863.

Joseph Coxley, enlisted July 6, 1863; t

Delos C. Chapman, enlisted June 28, 1

John Carney, enlisted July 9, 1863.

John Cole, enlisted July 23, 1863; vet(

James Cole, enlisted July 22, 1863.

James Cartwright, enlisted May 25, 1861.

Freeman Cables, enlisted .\ugust 17, 1863; veteran volunteer.

Charles H. Ders. enlisted June 29, 1803

Isaac Dewitt, enlisted .lune 2;-., 1863,

volunteer,

volunteer.

Hubbard E. Dwelle, enlisted June 30 1863.

Charles Dennison, enlisted Jitly 11, 1863.

Reuben G. Dickerson, enlisted June 39, 1863.

Peter Epp, enlisted June 25, 1863; veteran volunteer.

Franklin Fry, enlisted July 14, 1863.

Alpha B. Fally. enlisted June 27. 1SC3.

John Gorham. enlisted July U, isi.,.-i.

William Griffith, enlisted .July 14, 1863.

Charles Grauel, enlisted July K. 1803.

Wilson S. Gordon, enlisted June 25, 1803.

Youngs Gregory, enlisted July 13, 1863.

James N. Haines, enlisted July 13, 1863.

George Hotchkiss, enlisted July 4, 1863.

Lewis V. Hackett, enlisted July 6, 1863.

John Hire, enlisted .July 4, 1863.

George Hess, enlisted July 16, 18G;i; veteran volunteer.

Francis M. Halsey, enlisted July 18. 1863; veteran volunteer.

Lewis Button, enlisted June 22, 1?63.

William G. Henson, enlisted July 6. 186:3.-

John Henderson, enlisted August 13, 1863.

John R. Jewett. Jr., enlisted June 22. 1863.

Frank Stible. enlisted July 18, 1S63

Sanford Selvey. enlisted July 4. 1863

Martin L. Shanks, enlisted July 21, 1863.

Marlyn Sweatland, enlisted July 4. 1863.

Jay C. Smith, enhsted July 14, 1863.

Aaron Thewecter. enlisted July 7. 1863.

John Tomkins, enlisted July 4. 1863.

Claudius V. Turner, enlisted July 33, 1863.

Theodore B. Tucker, enlisted July 9, 1863.

William H. Wilson, enlisted July 11. 186:3.

Alexander Wiley, enlisted July 1, 1863.

William Ward, enlisted July 23. 1863.

Allen White, enhsted July 19. 1863.

John Yetter, enlisted June 22, 1863.

George C. Yowell, enlisted July 15, 1863.

George Yetter, enlisted June 32, 1863,

Corporal David W. Gibbs. discharged June 1, 1865.

Corporal Lafayette Billings, discharged Jun^ 1, 1864.

Artificer, Chelon H. Young, discharged October 35. 1864.

Milton L. Andrews, discharged May 30, 1865.

Samuel L. Armstrong, discharged March o, 1864.

Alfred F. BIy, discharged November, 1, 1864.-

William H. Blair, discharged June 20, 1865.

George W. Coit. discharged June 30. 1865.

James E. Heuron, discharged May 21, 1865.

James Harding, discharged June 37, 1865.

William M. Knowlton, discharged March 30, 1864.

George Lamkins, discharged June 30, 1865

George B. Nickle, discharged June IS, 1865.

Henry O. Place, discharged June 26, 1865.

William Perry, discharge.l May 18, 1865.

Preston Palmer, discharged :May 20, 1865.

Bamett Rowe. Jr.. discharged June 20, 1865.

Peter Ryan, discharged November 31, 1864.

James Ryan, discharged May 27, 1865.

Edwin F. Smith, discharged June 20, 1865.

John N. Simmons, discharged June 20, 1865.

Simeon Snyder, discharged May 24, 1865.

George H. Sharp, discharged May 18, 1865.

Thomas Tildon, discharged May 13, 1865.

Wilham H. Van Horn, discharged May 22, 1865.

Isaac H. West, discharged June 20, 1865.

Lafayette Whittinger, discharged November 14, 1863 .

Evans P. Williams discharged November 14, 1863.

Lucius A. West, discharged July 10. 1863.

Philander S. Abbott, transferred to Company C .

Hulbert L. Williams, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps.

Francis Taylor, transferred to Non-Commissioned Staff.

Wesley J. Andrews, transferred to Non-Commissioned Staff,

Jackson Ryan, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps ,

Thomas Williams, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps.

Edward C. Wiles, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps.

Alvin M. Woolson, transferred to Non-Commissioned Staff.

Corporal Charles Bailey, died at Covington, Kentucky, November 17, 1863.

Artificer, James Murfit, died at Madison, Indiana, December 8, I8W.

Thomas Germon, died at Kno.xville, Tennessee, July 10. 1864

Thomas Harding, died March 17, 1864.

Christian Marsh, died Februaiy 18, 1864.

Malcom G. Niles, died July 21, 1864.

Stillman S. Nichols, died August 5, 1864.

Miner Powell, died July 28, 1864.

James Peterson, died November 17,
Henn- A. Smith, died April 7, 1864.
Virgil Stevens, died May 7, 1861.
Leslie E. Sparks, died June 2, 1864.
William Waterman, died April 4, 11

1863.

HISTOKV OF IIUKON AND EKIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

FIRST KEGIMENT OHIO LI(;HT ARTILLEKY,
BATTERY B.

Mustered into service October 8, 1861. Tliis battery re-enlisted and was
finally mustered out of service Julj- 28, 1865, at Camp Cleveland
Ohio.

NOX-COMMISSIOSED OFFICERS.

Sergeant Elislia D. Parljer, discharged for disability (Date not Icnowu).
Corporal Silas H. Judson, promoted Sergeant: commanded the battery

as Second Lieutenant: assigned to Battel y F.
Artificer, William C. Hodge, died December r, ISJl

Jeremiah Arndt, veteran volunteer: mustered out with company.

Joseph Binehower, discharged June 16. 1865

David K. Bailey, died December 17, 1861.

John L. Barnes, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company

Jerome Boiee, transferred to Batteiy K .

James Baker, died in hospital at Nashville, Tennessee. (No date).

■William B. Carey, died at Nashville. Tennessee, November 6, 1868.

John David, promoted to Corporal March 1, 1S63; wounded at Chicka-

mauga: died from same Octobers, 186:5.
John Elliott, killed in battle of Stone River December 31. 1863
Samuel Earl, veteran volunteer; promoted Corporal; mustered out with

company
James H Fash, vetei-an volunteer; promoted Corporal: musteied out

with company .
Martin P. Fiudley discharged May 17, 1863.
Thomas M. Hunter, discharged March 34, 1664.
Rodman Harb. discharged June 16, 1865.

Joshua R. Krebs, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company
John Lepper, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company,
William Leary, transferred to Battery K.
Charles H. Millis, discharged January 9. 1863
Andrew J . McLaughlin, discharged June 16, 1865.
Thomas C. Potter, had both arms shot off in battle of Chickamauga

October 20; died October 21, 1863.
Emanuel M. Peet, wounded at Chickamauga ; veteran volunteer; mus-
tered out with company .
A. B Peet, died April 10, 1865
Alexander Stratton, discharged March 22, 1863.
John A. Shukers, promoted Corporal: mustered out with company.
Adam Sprinkle, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.
William H. Singer, veteran volunteer; promoted Corporal; mustered

out with company.
Sherwood W. Shankland.
Benjamin H. Searls, veteran volunteer: promoted Corporal; mustered

out with company
William Twerrell, veteran volunteer: mustered out with company
Jacob Wolf, transferred to Battery K, April 6, 1864.
Daniel White, veteran volunteer: mustered out with company.
Frank M, Yeckley. veteran volunteer; promoted Sergeant March 11

1865.

SECOND KE(;iMEXT UNITED STATES ARTILLERY.

Brevet Major Frank B. Hamilton, graduated at West Point June 14, 1863,
as Second Lieutenant; breveted First Lieutenant in Third United
States Artillery, September 17, 1862, for '-gallantry and meritorious
service at the battle of Antietam, Maryland ;" appointed First Lieuten-
ant June 1, 1865; breveted Captain August 20, 1866, "for gallantry at
the lattle of Gettysburgh, Penns.ylvania, July .3, 1863;" appointed
Captain in the Fourteenth Regiment United States Infantry March 15,
1867; breveted Major and now serving as Captain in the Second Reg-
iment United States Artillery, at Fort Ontario, Oswego, New Y"ork.
This officer is the second son of James Hamilton, at present and for
some years past postmaster at Momoeville

THIRD REGIMENT OHIO UOLUNTEER CAVALRY.

Musteied into service December 11, 1861, for three years, at the expira-
tion of which the Regiment re-enlisted, and was finally mustered
out August 4, 1.S65.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Colonel Lewis Zahm, mustered September 27, 1861 ; resigned January 6,
musteied September 27, 1861; re-

Cliaplain, Reverend E. Y. We
signed August 1, 1862.

Adjutant Lewis R. Zahm, mustered September 27, 1861; resigned De-
cembers, 18«3.

chief Bugler. William Hinnian, promoted from Company H.

Chief Bugler. Jerome R. Graham, mustered December 11, 1881.

FIRST BAITALIO.S--

Jlajor John H. Foster, mustered September 13, 1861; resigned February

14, 1863.
Adjutant William S Foster, mustered December 9, 1861 : mustered out

as supernumerary.
Quartermaster George C, Probert, mustered.December9, 1861; mustered

out as supernnmerary, March 30. 1864.
Ser!.'t-;uit Major J, Ransom Hall, promoted to Second Lieutenant May 21,

- — ^ i l: -bert H. Bliven

SECOND BATTALION.

Major James W. Paramore mustered September 27. 1861 : promoted to
Colonel January 5, 1863; dismissed July, 1863

Quartermaster. William R. Jackson, mustered November 4, isoi; pro-
moted to Captain November 1, 1861.

Commissary Sergeaut, James H. Johnson.

Hospital Steward, John C. Grafton.

Saddlery Sergeant, James M. Burg, musteied at expiration of term of
enUstment, Octobers, 1864

Vetermary Sergeant, Artemas Richards

THIRD BATTALLION

Quartermaster Sergeaut, Frank Wilham
Commissary Sergeant, C. R. Hipkius,
Hospital Steward. Horace B. White.
Veterinary Sergeant, James B. Page

This regiment re-enlisted January 4, 1861. The muster out rolls of
this date are not on file in the ofiflce of the Adjutant General of Ohio ■
thus rendering it impossible to give a perfect record of the enUsted men
prior to that date .

COMPANY A.

Mustered September 4, 1861,

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Dew-itt C. Doane, resigned November 12, 1862.

Captain William B. Gates, musteied out with company.

First Lieutenant Thomas D. McClelland, promoted to Captain, Septem-
ber 4, 1861

Second Lieutenaut Harrison Terry, promoted to Captain, February 14,
1863; resigned July 5, 1864.

NON-COMMISSlOSED OFFICERS

Quartermaster Sergeant George Milliman.

First Sergeant James Ransom Hail, promoted Second Lieutenant, May

21, 1362; resigned March 21, 1863,
Sergeant Edwin Clark,
Sergeaut Edward S Hurlburt,
Sergeant John W. Ward
Sergeant Charles B. Bennett.
Corporal Jacob Bauman
Corporal William E. Akers .

Corporal Anson E. Hitter, promoted to First Sergeant.
Corporal Siberia Keis
Corporal William McMaster.
Corporal J ohn T. Woodford .
Corporal Henry M. Meacham.
Corporal Martin V. McCrillis,
Bugler, Ralph N. H. Osborn
Bugler, Eugeue A. Osborn .

Farrier, Joel F. Smith, discharged October 3, 1864.
Farrier, John B. McFadden.
Sadler, Edward Morton
Wagoner. George Carlisle

Harrison Ames

Silas M. Adams,

Ira Blackman,

Daily Benuet

Joseph Ball.

Homer W. Brooks, discharged October 3, 1864.

JohnN. Buich.

Alfred C. Broughtou .

Hiram C. Burch

William Conley, discharged June *l, 1865.

Samuel C. Currie, promoted Second Lieutenaut.

John Carpenter.

David H. Crippen,

William Crouse .

Joseph Dolph.

Henry Drage.

Silas Eugles.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

107

Curtis Frost, discharged October 8, 1861.
Norman T. Foster.

Stephen French, discharged October 3, 1864.
Isaac W. Ford, discharged October 3, 1S64.
Henr}- Glenn.

Harrison Green, promoted Quartermater Sergeant.
Enos Griss.
Franlilin Hart .

Silas H. Hopkins, discharged Octobers, 1864.
Thomas W. Hicks.
ErwinHewit.
William Himberger.
William H. Horton.
Michael Hughes
Isaac Hunt.
Lewis Johnson

Charles C. Jewell, discharged October 3. 1864.
Joseph S. Keeler.
George Letherer.

Samuel Lingo, promoted to Corporal .
Boston Lidurf.

John W. Lai-ge, discharged October 3, 1864.
Allen McPherson, discharged October 3, 1864.
Levi Miller.
John Monaghan .
Robert E. Morton.
Richard Meredith.
Albert McMaster.
George W, Noggle.
JohnG. Oats.

John Parkason, discharged October 3, 1S64
Jay A. PoUey, discharged October 3, 1864.
Charles Payne, promoted to Cori'oral.
Patrick Parcel.
Horace Reynolds .

Ezra H. Root, discharged October 3, 1864
Theodore Rickey.discharged October 3, 1864.
George Smith.
Isaac Skillman.
Joseph Sekinger.

Pitt Simons, promoted Commissarj* Sergeant .
Jasper Strong, died March 10, 1865.
Lewis B. Tooker.
Thomas TuUey.
Marshall M. Turner.
George N. Veader.
John W Willoughby.
James Weldon.
George W Wright.

Thomas C. Wright, discharged October 3, 1864.
Charles A. Waite,
Benjamin F. Welch
Richard Wilson.
James O. Williams.
Henry Young

This company served three years, re-enlisted, and was Anally mustered
out of service at Edgefield, Tennessee, August 4, 1865 .

COMPANY B,
Mustered into service September 4, 1861. Mustered out August 4, 1865.

COMSasSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Leonard B. Chapin, resigned March 5, 1863.

First Lieutenant Elisha M. Calver. promoted Captain June 16, 1863;

resigned September ie, 1864,
Second Lieutenant Alonzo B. Eunis, promoted First Lieutenant June 16,

1862; mustered out July S, 186->.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Quartermaster Sergeant Martin E. Ellis.

First Sergeant Addison H. Pearl, promoted Captain November 30, 1864;
mustered out with company.

Sergeant Jesse A. Squires, promoted Commissary Sergeant First Bat-
talliou.

Sergeant Judson Willard.

Sergeant John Bartlett.

Sergeant Henry N. Porter

Corporal Charles P. Joliuson

Corporal Horace B . Porter

Corporal George W. Surges.

Corporal John J. Cowles.

Corporal Morgan J. Carpenter.

Bugler, Ransom CoUonwood.

Bugler. QK'Mge B. Squires, veteran volunteer; mustered out with com-
pany.

Farrier, William D. Chaffer.

Blacksmith, Elihu Jenkins.

Cornelius Ellis, promoted Sergeant; mustered out October 3, 1864.
Hiram C. Reed.
Byron L. White.

Orrin Adams, promoted Corporal.

Samuel B. Bassett, promoted Sergeant; mustered out October 3, 1864.

Philip Bangle, promoted First Sergeant.

Theodore Barber, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.

Simeon Blackman.

James Brooks.

Isaac Brown, mustered out on expiration ot original enlistment.

Charles Brown

Henry Brown.

Frank Buckley.

George W. Cole, mustered out of serWee Octobers, 1864.

Jerred Calvin.

Anson dinger.

Jude Corbon.

Luther Camfield, discharged in hospital (no date).

Benjamin F. Drake.

Avery Edwards, veteran volunteer; mustered out with compan7.

William Eastman.

Franklin Fay. mustered out at expiration of original enlistment.

James W. Fay.

William Fisar.

James Fairfax.

Eli S. Hardy.

Heman Hickok. veteran volunteer; mustered out with company .

Jesse HoUister. veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.

Edwin Hollister, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.

Ambrose Haws, promoted Seconed Lieutenant and transferred, Decem-
ber 2, 1864, to company H ,

Garrett Hawley.

William Hay se.

Lewis Harding.

Benjamin B Hillman.

Mendile Henry.

Lorenzo Ingles.

William Jenkins, mustered out June 17, 1865.

Conrad Keim.

Flavins Kilburn.

Henry E. Kress.

John H. Lawrence.

Mortimer Lawrence.

Henry C. G. Lane.

David C. Lipke.

Amos A. Morris.

Charles M. McGloan .

James Malki

Almon Mason.

Jeremiah Mason.

Norman Mason.

Thomas McKini .

JohnG. McFale.

James C. Ronk.

Simon Roberts .

Arthur Rogers.

Rodney Rice, mustered out October 3, 1864.

Myron Rice .

Orlando Starr.

Hiram Sexton, promoted Sergeant; mustered out October 3, 1864.

Willard Spurrier, mustered out April 30, 18H5 .

Myron Sweet .

Albert C. Smith.

Conrad Shillenburger, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.

Garner Stimpson.

John H. Smith, veteran volunteer; discharged from hospital. (No
date.

Henry H. Scott.

Edmond Tripp ,

Parmer Tracy.

David E. Tyler.

Edwin D. Tyler.

Robert Welch, discharged in hospital. (No date).

George S. Wilson, died of gun-shot wound August 16, 1864.

Peter Wets.

David C. Fields, died from wounds July 4. 1864.

Lester Case.

COMPANY C.
Mustered October 8, 1861. Mustered out with Regiment.

William Crorapton, veteran volunteer; mustered <
William H. Foster, mustered out June 17, 1865.
Albert L, Williams, not on muster out roll.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

coil PA XY D.

Mustered September 10, 1861 . Mustered out with Regiment

COMMISSIONED OPPICER

First Lieutenant Richard B. Wood, promoted Captain June 20,1862:
killed in action February 23, 18&4.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER .

Corporal Michael Farmer.

PRIVATES.

Edward W. Ausden, mustered out September 10, 1864.

Robert Benfer, mustered out September 10, 1864.

John Britzer.

Christopher Deleware.

Philip Ehman, mustered out September 10, 1864.

John H( Hand.

Edward P Lehi.

Edward Morse.

Abraham Moyer

Obed C. Russell, discharged November 23, 1864.

Isaiah Stout.

Alexander Tittle.

Thomas Warren

COM PAX Y E.
Mustered November 4, 1861. Mustered out with regiment.

John Griffln

Thomas Grant.

Levi Hipoug

William B. Kerr, promoted First Sergeant; mustered out with company.

COMPANY F.
Mustered December 11, 1861. Mustered out with regiment.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Oliver G. Smith, honorably discharged, September 11, 1862.
First Lieutenant George C . Roberts, promoted to Captain, September

11, 1862; resigned April 17, 1863.
Second Lieutenant Elihu Isbel, promoted Captain, August 12, 1663;

mustered out with company.

tTh.

Adjll

Sergeant James Johnson.

Nuuan, promoted Second Lieutenant; mustered
regiment

Sergeant L. La Charles.

Corporal Samuel S. Hoy t .

Corporal George G. Holliday, promoted Sergeant; mustere

vember 4. 1864.
Corporal Richard H. Reed.
Corporal Alfred Washburn
Corporal Dudley W. Post.
Corporal Asher W Coon
Corporal Albert Fox .
First Bugler, James Hanley
Second Bugler, I. A. Locher
Farrier, A. Richards

Saddler, Thomas S. Cromwell, died April 18, 1863.
Wagoner, Frank Rogers

Barkdall Arnott

James Arnott.

James H. Bailey.

David Beardsley

Malon J. Bassett, promoted Second Lieutenant of Company j

volunteer; mustered out with company
,Tacob Beckerstock.
Lawrence Blily
Ira Crow

John Duxberry, mustered out November 4. 18t>4.
Llewellyn French
Albin Farley

L. D. Fisher, mustered out January I, 1865
Charles Hayne.
Isaac P. HaskiDs.
Nicholas Houghton.
Alexander Houghton.
Edward R Holliday.
Amasa Heath.
John King.
Hayburn King.
George Kedwell.
Hiram Lynn, promoted Corporal ; killed August 20, IfO-l.

MelvinS. Lynn, mustered out November 4, 1864.

William P. Lee.

Lyman G. Lloyd, mustered out November 23, 1864.

Daniel Le Clear.

John Myers, mustered out November 4, 1864.

Thomas Martin, promoted to Sergeant, and Second Lieutenant Com-
pany K; veteran volunteer: mustered out with company

William Morrison.

James H. Mann.

Albert P.Noble.

Theodore L Prosser.

Edwin S. Prosser.

John Peacock,

Samuel Riggs.

Martin Rowe.

Lewis A. Rounds.

William Sheldon.

Richard Sheldon.

Royal Sikes.

William Setchel.

Abraham Sinfield.

George F. Sherwood .

Louis Shreck.

Byron Spencer .

William Tappin ,

William Vauscoy, mustered out November 4, 18ft4

Almond Vincent ,

James Watson .

JohnB. Young, promoted to Sergeant: veteran volunteer: drowned at
Macon, Georgia, July 18, 1865.

COMPANY G.

■ December 11, 1861. Mustered i
Regiment.

PhiloSt. John.

Frank J. bmith, discharged December 1, 1864.
John J. Watterman, veteran volunteer; mustered <
Frederick Warren ,

: of service with

COMPANY I.
: December 11, 1861. Mustered out of service with
Regiment.

Captain Henry B. Gaylord, resigned May 2, 1864.

First Lieutenant Clark Center, honorably discharged January 21. 1863.

Second Lieutenant William Goodnow, died May 30, 1862.

Sergeant James Merroe, promoted to Second Lieutenant April 8, 1865 .
Sergeant Daniel C. Lewis, promoted to First Lieutenant and transferred

to Company M .
Sergeant Chauncey B. Wheeler.

Sergeant Robert H. Spaulding, discharged October 3. 1864 .
Corporal Thomas Hoffmire
Corporal James B. Page.
Corporal Roswell Robbins.
Corporal Albert Sweatland .
Corporal Amos S. Waltermire .

Corporal Cyrus K. Livermore, discharged October 3, 1864.
Corporal Thomas Saltzgaber, discharged June 5, 1865.
First Bugler, Henry L. Bingham.
Blacksmith. Jacob Howk.

Blacksmith, Adam M. Rock, discharged October 3, 1864.
Saddler, Thomas D Stevenson
Wagoner, Frederick F. Drake, transferred to Company B, April 17, 1865.

Henry H.Allen

William F. Allen

John W Blackman.

Lewis M. Brightenstine

Solomon Baker

Charles B. Benham, promoted Quartermaster Sergeant; discharged in

hospital.
James D. Benham, promoted Sergeant July 1, 1865; mustered out with

company
Harmon L Breneman, killed in action at Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia,

June 15, 1864
William Bolster, died March 18, 18tB
John S. Banks, discharged May 24, 1805.
Frederick Bloom
Heary Broadman
Seymour B Coe.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Frank Cobban, died February 4, 1865.

Napoleon B. Downing.

Adam Fetter.

Henry B. Gaylord.

William L. Goodnow.

Clark Center.

Anson P. Green .

Lewis Heraminger.

Jacob Hammal.

Martin C . Johnston

Edmon Kiser.

Vernon Kellogg.

George Kreider.

Henry Libe

William D. Leak.

Pat Louber.

Charles McMaster.

Charles Mason.

James Mitchell.

James H. Mann.

Dexter McMaster.

Christian Nagiann.

Edwin Niver, captured Nov. 15, IStiS; starved to death in Andersonville
Prison June 19, 1864.

Warren W. Parsons.

Burr P Parks.

Otto N. Rogers.

Henry Rogers, discharged October 3, 181U.

David T Selance.

Charles A. Sanders, discharged October -3, 1864

Henry Sweatland.

Gaylord Saltzgaber. veteran volunteer: mustered out with company.

William Saltzgaber, mustered out at Macon, Georgia, (no date).

Joseph Stephens, captured at Frog Springs SeptemberSO, 1863; in prison
when company was mustered out.

William Spencer, mustered out at Macon. Georgia, (no date).

Samuel Stuke, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.

Christian Summers.

Henry Thomas.

Curon Thomas

Hyatt Travis, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.

Francella VanHorn .

Wilson VanHorn, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company.

Joseph M. Wilcox, mustered out at Macon, Georgia, (no date).

George Watson, promoted to First Lieutenant and transferred to com-
pany M .

Richard Waggoner.

COMPANY K.
Mustered into service December 11, 1861. Mu.stered out with regiment

COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

First Lieutenant Darius E. Livermore, promoted to Lieutenant Colonel
April 8, 1865; mustered out with regiment.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant B. Walter Burr, discharged December .30, 1864.
Sergeant John Maloney, discharged December 30, 1864.
Corporal Hiram Barnes.
Bugler, Henrj- Trott .

Blacksmith, William G. Swart, discharged May 30, 1865.
Saddler, Robert Dutchman, transferred to company M; veteran volun-
teer; mustered out with company.
Wagoner, Charles Yance, discharged December 30. 1864.

PRIVATES.

Howard Bowman.

George Cummings.

Peter M. Chilson.

James Druery.

Benjamin Grow .

William Gowitze.

William Grow.

Samuel Grow.

(ieorge Heslel^

William Heslet.

William Jones.

Robert O Kennedy, promoted Corporal; veteran volunteer; mustered

out with company
John Kelley.
James Morrison.
James McCormick, promoted Corporal; veteran volunteer; mustered

out with company
Jonathan R. Reed.
John Reynolds.
William Rose

Francis Shares.
Jacob Trott.
John Toomy .

Cornelius Vandenburgh, discharged December 30, 1864
Lewis Wright, discharged December -30, 1864.
I. W. Wilson.
James Wildon.
George Leitherer.

Robert E. Morion, promoted Corporal December 31, 1864. veteral
teer; mustered out with company.

COMPANY L.
Mustered into and out of service wittf the Regiment

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeaut John T. Woodford, transferred to Company A, September

PRIVATES.

William T Guinn.

Ezra Guinn .

Jacob Rush, discharged Jlay 18, 1865.

Jacob Snider.

William E. Thitcher, veteran volunteer: mustered out with comps

John W. VVilloughby.

COMPANY M.
Musteied with the Regiment.

NO.N-COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Farrier. Andrew Maxwell.

PRIV.ITES.

Napoleon B . Benedict, died of disease at home in Ohio.

Daniel dinger, promoted Corporal; mustered out October 1:3. 1864.

Michael Moulet, mustered out November 33, 1864.

James Maxwell.

Francis Ora.

Samuel Simons.

JohnB. Viele.

FIFTH RE(JIMEXT OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALRY.
COMPANY K.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Veterinary Sergeant, George W. Dimick, transferred to Third Ohio Vol-
imteer Cavalry.

PRIVATE.

Franklin Pallailay,

SIXTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALKY.
COMPANY L.
Mustered into service in October, November and December, 1861 . Mus-
tered out of service August 7, 1865 at Petersburg, Virginia.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS .

Quartermaster Sergeant Isaac W. Kirk, promoted to First Sergeant;
veteran volunteer; wounded April 6, 1865.

Sergeant Jacob B. Templin, promoted to Second Lieutenant October 16,
1864.

Corporal William P. Cox, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, Janu-
ary 1, 1865.

Corporal Madison Ti ail, discharged October 25, 1862.

Corporal David A. Musser, discharged October 30, 1S63.

Farriei, Nelson R. Gunder, discharged November 4, 1664.

Farrier, John 6. Carson, promoted to Quartermaster Sergeant October
1, 1863.

Bazil Brooks, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, March 31, 1864.

Jeremiah Culler, discharged November 4, 1864

Daniel Crist, died September 8, 1863.

David B. Cox. discharged for disability August 33, 1863.

David Elliott, promoted to Corporal; veteran volunteer: mustered out

with company.
Thomas E. French. promAted tn Commissary Sergeant, February 10,

1865, veteran voluiiti-f; Tini^T-t-fii out with company.
Henry J. Heisler, vfi.-raii \ -luiit.-r ; iimstered out with company.
Thomas P. Hillnian. ili^ch.ut;rcl .\ugust 17, 18(!3

HISTORY OF IIUROK AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

James A. Hughes, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company ; pro-
moted to Corporal.

Jeremiah Hileman, veteran volunteer: mustered out in hospital.

David Harman, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, May 13, 1864.

Jacob Ipes, promoted Corporal: veteran volunteer; discharged June
10. 1S65, by reason of wounds.

James P. Jenkins, discharged June 28, 18G5

George K. Mead, discharged November 4, 1S64

Harmon Minard, discharged August 18. 1862

George Minard, veteran volunteer; mustered out with company

William D. Oswald, discharged December 11, 1804.

John Pyle, died August 16, 1862.

John S. Regal, discharged February 23, 1S63

John Ripley, discharged June 7, 1862

John White, discharged February 3;!, 1863.

XIXTH KEGIMEXT OHIO VOLUXTF.ER CAVALRY,
COMPAXY H.

rviceJulya

Mustered into service October 30, 1863. Mustered out
1865, at Lexington, North Carolina

Clark E. Caligan. veteran volunteer: mustered out with c
William H. Hurlburt, mustered out with company .
Gregory K- Winegardner. discharged from hospital.

olunteer; mustered

COMPAXY I.
Mustered into service December 4, 1863. Mustered o
2il, ISe.i, at Lexington, North Carolin

Harrison Ames, promoted First Sergeant; veterans

out with company
William A. Blandon discharged May 23, 1863
Joseph Jopp, promoted Corporal; captured July 16
Julius Shruch, discharged in hospital; veteran.

TEXTH K£(;iMEXT OHIO VtlLUXTEER CAVALRY,
COMPAXY D.

rvice March 3. 1804 . Mustered out c
1863, at Lexington. Norih Carolina,

1 July 24,

PRIVATES -

John Battey, died August 18, 1863.

Martin Golden, paroled prisoner, at Annnpolis, Maryland.

Henrj- Hewitt, prisoner; surrendered January 3, 1863.

William Nash, promoted Corporal; mustered out with company.

Benjamin E. Parker, discharged from hospital, (no date).

William E. Ring, transferred to Veteran Reserve Coi-ps, April 26, 1864.

William C. Siegling, bugler; transferred to Company E.

George Slaokford. killed September 10, 1864.

Cook Smith, paroled prisoner when company was mustered out.

Frank Smith, promoted Sergeant; mustered out with company.

HISTORY

Towns and Villages in Huron County,

NORWALK.

ORIGIN OF THE NAME.

In 1640, the Indian title to the hind upon which
Nonvalk, Connecticut, now stands, was purchased of
the natives in two tr;icts.

The bounds of the east tract purchased l)y Roger
Ludlow, as described in the ancient records, were
"From Norwalk river to Sawhatuc (Saugatuck)
river, from sea, Indian one day walk into the coun-
try." For this tract the following articles were
given, to wit: Eight fathum wampum, six coats, ten
hatchets, ten hoes, ten knives, ten scizers, ten juse-
harps, ten fathom tobacco, three kettles, three hands-
about. ten looking-glasses.

The tract on the west side of the river, sold to one
Captain Patrick, is described as follows: "From Nor-
walk river to Five Mile river, from sea, Indian one
day in country." For this the following articles
were given: " ten fathom wampum, three hatchets,
three hoes, when ship comes; six glasses, twelve
tobacco pipes, three knives, ten drillers, ten needles."

The northern bounds of the lands purchased were
to be from the sea one day's north walk into the
country, hence the name Norwalk.
. The above explanation of the origin of the name
is, in substance, given in Barbers Historical CoUec-
tions, Hall's Historical Records of NorivcdJi:, and
Lossing's Pictorial Field Book of the Revolvtion,
and, perhaps, should be accepted as conclusive; but
it has always been a query with the writer, what tlie
name of ".Norwalk river " was at the time of the pur-
chase? If it was then Norwalk river, the name Nor-
walk could not have been derived from terms used in
describing that purchase; if it bore some other name,
it would appear singular that the "ancient records"
should describe the lioundaries as beginning "From
Norwalk river."

THE T0WN8HII> NAMED.

On the 9th day of November, 1808, Philij) B.
Bradley, of Ridgetield; Taylor Sherman, oi Nor-

walk; Isaac Mills, of New Haven; William Eldridge,
of New Loudon; Jabez Fitch, of Greenwich; Ebenezer
Jessup. Jr., of Fairfield; Guy Richards, of New
London; Ebenezer Avery, Jr., of Groton, all of the
State of Connecticut, met as the Board of Directors
of "The proprietors of the half million acres of land
lying south of Lake Erie, called the Sufferers' Land,"
at the court house, in New Haven, Connecticut,
and among other business transacted that day, passed
a resolution naming all the townships in the "Fire
Lands;" in and by that resolution, township num-
ber four in the twenty-second range was named Nor-
walk.

Taylor Sherman was the only member of that
board from Norwalk, Connecticut, and probably stood
sponsor at the christening. He was the grandfather
of Gen. W. T. Sherman who led that magnificent
column of American veterans on its memoralile march
from "Atlanta to the sea," and of John Sherman,
secretary of the treasury, who, to-day, stands befoi-c
the nations, as first of financiers.

ORIGIN OF LAND TITLES.

July 11, 1797, Norwalk, Connecticut, was burned
by the British and tories under Governor Trvon. A
committee of the general assembly estimated the
losses by the inhabitants at one hundred and sixteen
thousand two hundred and thirty-eight dollars and
sixt3'-six cents. Half a million acres of land in
"New Connecticut'-' was approprLated for the benefit
of those sufferers^ and those of other towns which had
suffered a like calamity.

The left hand column in the following table shows
the name aud amount of losses, in pounds, sliillings
and pence, of each Norwalk sufferer. The right hand
column shows the names of the persons, to whom
tlieir claims were paid in land. For a more full and
particular account of the classification and jjayment
of those claims, see the general county history.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

NORWALK, TOWN NUMBER FOUR, IN THE TWENTY-
SECOND RANGE.-

Classification No. 1, Section

Hannah Hooker 211
James Fitch 319

Haynes Fitch, two

losses 89

Jacob Jennings 23
Edward Wentworth 80
Ebenezer W hitney 108
Benj. Betts. Jr. 3

Michael ^lorehouse

Jr. 7

Michael Morehouse 4
Andrew Morehouse 1
Elizabeth Gaylord 5
Samuel Bunal 30

Nehemiah St. John 89
Samuel Comstock 2
Ephraim Stewart n
Thaddeus Keeler 2
Elizabeth Dunning 7
Silas Hickoek 3

Nathan Hickoek 2

Nathaniel Street .33
Jesse Burchard 7

John Benedict 172

David Jackson 53

Samuel Keeler 30

Benjamin Peck 23

James Brown 15

Anna Reynolds 22

John Dovey

heirs
Moses Dickinsons

Hannah Dickinson
Piatt Townsend
Daniel Thatcher's

Jacob Jennings
Stephen Wood
Sam'l Middlebrook

Sarah Dickinson

Deborah Dickinson :
Hannah Dickinson &
Eliza LiUibridge
Daniel Thatchers
heirs

James Smith 21 13 Committee

Footing of Classification No. 1,
Classification No. 2, Section 2.

Stephen Lockwooo

Thaddeus Betts,

two losses

272

James Cr owley

Gershorn Hyatt

Simeon Raymond

442

3!4

Thomas Comstock

442

'3H

Thomas Benedict

779

Thomas Benedict

502

John Rich

72
Fo

B
oting

ofC

John Rich's heirs
assificationNo.2,

£1,:M4

Classification

No. 3, Section 3.

Nathan Jarvis

279

Stephen Lockwood 219

Daniel Hanford's

two losses

323

32:3

Gold Hoyt

195

Thomas Comstock 195

James Hoyfs heirs 26

Thomas Benedict

779

Thomas Benedict

216

Matthew Keeler

165

Isaac Keeler

Jesse Ben-diet

144

Jesse Benedict

114

Matthew Keeler

165

Jonathan Riggs

Josiah Marvin

158

..**

Obediah .Siseat

Rebecca Smith

Isaac Waring

James Hitchcock

Thomas Hayes

Deborah Ricket

Samuel Kiteham

•2

Joshua Rogers

• r

Mary Avery

•'

Foot

ngc

f Cla

ssification No 3,

.4:1,344

Classification

No. 4, Section 4

Capt. Josiah Starr

Josiah Starr

Joshua Starr
Josiah Starr
Ezra Starr
Fara Starr
Dr. John Wood

Comfort S. Mygatt 400
His heirs 262

Wni. Taylor in right

ing of Classification No. 4.

,NI/,ATIOX.

At tlu' coniiiieiicei
foniiud jMi't i>i tlu'
towij.-liJi) of niin.ii.

)f the year 1817, Norwalk
(irv of the tlieu e.xtensivc

Early in that year, a i^etition for a
organization was drawn up and signed by a number
of citizens, but how many, or whom, cannot now be
ascertained, the writer having made a diligent search
for the original paper, among the public files, without
successs.

In pursuance of that petition, at a meeting of the
Commissioners of Hiiron county held on on the 18th
day of February, 1817, the following order was made:

On the petition of David Gibbs and others, we set off the townships
of Bronson and Norwalk (being numbers three and four in the twenty-
second range of townships in Huron county) from the township of
Huron, to be organized into a separate township by the name of Nor.
walk. By order of the Commissioners,

J Attest : Frederick Fally, P. 'I.

Frederick Fally, Ebenezer Merry and Bildad
Adams were then the county commissionrt's, and
Frederick Fally was acting as clerk for tlie commis-
sioners "P. T." {jjro fern.)

The two townships remained in that state of or-
ganization until on the 8tli of March, IS'20, when at
a meeting of the county commissioners, — present,
Joseph Strong and Lyman Farwell, — it was

Ordered, That towns numbers one and two, in the twenty-second
range, be and the same is hereby annexed to the township of Norwalk.

And that state of organization continued until at
a meeting of the commissioners of Huron county, •
held on the 4th day of March, 1823: present, Eli S.
Barnum, Robert S. Southgate and Amos Woodward,
commissioners, it was

Ordered, That township Bumber one, in the twenty-second range
(called Ripley), be and same is hereby annexed to township number
one, in the twenty-third range (called New Haven), fo:- township pur-
poses.

Ordered, On the petition of Edward L. Cole'and others, that townships
numbers two and three, in the twenty-second range (the first Bronson,
the second Fairfield.) be organized with township privileges, and that
the same be known by the name of Bronson. And notice of township
meeting on the first Monday of April next, given according to law.
Attest : MosES Kimball,

Clerk and Auditor, Huron County.

Of the townships here named in parenthesis, the
first should have been Fairfield, and the second, Bron-
son, but the record stands as cited.

Thus it will be seen that from February 18, 1817,
to Alarch 8, 1S20, Norwalk embraced a territory five
miles wide and ten miles long, and from March 8,
1820 to March 4, IS'i'i, its territory was five miles
wide and twenty miles long; forming an election pre-
cinct which polled sixty-two votes at the first elec-
tion, as appears by the certificate attached to tlie tally
sheet of that election, now on file in the county
clerk's office, which is as follows:

At a regular election of the electors in the township of Norwalk, at
the house of Daniel Tilden, in said Norwalk, on the third Say of April,
1820, for two justices of the peace:

We do hereby certify, that Enos Gilbert had sixty -one votes: Samuel
B. Lewis, forty-flve; Luke Keeler, one: Abijah Comstock, seven; Asher
Cole, one; and Joseph Pierce, three, for the offices of justices of the
peace. Platt Benedict,

Attest : Wm. Gardner, Euphalet W. Day,

Enos Gilbert, Robert S. Sovthgate,'

Clerks. Judges of Election.

At an election for slieritf on Deoenilier (;, 18-20, (at
winch Enos (Jilhert, of Norwalk. was elected)
seventy-two votes were polled.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

At iin election for justice on the "^d day of April,
1821, (at which Timothy Taylor was elected) seventy-
six votes were polled.

At the election for county otticers. October 9, 1831,
ninety-two votes were polled.

At the State election in 1877, the same territory
polled for governor: Fairfield, 303"; Bronson, 22o;
Ripley, 312; Norwalk, 1,34-4. Total, 3,08-1:.

After Ripley, Fairfield and Bronson were detached
from Norwalk, and'at the State election of October 8,
1831, only fifty-one votes were polled in NorAvalk.

PERSONAL PROPERTY TAX FOR 181-5.
{.\bstract showing Norwalk.)
Duplicate of taxes laid in Huron county for the year 1815, by the
county commissions of said county.
Eli S. Barnum, Caleb Palmer and Charles Parker, Con
Tax bill for the county of Huron in the year 1S15:

WBEATSBOROrGH. HURO:

Dillingham John SSHO

Reed. Hanson

Wilson, .James

Comstock, Abijah . .
Lewis, Samuel B . .
Newcomb, Benjamii

Total for Wheatsborough aSO
Total for Til 60

Huron i 5600

Vermillion 2480

Total for Huron County, 8192.40

The townships of Wheatsborough. Huron and
Vermillion appear to have constituted the whole
county, for purposes of taxation, at that time.

This duplicate was probably made out in the early
part of the year 1815. In August, of that year,
there was an entirely different arrangement of town-
ship lines established, as appears by the following
extract from Volume I, page 1, of the Commissioners'
Joui-nal of Huron county:

Commissioners' office, at county seat, August 1, 1815. First meet-
ing held at David Abbott, Esq.

Caleb Palmer, Charles Parker and Eli S. Barnum, Commissioners.

Ichabod Marshall, Clerk, appointed pro tern. Abijah Comstock,
appointed County Treasurer.

The new townships following are set off, viz:

1, Wayne's Reserve, at Lower Sandusky, to be known by the name
of Lower Sandusky.

a. Vermillion— comprising the following tract, viz: The whole of
the twentieth range of the Connecticut Western Reserve, together with
all the tract of coimtry belonging to the county of Huron, east of said
twentieth range.

3. Greenfield— comprising townships numbers two and three, in the
twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third and twenty-fou]fh ranges of
the Connecticut Western Reserve.

4. New Haven— comprising number one in the twenty-first, twenty-
second, twenty -third and twenty -fourth ranges.

By order of the Commissioners,
Ichabod Marshall, Commissioners' Clerk, pro tern.

PERSONAL PROPERTY T.\X FOR ISlfl.

(Extract showing Norwalk.)
County tax assessed on the residents of Huron county for the
year 1819:

Xorn-alk Towntihip. Horses. Cattle. Houses.

Abbot, Ezra 450 $2 25

*Ammerroan, Simeon 3 — 30

Benedict Piatt 2 8 ... 140

Boalt, Eben 4 ... 40

Boalt, John 2 .... 20

Brunson Hosea 1 — 10

Cole, Levi 2 9 ,... 150

Comstock, Abijah 3 3 ..,. 140

♦Clark, Lestor 1 .... 10

*Clark,Jabez 1 4 .... ro

•Cole, David 4 .... 40

yoriralk Tou-nship. Horses. Cattle. Houses.

*Cla;k, Halsey 1 4 .... 70

''Crawford, Joseph 2 20

Cole. Thomas 2 — 20

■•Demmg, Jabez 3 .... 30

Forsythe, Fi-ederick 1 1 350 2 15

Fay, Lucius 4 .. 40

Gibbs, David 1 3 .... liO

Gibbs, Samuel R 1 K . ■ ■ ■ 90

Gilbert, Enos 1 .... 10

*6uthrj,Eben 1 8 .... 110

■^Herrick, Ezra 1 2 .... .50

■►Herrick, Ezra Jr 1 30

'Hoskins, John 3 .... 30

''Hagerman, Thomas 5 — .50

Houk, Henry 2 2 .... 80

*Herrick, Lott 4 ... 40

Isham, Epaphroditus 4 40

Isham,Seldon 1 ... H)

Iiiman. Malvara 3 .... 30

•Kellogg. Jlariin 1 4 .... TO

Keeler. Luke 1 4 TO

Keelei-.John 2 2 .... 80

tLoekwood. George 2 60

Lockwood, Henry 1 3 ... 110

Laylin.John 1 1 -. -10

Laylin, Charles 1 10

Lewis, Samuel B 1 4 .... TO

Marshall, Ichabod 1 30

Mason, Cornelius 1 10

Myre«,Adam 2 1 .... TO

Odway, Nehemiah 1 30

*Pixley, Reuben 2 1 ... TO

Powers, Abraham 2 — 20

*Rundle. Abijah 1 4 — TO

Reed, Hanson 1 4 ... TO

"Reynolds, Job T 3 ... 30

'SutlifE, Nathan 3 ... :»

♦Southgate, Robert S 1 5 .... 80

*Sypher, Peter 1 4 .... TO

Strong. Silas G 1 ... 10

Tice,Peter , 1 1 :J00 1 90

Tice & Forsythe 200 100

*Taylor. Benjamin 2 .... 20

*Terry, Henry 1 ... 10

*Tanner, Nathan 4 ... 40

tUnderhill, Jasper 2 .... 20

Wheeler, Edward 1 1 ... 40

Wells. Ezekiel 1 4 ... TO

''Welch, John 5 ... .50

White,John 1 3 .... 00

Wilson, James 1 4 TO

Todd, Manning S 1 30

David Underbill. Levi Cole, Piatt Benedict,
Peter Tice, Frederick Forsythe and
Daniel Tilden, own all the town of Nor-
walk, assessed at $1,400 7(10

Total for Norwalk 42 174 .... $43 10

Total amount of the tax 81,217 75

Note.— Total names on this duplicate 63

''Lived in Bronson, then attached to Norwalk 19

tLived in Milan 1

tLived in Ridgefleld 1 — 21

Residents of Norwalk 42

To Hallet Gallup— .Sir.'— The taxes herein contained, assessed on
the residents of Huron county for the year 1819; you are by the Com-
missioners of Huron county, authorized to collect, you will, therefore,
proceed to 90lleet the said taxes, and pay the amount to the Treasurer
of Huron county as the law directs.

By order of the Commissioners,

Benj Abbott, Clerk.

PERSON.VL PROPERTY TAX FOR 1830.

(Extract showing Norwalk.)

List of Taxable Property in Norwalk Tow.vship.

Proprietors^ Xames. Homes. Cattl?.

■"Ammermon. Simeon 1 5 80.80

Bronker. John 2 1 70

Brunson, Hosea 2 20

Bangs. James 2 20

Benton William 1 10

Baker, Timothy 2 2 80

•Beckwith, William .3 30

Bangs, Theodore 2 flO

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Proprietors

Benedict. Piatt

•Baker, Spencer

*Baker, ^\ illiam

•Brownell \bel

Boalt. John

Boalt. Eben

•Clark, Daniel L

•Crawford Joseph

•Clark, LestPi

•Cl.irk, Jabez

Cole, Da^id

•Conger David

Cole. Thomas

Case. Samuel

Carver, Mdnch

Cole, Ashei

Comstoc k \bi]ah

Denit, Zurich W

•Day, Ehphalet

Decker, Elick

Dimick, John

Dillingham John

•DemmiQg Jai)ez

Dillingham Heur\

•Ervin, Thomas

Fnrsjthf iiedenek

Finney. Eravtus
■ Foster, beth
Fay. John
Fay. Lunub
Gallup, Hallett
Gardner \\ ilham
Gibbs, DaMd
Gibbs. Samuel R
•Guthrie Eben
Gilbert, Enos
Huyck, Henij
Hutohinb Elias
•Herrick Lott
•Hoskinb John
•Hagarman Thomas
•Herrick Ezra
•Herrick Ezid Ji
Inman, Mulvery
Isham, Ep-iplii oditus
Isham, Selden
•Johnson Bi vant
Jerolomon Thomas
•Kellogg Mai tin
Keeler, Lewis
Keeler, John
Lewis, SainueJ B
Laylin, C hailes
Laylin, .J ohn
Lockwood Henr\
Lane, Ebeiie^er
Ma.:on, ( ornelia
Marshall Ichabod
•Mofflt, Pbihp
•Pi.icley, Reuben C
Pratt, John
Pierce, Joseph
Porter, W illiam
•Rundle, Abioah
Raymond Lemuel
•Reynolds Job T

Reed. Hanson
•Sutliff, Nathan
•Southgate Robert S
•Sample John
Sifort, Fetei
Sifori, Peter Jr
•Tanner, Nathan
Tice, Peter
Tilden, Daniel
Todd, Manning S
•Terr}-, Henrj
•Taylor, Benjamin F
•Warren, Daniel
Welch, John
Wilson, James
White, John
Wlieeler Levi
Western Jonathan
Wells, Roswell

Horses. Cattle.

Proprietor^i' Names.

Wilson, Thomas C.^

Ordway , Nehemiah

Amount of Town Plat

gSi 10

TOWN* PI..\T OF XORWAl.K.

PROPEIETORS' NAMES. ' Taj-.

Benedict, Piatt ' 5 72}^

Benton, William 35

Bangs, James , 35

Bangs, Theodore » 30

tButman, John S .30

Cole Levi 4.50

Finney Erastus 1.35

Fay, John 1.68^

Forsythe Frederick 2.85

Gallup, William 1.50

Henry, Samuel 50

Lane, Ebenezer 1.50

Mason, Cornelia 2 00

Tice, Peter 5.75

Tilden, Daniel 8.00

tUnderhill. David 3.75

Williams. James 1.25

Whittlesey and Benedict 6.60

$47.60
Total amount of page footings of this duplicate 81.14-2 U

To David W. Hinman, Esi^.,

Sir;— The county levies liereiu contained, assessed on the inhabitants
of Huron County, for the year 1820, you are, by the Commissioners of
Huron county, authorized to collect, you will therefore proceed to col-
lect the same and pay to the Treasurer of Huron county as the law
directs By order of tlie Coramissitners.

For Lyman Farwell, Clerk,

Ichabod Marshall.

Note . Total names on this duplicate, including lot owners . . 101

•Lived in Bronson, then attached to Norwalk 33

tLi%-ed in Milan 1

tLived in Ridgefleld 1-35

Residents of Norwalk 66

PERSONAL PKOPEKTY, ETC. — TA.\ FOR 1822.

(Extract siiowing Norwalk.)

Duplicate of the county tax levied on the personal and town propei-jy
of Huron county for the year 1822.

Norwalk.

Hors

Arnold. Alfred

Bangs, Theodore S., lot 60, 1820, 30c; 1821, $1.25: 1822,

75c

Butman, Jno. S., lot 58, 1820, 41c; 1821, 79}^c; 1822,37^c; . .

Boalt, Eben

Boukee, John 1

Baker, Timothy, 1 house $400 3

Benedict, Piatt, 1 house ¥400, half No. 1 2

lot 14, 1821, 87Hc; 18^, 50c

" . lot 15, 1821, $4.40; 1822, 50c

lotl8, 1821, 63^0 ; 1822, 50c

Iot33, 1821, 62Hc; 1822, 50c

Benton. William

Boalt. Jolin 1

Comstock. Abijah 1

Cole, Asher, 1 house S250 2

Norwalk lots 4, 11, 19, 21, 27, 29

Cole, Asa, lot 22, BOc

lot 30, 1820, 52.18; 1821, 80.81H; 1^ 50c

Drake, Benjamin F 1

Drake, William, lot 26, halt 1820, 81.09^; 1821, JO.SIH;

1822,80.25

Dounce, John

Dillingham, John, 1 house f 2.50

Forsythe, Frederick, 1 house J8.50 1

% lot 9, 1821 and 1822

Finny, Erastus, 1 house -200, !^ lot 24

Fay, Lucius

Fay, John, deUnquent, 1820, 1 house, lot 16

same same for 1822

Gardner, William 1

Gallup, Hallet, lot 61 1

Gilbert, Enos 1

Gibl).s, David 1

3.85

1.37K

4.90

1.12^

1.12Ji

2.16
10

2.45

1.25

.50

1.62H

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Norwalk. Horses.

Gallup, William, lot 62, 1S20, '31, '82

Gibbs, Samuel R

Hurlburt, Henry

Henrv, Sanauel lot ir, 1820, -21, '22

Hoskins, Thomas • 1

Huyck.Henry 3

Isha'ii, Epaphroditus

Isham, Selden 1

Inman, Malvery

Kimball, Jloses, half 28.

Keeler, John » 1

Keeler, Luke 1

Keeler, Lewis

Latimer, Pickett , 1

Lockwood Henry

Laylin, Charles

Lane. Ebenezer, 1 house :200 1

Lewis, Samuel B 1

Laylin, John 2

Merryman, Enoch B 1

Marshall, Ichabod 1

lots36and37

Mason, Cornelia, lot 34 ". .

JIarvin, Zaehariah, lot 35

Odway. Neheniiah, delinquent of 1S2I

Pratt, John

Pearce, Joseph, delinquent of 1820 ..

Reed, Hanson 1

Richmond Everett, lot 66. 1821, '22

Straiten, Daniel

Tice, Peter, }s lot 9 2

•loto

lots 6, 8, 1831, '22

lots 35, 33, 1821, '22

Tilden, Daniel

half lots 12, 26, 1820, '21, -22

Underhill, David, lots 23, 88

Underbill, Benedict &. Cole, lots 2, 3, 10, 20

Williams, James, lot 64, 1820, -21, '22 1

Wells, Ezekiel

Wells, Roswell

Woodward, William

Wilson, James 1

White, John

Wheeler, Samuel

Wood, Andrew

Wheeler, Edward 2

Whittlesey, Elisha, lots 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44. 45, M,

55. 56, 57, 59, 63 and 63, 1821 and 1823 .

Unknown, lots 7 and 31, 1821 and 1822

Totals 47

Auditor's Office, Huron Co., Aug. 1, 1822.
I, Moses Kimball, certify the foregoing to be a correct duplicate of the
county tax for 1822. Moses Kimball, C. .4.

Note.— The total tax for the county, including Brownhelm, Black River
and Elyria. is tooted up $1,659.36.

It will be remembered that Norwalk and Brouson
were set off into a township by the name of Norwalk on
February 18, 1817, and that Bronson was set oif from
Norwalk on March 4, 1822. This, then, is the first
personal property tax duplicate for Norwalk town-
ship proper, and shows a list of sixty-six taxable per-
sons; but Butman, Underhill and Whittlesey were
not residents, leaving the actual resident tax payers
only sixty-three.

KESIDEyX REAL ESTATE TAX IN 1815.
(Extract showing Norwalk).
Resident proprietors' land tax, in the year 1815, for the counties of Cuy-
ahoga and Huron. State of Ohio.

6.75
2.99Ji

20
3.77H
1.00
4.0O
4.65

Proprietors'

II III

2 S'g «£

-■imount of
Taxes

T3tSl

Amount Due

$ 'cts. mills'200

8 cts.'mills300

Comstock.Abijah
Frink, William §
Wood, Standish

.....145022 4
..200. ...22 4
..200. ...22 4

4 : do

5
5

81
37
37

25l 81 00 OO
5, 37 5 ...
.^|37 5 ...

I have compared this duplicate with the original, and find it correct.
George Pease.
The charge for drawing off Ihe within duplicate is cne dollar and
fifty cents. Received payment of Charles Parker.J George Pease.

*There is one name on this duplicate for Portage < ounty. £r.d one for
Cuyahoga, with forty-seven other names for Huron county, the three
above given being all there are for Norwalk.

i Charles Parker was one of the county commissioners in 1815.

§ William Frink was a resident of Ridgefleld in 1812 and 1813. and of
Sherman in 18-20. and probably never resided in Norwalk.

TAX IX 1816.

(Extract showing Norwalk).

Proprietors'
Names.

Jill

4
2.3

Amount ot j^^^^'o^^'lj,^^^

Sets.

t%
17 50
27 75

4 50

mills, i S
5 '... 4

5 ::: ,?

. ;27

cts. mills

Beaty, John

Buii,Epaphrusw:.:: :

Comstock.Abijah

Frink, William

200

-l|i:;

21 5

t 5

.50

Total am't tax (with i est of county), sl.lSo.C

CoMMissioxERs' OFFICE. Hurou County, Ohio, June 8. 1816.

We hereby certify that the within and foregoing is a duplicate of the
State tax. for the County of Huron, for the year 1816.

Frederick Fally, | „„ ■,„-,,.

Attest: Ebenezer Merry, iji-ommissioneis.

Frederick Fally, Clerk.

t There are in this duplicate one name from Portage county, two
names from Medina county, four names from Cuyahoga county, one
hundred and seven names from Huron couty,— four being from Nor-
walk, and Comstock the only actual resident.

TAX IN 1817.

(Extract showing Norwalk).

Resident proprietors' land tax, for the year 1817, for Huron county.

Ohio.

Proprietors' Names.

C'olwell and others.

Bull, EpaphrusW

Comstock, Abijah

Fay, Aaron

Frink, William

Gibbs, David

Lockwood, Henry

Second Rate (for county)
§ Third Rate (for a

33742H

22 4:4
"" 42&3

22 4i
" 43
22 43

t'i339 87H

Commissioners' Office, Huron County, Ohio, April 3, 1817.
We hereby certify that the within and foregoing is a duplicate of the
State tax, for the county of Huron, for the year 1817.

§ There are in this duplicate one name from Portage county, two
names from Medina county, two names from Cuyahoga county, one
hundred and twenty.fhree names from Huron county, — seven being
from Norwalk.

+ These figures are the total for the county. The total for Norwalk is
$78.23)4.

TAX IN 1818.

(Extract showing Norwalk).

Resident proprietors' land tax. for the year 1818. for Huron county.

Frink, William

Gibbs, Pavid

Lockwood, Henry.

3 5^11

...•22! 43

280 •22; 4 2

HISTOKY OF HUKOK AND EEIE COUNTIEfS. OHIO.

There are ia this duplicate one name from Portage county, one name
from Medina county, one hundred and eights'-eight names from Huron
county,— nine being from Norwalk.

Tliere is no certificatp attached to this paper, but it is authentic, and
forms part of the oflicial record in the Auditors' office of Huron county.

TAX IX 1819.
(Extract sliowing Norwalk) -

The following Collector's duplicate, for the tax of
the year 1819, found amoung the papers of the late
Hallet Gallup, is the earliest one that the most
thorough search has brought to light. None are on
file in the Auditor's office.

and tax of tlie residents of Hur

imly. fo

irrii

33
32

3.3

281

350
6.30
638
520
140
544

Huron

Returned

t'onistock. Abijah
Fav \aroii

300
3li(
iOO

■m

311

Paid

Friuk William

sir"""

Paid
Paid

Gibl«, David

Lock wood, Henry.
Lewis, Samuel B..
Marvin, Zachariah

part:4

John S. Reed says, the tax against Cornelius Reed was paid for last
.year.

To Hallet Gallup:

You are, by the commissioners o Huron county appointed collector
of the foregoing taxes, of the residents, on land in the county of Huron.
Ton are. therefore, hereby authorized to collect the same, and make
returns as the law directs.

Joseph Strong. I ,^„,„,„v, ,.•„„„,..

TAX IX 1820.
(Extract showing Norwalk).

Benedict, Thomas .

do
Benedict, Elijah, ..

Beatty, John.

100

Benedict Piatt,

for Salley and

Mary Pettit

Boalt, Eben I 200

Benedict, William 800
Comstock. Abijah. 1160

Curtiss, Ira . .
Cole, Asa * Thomas
Crawford, Joseph
Cole, Levi, heirs of

B-rink, William + .
Gibbs, SamuelR .
Gibbs, David . . . .
Huyck, Henry. .
Inman, Melvery.
Jennings, Seth . .

Lewis Samuel B..
Lockwood, Henry

;Lane, E

iMeers. Moody

Uarrin, Zachariah

543

Tax in 1830-continue

"■

Non-Resident
Proprietors.

Resident
Proprietors.

,!s 1

? cts.

Middlebrook.SamT 1

rS^^c ...'
Riggs, Jonali. heirs of

Townsend, Jacob

413

urn

4.33 ■
170

33
32
22
32
32

;

4 1

4! 3

4 3

4 4

4 A.'.'.'....

■am

Reed, Hanson

1356
U2U

8r.5i-j

24(3
150
50

2:3'73

2«

Tice Peter

White, Moss, /
E.Tweedy, & others \

Whitlock, Thadeous
Whittlesey, Elisha. . .
Wood, Steplien

Wilson, James

Keeier, John '.'.'.'.'..

Newcomb, Jabez.

■■

Total for Norwalk.

I hereby certify that the above and foregoing is a correct dupli<
the land tax in the county of Huron, for the year 1820.

Asa Sanford,
Uiditor of Huron County.

I resident of Sherr

TAX Dl' PLICATE FOR 1878.

The present County Auditor, H. W. Owen, Esq.,
has kindly furnished the writer with a statement of
the several footings of valuations and taxes for the
township and corporation of Norwalk in tne yeaf
1878:

btate proportion

County proportion

Township proportion. X orwalk township .

State proportion

County proportion

Corporation proportion

Total for township and corporation.

37,804 75
S61,096 67

FIR.ST ELECTION.

Of the first election ever held within the limits of
the present township of Norwalk, Samuel B. Lewis
says (see Fire-lands Pioiieer of June, 1858, page 33) :
"During the summer and autumn of 1815, I built a
house on the farm I have so long dwelt upon, and in
that house, in the spring of 1816, was formed a town-
ship organization, just after which was held, in my
house, the first Norwalk township election. I do not,
at this distant day, recollect all who were present at
that election, but can only name, among others, pre-
sent: Judge Southgate, David Gibbs, Esq., Henry
Lockwood, James AVilson, Hanson Reed, Abijah
Comstock, Esq., mj-self and some fifteen or twenty
others. Judge Southgate, Abijah Comstock, Esq.,
and Samuel B. Lewis. Esq.. constituted the board at
this election.

Martin Kellogg says (see Fire-hiiuh Pi(i)u-i-r of
March, 1859, page 41): "The first election in Norwalk
town.ship was held at the house of Hanson Reed in
April, 1817. Norwalk and Bronsou were at this time
organized as an election district. There was no jus-
tice of the peace or otlier officer who could lawfully

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

117

qualify the election board before entering upon the
duties for which they were chosen.

'"Abijah Comstock had been justice of the peace,
but his commission had expired previous to this elec-
tion. After the electors had met and the board was
formed, they had to send to Ridgefield for Esquire
Littlefield to come and qualify the board."

"On the 6th of April, 1818, (Norwalk and Bronson
being together as an election district,) R. S. South-
gate was elected justice of the peace. Number of
votes at said election, twenty-two, of which Mr.
Southgate had twent_v-one votes. On the 28th of
ilay, he was qualified by James Williams, Esq.,
county clerk. On the 13th of April. 1818, an elec-
tion was held at the house of Samuel B. Lewis, in
Norwalk township, (Bronson and Norwalk together.)
At this election fifty-six votes were given. S. B.
Lewis, Lott Herrick and Martin Kellogg were judges,
and Reuben Pixley and Dr. Joseph Pearce were clerks
of election."

• "Norwalk and Bronson were together as an election
district from 1817 (the time of their first organiza-
tion) to 1822. For a part of this time Fairfield was
included in the same organization, making an election
district five miles wide and fifteen miles long, the
same being called Norwalk; and while so together, all
the elections were held in the- jiart called Norwalk
proper."

Mrs. Elizabeth Miuu, formerly Reed, says (see
Fire-lands Pioneer of March, 1859, page 48): "The
first town meeting was held at our house, as near as
I can remember, in 1818. The officers I do not re-
member except Reuben Pixley. He was town clerk."

The foregoing statements are all in conflict with
each other, and leave the question as to date, in
doubt.

Mr. Lewis is undoubtedly mistaken in fixing the
date in 1816, for Norwalk was not set off from the
township of Huron until February 18, 1817.

Mr. Kellogg evidently speaks from memory in fix-
ing the date as April, 1817, and does not give the
names of any of the officers ofliciating at the election
he describes, nor the names of any of the officers
elected. He speaks by the record in his account of
the election of April 6, 1818, but puts them in a
little thick when he gives us another election on April
13, 1818, only seven days after that of the 6th. lu
the number of votes and names of officers officiating,
he exactly describes the election for governor and
other officers held on October 13, 1818. There is
no official record in any of the county offices, from
which an inference could be drawn, that any election
Avas held on April 13th; so he is probably incoi-rect in
that statement.

He is, in part, correct in stating that part of the
time between 1817 and 1832, Fairfield formed part
of the election district "called Norwalk." From
February 18, 1817, to March 8, 1820, Bronson and
Norwalk were one organization named Norwalk; at
the latter date, Ripley and Fairfield were attached to

Norwalk, and the four townships constituted an elec-
tion district, five miles wide and twenty miles long,
from that time until March 4, 1822, when Bronson
and Fairfield were set oft' into an organization by the
name of Bronson, and Ripley was attached to New
Haven.

No poll l)ook, nor certificate of election can be
found in any of the county offices, relating to an
election in Norwalk in 1817, but in volume one of
the "Commissioners' Journal" of Huron county,
showing the disbursements by the County Treasurer
for 1817, appears the following entry:

Voucher 258.

1*17 — June 4. — To Abijah Comstock, for making returns of
Justice elect SI 00

Voucher 258, now on file in the Auditor's office,
reads as follows:

I hereby certify that Abijah Comstock made return of the election of
a justice of the peace for the township of Norwalk, and that by said
returns he was a judge of the election.

May 20, 1S17. David Abbott, Clerk Common Pleas.

In the probate judges office, at Norwalk, is a little
old record book containing a medley of official memo-
randa of estrays, store, -tavern and ferry licenses,
marriages, certificates of the organization of dif-
ferent religions societies, and official qualification of
justices of the peace; among which is the following:

June 4. 18ir. David Gibbs sworn ii
for Norwalk township, before me.

The foregoing entries and voucher fully corroborate
and establish the correctness of Mr. Kellogg's state-
ment, that the first election was held in 1817, and it
is undoubtedly true that April was the month, and
Hanson Reed's house the place, when and where it
occurred.

Hanson Reed's house was situated on the east side
of the road leading from near the water works to the
Fairfield road, and about thirty rods from the latter
road.

No poll-l)0ok can be found of the election of April
6, 1818, but an official certificate of an "abstract of
the votes cast at that election is on file in the county
clerk's office, and is as follows :

Whereas, By poll-book transmitted to me, and opened in the pres-
ence of David Abbott and David W. Hinman, two justices of tlie peace
in and for the county of Huron, it appears that at an election in and for
the township of Norwalk, on the Cth day of April, 1318, the number of
votes amounted to twent}--two, and that Rjbert S. Southgate liad twenty-
one votes and Samuel B. Lewis one vote, consequently the said Robert
S- Southgate was duly elected a justice of the peace, in and for the
township of Norwalk, in the county aforesaid.

■We, the undersigned, do hereby certify that the above is a true
abstract of the above mentioned poll-book opened by us .

Dated this 13th day of April, 1818. David Abbott,

David W. Hismas,

Jinstii-es of the Peace.

Ill the Commissioners" Jounuil, account of disburse-
ments for the year 1818. appears the following entry
under date of May 27:

To S B Lewis for election return ....

Voucher No. 360, for that .

I do hereby certify thit Samuel B Lewis made a return of tlie poll-
book of the election of a justice of the iieace. in and tor the township
of Norwalk, whereby it appears that Robert S. Southgate was elected a
justice. 'Jas. Williams, C. Pleas.

reads :

118

HISTOEY OF HUKON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Tlie foregoing certificates and commissioners' entry
form the onlj- official recognition of the election of
April 6, 1818. They fully corroborate Mr. Kellogg
as to his statement of that election. It is probable
that Samuel B. Lewis, Lott Herrick and Martin Kel-
logg, were the Judges, as stated by Mr. Kellogg, and
Eeuben Pixley one of the clerks, as stated by both
Mr. Kellogg and Mrs. Minn.

The poll-book of the State election of October 13,
1818, (which Mr. Kellogg so exactly describes as hav-
ing been held April 13,) is the first and oldest one
found on the files in the county clerk's office. This is
probably the election referi-ed to by ]\Ir. Lewis and
Mr. Kellogg as the one held at the house of the former.
The following is a copy:

POLL BOOI-

■TOBEK 13, 1818.

Poll Book of the election held in the township of Norwalk, in the
county of Huron, on the thirteenth daj of October, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighteen. Martin Kellogg, Sam-
uel B. Lewis, and Lot Herrick, judges; and Reuben Pixley and Joseph
Pearce. clerks of this election, were severally swore as the law directs,
previous to their entenng on the duties of their offices

No.

i of Electors.

Levi Cole.
*Eben Guthrie.
Mulvery Inman.
Ezra Abbott.
Burwell Whitlock.
*Stewart Southgate.
Asher Cole.
Edward Wheeler.
Hanson Read.
.Joseph Pearce.
John Laylin.
Charles Laylin.
*William W. Beckwith
'Joseph Crawford.
*Job T. Reynolds.
Carlton Hoskins.
Piatt Benedict.
*Lot Herrick.
*5Iartin Kellogg.
'Daniel Warren .
Lucius Fay.
Samuel B. Lewis.
♦Roberts. Southgate.
*Jabez Uemming.
Jasper Underbill.
John Welch.
♦Reuben Pixley.
David Underbill.

Reibe.n Pixley.
Jo.sEPH Pearce,

Clerks.

No.
^of Names of Electors

29. Peter Tice.

30. Simon Timermon.

31. Reuben C. Pixley.
82 James Wilson.

33. 'Lester Clark.

:J4. *Nathan Sutlifl.

35. Thomas Cole.

36. Truman Rusco

37. John White.

38. Eben Boalt.

•39. Asa W. Ruggles.

40. *Nathan Tanner.

41 . Seth Jennings.

42. David Cole.

43. Abraham Powers.

44. *Abioah Rundell.

45. John Boalt.

46. Jabez Neweomb.

47. Luke Keeler.

48. John Keeler.

49. Henry Lockwood.

50. Louis Keeler.

51 . 'Daniel Clark.

52. Seth Keeler.
.53. *Halsey Clark.
54. James Mead.

.55. Abijah Comstook.

56. Charles Taylor.

uber of electors

this election

Samuel B. Lewis
Martin Kellogg,
Lott Herrick,

Judges of Election.

Oil the reverse side of the half sheet of unruled
foohscaj) paper upon which the foregoing "Poll
Book " is written, an abstract and certificate of the
votes cast at that election are entered, as follows:

kamks of persons voted for. a.nd for what offices, containing the
nl-mber of votes for each person.

Governor—

Thomas Worthinginn, number of votes 2

Ethan A. Brown, number of votes .53

Representatives in the State Leoislatitie—

Senate— John Campbell, number of votes 49

Representative— Alfred Kelley. number of votes 49

•Lived in

then part of Norwalk .

Representative in Congress —

Peter Hitchcock, number of votes 6

John Sloane, number of votes 49

CovNTV Commissioners— /~

Erastus Smith, number of votes '. 5

Bildad Adams, number of votes 50

We hereby certify that Ethan A. Brown had fifty-three votes for Gov-
ernor, and Thomas Worthington had two votes for Governor: John
Campbell had forty-nine votes for Senator in the State Legislature;
Alfred Kelley had forty-nine votes for Representative in the State Legis-
lature; John Sloane had forty-nine votes for Representative in Con-
gress, and Peter Hitchcock had six votes for representative in Congress;
Bildad Adams had fifty votes for County Commissioner, and Erastus
Smith had five votes for County Commissioner.

Sami-el B. Lewis,
Attest: Martin Kellogg,

Rei-ben Pixlet. Lott Herrick,

Joseph Pearce. Judges of Election.

Clerk.<s.

POLL BOOK. APRIL 5, l82-i.

Poll-book of the election held in the township of Norwalk, in the
county of Huron, and State of Ohio, this fifth day of April, in the year
of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty -four. Piatt Bene-
dict, Eben Boalt and Asher Cole, judges: and John Tice and Abel
Tracy, clerks, were severally sworn, as the law directs, previous to-
their entering upon the duties of their respective offices.

Andrew Woods.
Ammi Keeler.
John Tice.
Hallet Gallup
Lucius Fay .
Erastus Fenney .
Richard Huyk
John G. Taylor.
Abimel Dodge.
Thomas Buchannan
John Dillingham .
Pickett Latimer.
Malavery Inman .
Samuel Preston.
JohnT. Hdton.
Asa Cole.
Henry Lockwood .
Frederick Forsythe.
Thomas Holmes.
Daniel Sani'iveslane
Daniel G. Raitt
Enos Gilbert.
Benjamin Junkins.

names of electors.
Cyrus Butler.
Matthew W. Junkins.
Perry G. Beckwith.
Piatt Benedict.
Isaac Herrick.
John White.
Edward Wheeler.
JohnHuyck.
James Wilson .
Luke Keeler.
Erastus Butler.
Henry Hurlbutt.
Samuel Henry.
Ebenezer Lane.
.A.lexander Dickson.
John La.ylin .
Henry Huyck.
Roswell Wells.
Oliver Day.
Epaphroditus Isham
Seldon Isham.
Zachariah Mai-vin.
Josiah Wells .

Joshua Drake.
Alvin Barton.
Abijah Comstock.
Ruluf Andrus.
Jabez Clark.
Ichalod Marshall.
David Gibbs.
Abel Tracy.
Eben Boalt.
Theodore Baker.
Ezekiel Wells
John Dounce.
Charles Laylin.
Har^-ey G . Morse .
Timothy Baker.
George Springsted.
Hanson Read.
Daniel Whitney.
John Keeler.
Asher Cole.
Benjamin Hoj-t.

hereby certified that the number of electors at

?N Tice,
EL Tracy,

Clerks

Platt Benedict.
Asher Cole,
Eben Boalt,

Judges of Election.

Enos Gilbert, was elected Justice of the Peace.

Samuel Preston, was elected Township Clerk.

Eben Boalt, Piatt Benedict and Asher Cole, were elected Trustees.

Timothy Baker, was elected Treasurer.

CENSUS OF 1819.

age of twenty-one yeai

Abbott, Ezra.
Ammerman, Simeon.
Ammidon, Daniel.
Arnold, Alfred.
Benedict, Piatt.
Beckwith, Perry. ^'
Beckwith, William. '
Boalt, Eben
Boalt. John .
Brunson, Hozeah.
Baily, Hyram.
Brownell, Abel . '•'
Betts, John
Cole, Levi.
Cole, Asher.

Gallup, Hallet.
Guthra, Eben."
Gurley, M.
Herrick, Ezra.»
Herrick, Ezra, Jr.-
Hurlbutt, Henry.
Hoskins. John. '
Hoskins, Carleton . '■'
Hagerman, Thomas."
Houk. Henry.
Herrick, Lott."
Inman, Matvara.
Isham, Epaphroditus.
Isham, Seldon.
Kellogg, Martin."

Potter, Thomas
Prentice. Oliver."
Pettet, Edward.
Raitt, Daniel G
Rundle. Abijah."
Reed, Hanson.
Reynolds. Job T."
Sutliff. Nathan."
Southgate, Robert S.'
Sypher, Peter."
Sypher, Peter, Jr."
Smith, John.
Strong. Silas G.
Sypher, Henry."
Stone, Joel.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Carpenter, John L. Keeler, Luke. Sanders, Stephen,

Com^tock, Abijah. Keeler, Ami. Soles, Charles.

Cherry, Henry.* Keeler. Lewis . Tice, Peter

Clark, Lester.'' Keeler, John. Taylor. Benjamin.''

Clark, Jabez. " Keeler, Setli. Terry. Henry."

Cole, David. Lockwood, George. Tanner, Nathan."

Clark. Holsey." Lockwood, Ralph. Underhill, Jasper.

Crawford, Joseph." Lockwood. Henry. Underhill, David.

Cole. Thomas. Laylin, John. Wheeler, Edward.

Cole, Asa. Las'lin. Charles. Wells, Ezekiel.

Carver, Aldrich. Lewis. Samuel B. Wells, Roswell.

Dickerson. Alexander. Loomis, Almau. Welch, .Tohn.

Demming. Jabez." Marshall, lohabod. Warren, Daniel W.»

Davis, Joshua. Myre^, Adam. White, John.

Forsy the. Frederick. McLin, John. Wilson, James.

Fay, Lucius. Neweomb, Jabez. Todd, Manning S.

Fay, Pollus, Nims, Slaham. Shaddock, Joseph.

Felt, Joshua Odwa}-, Nehemiah. Ru,?gles, Asa.

Gibbs, David. Pearce, Joseph. Rusco, Armon."

Gibbs, Samuel R. Pixley, Reuben." Southgate, Stewart.

Gilbert, Enos. Pixley, Reuben, Jr. '

Gallup. William. Powers, Abraham.

I do hereby certify the within to be a correct enumeration of the white
male inhabitants of the township of Norwalk, in the county of Huron, as
taken by me. Ebex Boalt, Lister.

XoRwALK, May 24, 1819.

This enumeration shows a total of 109

Lived in Bronson, attached to Norwalk 34

Total for Norwalk proper 75

CENSUS OF 1823.

The eiuxnieratioii of the white male inliabitants of
Norwalk above twentv-oue years of a^'e, in 18".33.

John Keeler — 1

Abijah Comstock 1

Nehemiah Odway 1

Ezekiel Wells ... 1

Roswell Wells 1

Seldon Isham 1

Epaphroditus Ishara 1

Samuel R. Gibbs 1

Daniel Stratton 1

Andrew Woods ... 1

Samuel B. Lewis 1

Henry Hurlbutt I

Eben Boalt 1

Henn,- Huyck. 2

John Dillingham 1

• Buck 1

Daniel Sowers 1

John Dounce 1

John Layland 1

Edward Wheeler 3

Joslah Wells 1

Asa Cole 2

James Wilson 1

Malvery Inman 1

Charles Laylin 1

John White 1

Hanson Reed i

Lemuel Raymond 1

Thomas Holmes : 1

Asher Cole 3

• Lucius Fay 1

The whole amount of the white male inhabitants of the
Norwalk is eighty. Attest by Luke Keeler

Peter Tice 2

Frederick Forsythe 3

Daniel G. Raitt 1

Edward Pettit 1

Harvey G. Morse 3

Cyrus Butler 1

Erastus Finney 1

EnosGilbert 1

Daniel Tilden i

Henry Buckingham . 1

Moses Kimball i

Piatt Benedict 1

Samuel Preston 2

Samuel Henry i

William Benton 1

Ichabod Marshall 8

Zachariah Marvin 1

Hallet Gallup 1

Theodore Bangs 1

Nathan B. Johnson i

Ebenezer Lane 1

Pickett Latimer 1

Timothy Baker 3

Luke Keeler 2

Lewis Keeler 1

David Gibbs i

Henry Lockivood 3

Thomas Buchannon I

Alfred Arnold. 1

John T. Hilton 1

nship c
Lister for the Township of Xorwalk.

It is to be regretted that the foregoing "eiiumera-
tiou" was not more explicit in naming the inhabi-
tants; nineteen person are counted without being
named. It is probable the list is imperfect. Wil-
liam Gallup, the head of a family, and within the
class called for by the enumeration, does not appear.
He did not belong iu any of the families containing
more than one person given above; the same is true of
Benjamin Taylor, James Williams and some others.

CENSUS OF 1837.

County Assessors returns of the white male inhabitants, above the
age of twenty-one years iu Huron county, agreeable to an act regulat-
ing the mode of taking the enumeration of the white male inhabitants
above the age of twenty-one years, passed January 10, 1S27

Levi Wilson.
Samuel R. Gibbs.
Oliver Day
Seldoa Isham.
David Sutton.
Epaphroditus Isham .
Roswell Wells.
Josiah Wells.
Ezekiel Wells.
Ezekiel Wells, Jr,
Lewis Keeler,
Jacob Tetter
Andrew Woods.
Thomas Philips.
Obadiah Jenney.
John V Buskark.
John V. Buskark, 2d
Richard Numsin.
Joseph Wilson.
ThaddeusB. Sturgis.
Thomas Adams.
Jacob Wilson.
H. G. Morse.
Aurelius Mason .
Benj. Carman.
Ebenezer Lane

NORWALK 131.

Ichabod Marshall.
Zachariah Marvin.
Benjamin F. Harman.
Daniel Tilden.
Moses Kimball.
Timothy Baker.
Theodore Baker.
Picket Latimer,
David Gibbs
Enos Gilbert
Augustus P. Tower.
Gilbert Brightman.
Samuel Preston.
JohnP. McArdle.
William F. Kitterage.
Daniel G. Raitt.
John G. Tailor.
Nelson Haughton.
Horace Howard.
Asahel W. Howe.
Isaac Wilson.
William Benton.
Samuel Henry.
James Springstead
Levereti Bradley.
John Tice.
Lewis Curtiss.
Joseph C. Curtiss.
Thomas Holmes.
James Wilson
Malavara Inman.
Thomas Buchannan .
John White.
Union White.
John W, Haughton.
Asa Cole

William Haughton.
Edward Wheeler.
Samuel Wheeler.
.John Laylin.
John Dounce.
John Dillingham.
Jesse C. Brayman
Henry Huyck.
Michael F. Cisco.
Seth Jennings.

Josiah Botsford.
Samuel Barnes.
Samuel Sherman .
Luke Keeler.
Ami Keeler
Jonathan Jennings.
Andrew Millburn.
Thomas Millburn.
Lucius Fay.
Asher Cole.
Levi Cole
Miner Cole.
Abel Brownell
John Keeler.
Dr. Joseph Pearce.
Abraham Powers.
Jacob Morton.
Piatt Benedict.
Jonas B . Benedict .

I. George Sheffield, Assessor of Huron County, certify that the fore-
going is a correct list of the white raale inhabitants above the age ot
twenty one years, taken by me agreeable to an act of the Legislature of
the State of Ohio, passed January 10, 182T.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and official signature
this 4th day of June, 1827. George Sheffield, A.sses3or.

The "poll-book" of an election held in Norwalk on
the 2d of April, 1827, shows that the following per-
sons voted at that election, whose names do not ap-
pear in the foregoing "enumeration:"

Matthew W. Junkins. ' ,
Frederick Forsyth.
Oliver Woodhouse.

Read.

Caleb Gallup.
Barnet Carkhuff.
AsaH- Beard.
Abraham Emmitt.
Ery Keeler
Henry Hurlbut.
John Miller.
Cyrus Butler.
William H. Hunter.
William W. Nugent.
JohnV. Vredenburgh.
Mathew Callaway.
Hallett Gallup.
James Williams, Esq.
Joseph Wilson, Jr.
Charles L. Curtis.
William Gallup.
John V. Sharp.
Henry Buckingham.
Henry Rider.
James Jlinshel.
Carlton B. Gane.
Lewis M . Howard.
John Ebert.Jr.
Jabez^A. B. Calkins.
Daniel Stratton.
Charles Laylin.
Perry G. Beckwith.
Samuel B. Lewis.
George Powers.
Nathan Parks.
Jonathan Brown.
Ruluf Andrus.
John T. Hilton.
Norwalk 131.

[The returns of other
towns omitted as not
connected with Norwalk
history ]

David Lawrence.
Sylvester Pomeroy.
Isaac M. Marvin.
Seth Keeler.

Stephen V. R. Bogert. Burrell Keeler.

Eben Boalt. David H. Sutton.

Alpheus Buchannan. William Miller.

Nelson Horton, John Huyck.

William Buck. Robert Morton.

NATHAN S. COMSTOI.'K.

At the time Nm-walk. Connecticut, wa,-; burned
(■July 11, 1707) by (Tcneral Tryon. iu tiic ■•Rcvolu-
tiouary War," Thomas Comstock, of New Canaan, ex-
tended .shelter, and such assi.stance as his means per-
mitted, to many of the Norwalk sufferers. Not having
the means of repaying his kindness, Simeon Raymond
and Gold Hoyt proposed to, and did release to him

120

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

any claims tliey might; have against the government
on account of their lot'ses. As a result, he afterwards
became the owner of a large tract of land in sections
two and three of Norwalk, Ohio.

1806. — In this year, his son, Nathan S. Comstock,
in company with several others, started on an explor-
ing expedition to "spy out the country" where their
new possessions lay. They spent some time in look-
ing over the country, but not being provided with
suitable maps or guides, were not certain they found
the particular land they were in search of.

1809.— Early in the spring of this year, Nathan en-
gaged the services of Darius Ferris and Elijah Hoyt
to accompany him on a second expedition to Norwalk
with the intention of making a permanent settlement.
They started witli a span of horses and wagon and
such tools as would be necessary in clearing and build-
ing. At Buffalo they found it impracticable to proceed
further with their wagon, so a small boat was pur-
chased, into which their goods were packed, with the
addition of a barrel of whisky. Two of them manned
the boat, and proceeded up the lake, keeping near
the shore, while the other took charge of the horses,
and traveled overland, keeping near the lake. In
this manner they reached the mouth of Huron river.

There were at that time quite a number of Indian
settlements along that river, the largest of which was
where the village of Milan now stands, and was called
Pequatting. They were Moravians, in charge of a
missionary named Frederick Drake, and had a mission
house. Being very friendly, they offered the new
comers the use of their mission house until a struc-
ture could be erected to shelter them. A site was
selected for the new house in section two, near a
spring, and in the immediate neighborhood of the
fine brick residence erected a few years ago by Philo
Comstock. Esq., and now occupied by John Ran-
dolph, Esq., in section three of Norwalk. After cut-
ting the logs, the few white men then in the country,
of whom F. W. Fowler, of Milan, was one, were
invited to assist in ])utting up the house.

This was the first house erected by white men, in
the township of Norwalk. of which any record can be
traced, and was, most probably, the pioneer house.
It was not covered by a mansard roof; the windows
were not set with crown-plate glass; the front door
was not of carved walnut, nor mahogany; the back
door did not exist; its floor was not covered with a
brussels carpet; there was no piano and no sewing
machine within its walls; upon the marble-topped
center table (which was not there) lay no daily morn-
ing paper containing the latest telegraph news and
the last time card of the Lake Sli<n-e i*c Michigan
Southern Rail Road, nor even that nf the Wheeling &
Lake Erie Railroad Comi)any. In fact, it was no
palatial residence, but rough and strong, and made
for service like the strong-willed, iron-handed men
whe l)uilt it. Its roof was nuide of "shakes;" its
walls (if rough logs; its floor was the face of mother-
earth, carjieted with the mo.'s of the growth of ages;

the bedsteads were "bunks" with poles for springs,
and their mattresses were sacks filled with leaves and
mosses; its cooking range was a brass kettle hung on
a pole supported by two crotched sticks driven into
the floor, and its chimney was a hole left open in the
roof. Rough, uncouth, homely, yet it was a home, —
the first home of Norwalk.

The house having been erected, they next com-
menced a clearing of about ten acres which they com-
pleted, in a manner, and sowed to wheat that fall.

Nathan was a genuine Yankee, and possessed of
the same fertility of genius that invented "wooden
nutmegs." The Indians had got a taste of his w^hisky,
and became frequent visitors; he improved the quan-
tity of it by the addition of three gallons of water to
each gallon of spirits, and the color and quality by
adding burned maple sugar and wild cherries. This
"doctored" compound he sold readily to the Indians
as "French brandy" at one dollar a quart. It would
be fortunate for the "red-nosed fraternity" of
the present generation if they indulged in no worse
brandy than was sold by Nathan S. Comstock in 1809.

^V^hile making their clearing, the three kept "bache-
lor's hall," and a common dish with them was pork
and beans. One morning they set their pot of beans
and pork over the fire, so as to have their dinner
ready cooked when they should come in at mid-day,
and then went to their work. When the sun marked
noon, they returned in time to see two or three
sneaking wolves disappear down a neighboring rapine,
and found their fire burned out, their dinner gone,
and the unlucky brass kettle much the worse from
having been used as a platter by several wolves instead
of one. It is probable those hungry men then in-
dulged in a few remarks, not complimentary to the
four-legged tramps.

The clearing having been made, and the wheat put
in, they returned to Connecticut. Nathan intended
to return the next spring with his family, and remain
a permanent settler, but his health had become so
poor in consequence of exposures and hardships ex-
perienced on his return in the fall of 1809, and his
wife being unwilling to risk the hardships and priva-
tions of a frontier life, he resigned his interest in the
west to his brother Abijah.

Nathan S. Comstock was the father of Philo Com-
stock, Esq., now living in Milan, Ohio, and grand-
father of E. A. Comstock, of this village, and Mrs.
John Randolph, of this township, and an uncle of
Giles, Stephen and Augusta Boalt, of this village.

AKl.IAH lOMSTOCK.

Abijah Comstock was born at New Canaan, Con-
necticut, September 2, 1T81, and in 1810 came to
Norwalk, and by arrangement Avith his father and
brother, Nathan S., took the interest of Nathan S.
in the Norwalk land, and becoming an actual resi-
dent. — in the house built by his brother the year
previous, — harvested the crop of wheat which had
been put in by Nathan and his two hn-ed men.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

In the latter part of 1810 or fore part of 1811, he
married Esther Iseft, sister of Hosmer Merry's wife,
at that time living at the place which became what is
now known as the "Old County Seat."

He brought with him from Connecticut two yoke
of oxen, a wagon and the supplies necessary for his
permanent sojourn, and was accompanied by a lad
named Alfred Arnold, who is yet living in Townsend
township, well advanced in years.

In 1812, his first child, Thomas, was born. When
the child was only a day or two old, Alfred Arnold,
who had been away on an errand through the woods,
met, on his return, an Indian named Omick,* who
stopped him and made very particular in([uiry as to
"How Comstock? How squaw? How pappoose?"
The fact of the Indian being aware of the birth of
the child, which had so recently occurred, surprised
young Arnold, but he was quickly cured of that sur-
prise by a greater one. The Indian seized him by
the hair of his head and said, "Arnold no be fraid,
Arnold good boy; Indian no scalp Arnold." He
then released his grasp and plunged into the woods.

Arnold was so impresse'd by the questions, manner
and actions of Omick, that he hastened home and
told Comstock that they must leave at once, or they
would be murdered. His warning was acted upon,
the oxen and wagon got ready, and the whole family
sought safety in flight toward the Vermillion river.
Soon after, their house was burned by the Indians,
probably by the same band that destroyed Benjamin
Newcomb's house.

While Norwalk was yet attached to, and part of,
the Township of Huron, Mr. Comstock was elected
a justice of the peace. And he was also elected and
served as the first county t)-easurer, but this position
proved unfortunate for him. He was of a generous
disposition, and could not refuse to grant a favor
asked by one who came to him in need, or in the
character of a friend, and locked upon all men as
honest and meaning just what they said. No sooner
had the taxes been collected and returned to him
than he was successfully beseiged by numerous appli-
cants for temporary loans of money, each and all
assuring him of their certainty of returning it to
him before he should be called upon to account for
it. The usual result in such cases followed, and he
found the time for settlement at hand, but no funds.
In this dilemma he hastened back to Connecticut,
mortgaged all his interest in the Norwalk lands to his
brother Nathan S., in exchange for money sufficient to
meet his deficit; returned to Huron county, and fully
paid up all his liabilities as treasurer, and from that

•Mr. Arnold's recollection is, that it was Omick, but in this he is
probably mistaken, for the incident related, is not likely to have occur-
red before the commencement of the war of 181'3, Congress passed
the act declaring tliat war en June isth, and it was proclaimed on the
next day. In .\pril, isi'2, Omick and another Indian, Semo, murdered
Michael Gibbs and a Mr. Bviel near -Ogontz Place" (now Sandusky
City), and were soon after arrested, when Semo blew his own brains out
with a gun, and Omick was taken to Cleveland, tried, convicted, and on
June i(i. 1812, executed.

time to his death, remained a comparatively poor
man, but always honorable and respected.

Tlie mortgage was never paid, and the property
eventually passed to Nathan, who, in 18-28, sent his
son Philo out to look after it, and so faithful has been
his stewardship that he has remained looking after it
to this day.

He died February 1, 1857, at the house of Stephen
Boalt, whose mother was a sister to Nathan and
Abijah.

HEXJAMIN XEWCOMB.

Benjamin Newconib was born in Durham, Connecti-
cut. He there married, and afterwards with his wife
and two sons, Samuel S. and Benjamin C, removed
to Kinsman, Trumbull county, Ohio. From there at
some time previous to the war of 1812, he removed
to Norwalk township, and located in the southwest
corner of section four on the farm now owned and
occupied by Miner Cole. He probably took the land
under a contract from Comfort S. Mygatt, but never
obtained a deed. His name appears on the tax dupli-
cate of personal property for 181.5, but not on the
real estate duplicate.

1815. — In the summer of this year, he transferred
whatever interest he had in the land to Josepli Pierce,
who afterwards, in 1816, sold it to Levi Cole who
obtained a deed from Mv'gatt.

1816. — On July ith, Mr. Newcomb was instantly
killed by the kick of a horse.

While residing in Norwalk, he had occasion to go
to Huron, and while there had an altercation with
an intoxicated Indian who took offence at something
Mr. Newcomb said or did. The Indian attacked him
with an axe, but Mr. Newcomb took the axe away
from him, and then knocked him down with his fist.
The next day the Indian on horseback passed Mr.
Newcomb near his house, and watching his oppor-
tunity, hit him a severe blow with a club. Mr. New-
comb sprang forward, seized tlie "red-skin" ))y one
foot, dragged him from his pony, and gave liim so
severe a beating that he was thought to be dead, and
was put in the fence corner, and the children covered
him up with sticks and leaves, but the next morning
he was gone.

Soon after Hull's surrender in August. 1812. John
Laylin. then of Berlin township, while on his way to
Greenfield to notify his uncle, Hanson Reed, of the
danger from the Indians, called in the night, and
gave the alarm to Newcomb that the Indians were
. coming, and they must at once iQjive the country.
Very hastily such things as were necessary for a long
tedious tramp through an almost trackless wilderness,
were packed up, and the family, consisting of father,
mother, two boys and an infant,. Mary,* less than two
years of age, started for the older settlements east.
By day-break, they reached tiie "old State road," and
at a place since called Purdy's Corners, met other

• Mary Newcomb married Philo Comstock February ."). 18-il,
died in September following; aged a little over twenty years.

VZi

HISTORY OF HUllON AM) ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

refugees from Huron. Together they kept ou to Ter-
milliou river, where a halt was made, and Mr. Xew-
conib returned to reconnoiter, and reached his phice,
two or three days after leaving it, in time to see, from
a safe cover, his house burned by the Indians, and he
supposed they must have been led there by the one
he had so severely punished some time before, as it
was the only house burned so far away from the lake.
After crossing the Vermillion river, they directed their
course to the "portage" of Cuyahoga river, from
there to Charlestown, and from there to Vernon, and
from there Mr. Neweomb entered the army as a
teamster. In preparing for flight, Mr. Newcomb hid
his log-chains and some other property in a hole he
dug in the ground, but upon his return after the
war, could not find where he had made his deposit,
and the articles have never been found.

Towards night of the next day after Newcomb and
family had left their house, several persons from the
township of Wheatsborough, now Lyme, fleeing from
the dreaded Indian incursion, reached the" deserted
house, and detei-mined to camp there over night.
They "hoppled" their horses by tieing their front feet
so near together that they could not step more than
about a foot at a time, and let them loose to feed;
then commenced to prepare their supper, which they
soon had ready, and were about commencing, to eat
when they were startled by the much dreaded and
unearthly Indian war-whoop. Stricken with horror,
they stood not upon the order of their going, but preci-
pitately sought safety in the darkness of the unbroken
forest; their horses, goods and tempting supper were
left behind; even their guns were abandoned, so com-
plete and bewildering was their surprise; life, or
torture and death hung upon the action of moments;
property, resistance, the means of protection were
unthought of, in the dire necessity for immediate
escape and shelter from the merciless foe who tortured
for pleasure, and murdered for revenge.

They all escaped successfully, and hour after hour,
all night long, hurried southward through the swamps,
thickets, and over the fallen logs of the trackless
wilderness; at day-break, they were near the south line
of the county, some of them so nearly exhausted that
they wanted to halt and rest, but others of the party
insisted the Indians could follow their track like a
pack of wolves, and so the weary, famishing flight,
kept on during the long, long hours of the day, until
the weaker ones were ready to fall out of line, abandon
the escai)e, and submit to their fate. But there were
warm hearts and strong hands in that party. A long
light pole was secured, each person took firm hold of
it, aud thus, the strong supporting the weak, the
weary march dragged ou, and did not stop until
Mansfield and safety were reached.

The day this party passed through the township of
Ridgefield on their Avay to Newcomb's house, Reuben
Pixlcy, Sr., then living in Ridgefield townshij), heard
in some way that there was no danger to be appre-
hended from the Indians, and started after the party

to induce them to return. On his way he met Seth
Brown who lived in the fourth section of Ridgefield,
and consented to accompany Pixley in search of the
refugees.

They arrived i>ear Newcomb's place, just as the
party were aljuut to commence eating their supper,
and thinking to have some sport, tried their ability to
counterfeit the hideous war-whoop of the savages.
The success of- their powers of imitation was greater
than they had anticipated, aud although they made
strenuous efforts to overtake the frightened people,
and explain their little joke, were totally unable to
do so. They remained at Newcomb's house that
night, fared sumptuously, and in the morning re-
turned with the abandoned projierty, and soon sent
word on to Mansfield explaining their miserable i)i-ac-
tical joke. This story was recently related to the
writer by Miner Cole, Esq., of this township, who
says he has heard it many times from the lips of
Reul)en Pixley, Sr., one of the practical jokers.

The Newcomb house, burned by the Indians in
1812, stood on the east side of the creek, close under
the hill, aud but a few rods from the town line
between Norwalk and Bronson. There are now
standing near its site a stately poplar and an old
descrepit apple tree planted there liy that early
settler nearly seventy years ago.

A military road or trail then existed upon the
town line, just south of his house, which Mr. New-
comb had assisted in opening, and it was while at
work on that road that he was attracted by the beauty
of that particular location which afterwards he settled
upon as related.

At the close of the war, he returned to his place,
aud erected another log house on the west side of the
creek, on a gravel bluff overlooking the valley. From
that bluff the gravel was taken that filters the water
used by the citizens of Norwalk from the water
works, and West Main street was graveled partly from
the same source.

Yesterday, May 2, 1879, the writer and his little
daughtei-, in company with Miner Cole, visited the
spot; the old house is gone; its site is marked ])y an
indentation where the cellar used to be, and the old
hearthstones yet remain in pl&ce. Standing upon
that memento of the first steps of civilization, and
looking forth in the bright sunlight of the balmy
May afternoon, over the beautiful valley at his feet,
upon which a flock of sheep and lambs were grazing,
busy fancies In-ought to him echoes of the scream of
the panther and howl of the wolf, followed by the
inging sound of the woodman's axe, and the voices
of children playing at the creek, then by screams and
shouts of terror-stricken fugitives, soon followed by
the dim vision of a stealthy band of half-naked, painted
savages, quickly made distinct in all their wild orgies
by the lurid light of a burning home: then another
sound broke in, gentle, sweet and pleading — "Papa,
please buy me a little baa-baa-lamb?"

The contrast was too great; the fancies took to

y/^l^

Among the pioneers of the Fire-Lands, whose long residence
and active labors have made them conspicuous, none occupy
a more prominent position, and deservedly so, than Ashbel G.
Post. Coming here at a time when the then infant settlement
was devoid of all those improvements that now add to the
convenience and comfort of the people ; when the present
county of Huron was almost without roads and bridges ; when
it required hard and persistent labor, toil, and care to make
the soil produce enough for the bare necessities of life, — he
has lived to witness all the various developments now existing,
and in his life and character has assisted in this great work of
progress.

Ashbel G. Post is the second child and only son of Ashbel
Post, the latter of whom was born in Old Saybrook, Conn.,
in the year 1767, and died in Huron Co., Ohio, Aug. 14,
1823.

His mother was Betsey Phelps, who died May 26, 1796, in
the nineteenth year of her age. Ashbel G. Post was born in
Greene Co., N. Y., May 20, 1796, and is consequently in the
eighty-third year of his age. His father and uncle. Col. Ezra
Post, were among the pioneers of Greene Co., N. Y. The
latter had been in the Kevohitionary war, and also held a
colonel's commission in the army during the war of 1812, and
was a mi'mber of the Legislature of the State of New York
during the palmy days of De Witt Clinton.

Ashbel Post was a man of a somewhat changeable disposi-
tion, but of great personal integrity. For seven years he was
master of a sailing vessel out of Boston. He subsequently
married again and settled on a small farm in Middlese.\ Co!,
Conn., and afterward was proprietor of a hotel in the village
of Cromwell. In 1821 he came to Ohio, and located between
six and seven hundred acres of land in Fitchville. He erected
a log cabin, and proceeded to make the necessary improve-
ments preparatory to moving his family, and had nearly com-
pleted his arrangements to go East for them when, on the 14th
of August, 182.3, he died. He left behind him a reputation
for industry and perseverance which, had he lived, would
have resulted in much happiness and comfort for his family

It was in July, 1823, that Ashbel G. Post first came West-
He was then a young man, ardent in his desire to succeed, and
willing to assume the arduous duties of the pioneer. After
visiting his father and looking around some, with the inten-
tion of coming out to settle, he returned East and soon received
the melancholy intelligence of his father's death. In Novem-
ber following he returned to the Fire- Lands, and obtaining his
share of his father's estate he went to work, paid ofi" the re-
maining incumbrance, and from that time all through his
active business life succeeded well. In 1830 he removed to
Berlin township (now Erie County), where he purchased four
hundred acres of land, of which he made the best farm in what
now constitutes the two counties of Huron and Erie, and for
several years he took the first premium for the most highly
cultivated, the best improved, and the neatest farm, thus de-
monstrating his ability as a good, practical farmer.

Mr. Post has been three times married. His first wife was
Tamia Palmer, with whom he was united Nov. 15, 1824.
She died April 1, 1836. They had five children, namely:
Sanford G., now resides in Nevada; Fanny P , married and
lives in Michigan ; Eleanor, married and resides in Vermil-
ion ; Wesley (deceased) ; William H., now resides at home.

For his second wife, Mr. Post married Ellen S. Parmenter,
who died March 28, 1855, leaving one daughter, Louisa P.,
who now resides in Wood Co., Ohio. They had also one son,
James A., who died young. For his third partner in life, Mr.
Post married Mrs. Fanny M. Piatt, of Connecticut, Sept. 24,
1855. In 1829, Mr. Post'was elected to the office of justice of
the peace, and re-elected in 1832. He is a Democrat in politics,
and in religion liberal.

In 1855, Mr. Post sold his six hundred acres in Erie County,
and after traveling and visiting his Eastern home, in 18.59, he
settled in his present residence in Norwalk.

The main characteristics of his long and eminently useful life
are his industrious habits, his indomitable energy, and his
uncompromising personal integrity. These good qualities he
will leave as a worthy example for future generations to fol-
low, and as an imperishable legacy to his children.

Residence of A.G. POST ,/Vo.77 WcsTpm St.,|^orwalic,0.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

1-^3

flight, else the writer to tliis hour might liuve stood
on tiiat ancient hearth, listening to echoes from the
remote past.

SAMUEL H. LEWIS

ISl-t. — Mr. Lewis was born in South Salem, West-
chester county, New York, in 1T90, and died at
Norwalk, July 14, If^TO, in the eighty-first year of
his age.

In 181-i, he purchased two hundred acres of land
about one and a half miles south of the present loca-
tion of the village of Norwalk, paying for it two dol-
lars per acre, and in the spring of that year came on
to make preparation for a jjermanent settlement. He
made some clearing, and put in a small piece of
wheat, then returning to New York.

1815.— On the fifteenth of February, 1815, he
started with his family, then consisting of his wife
and a little daughter, named Angeline, (who died at
Norwalk, September 1, 1817), for the new home in
the West. The journey was made in a covered wagon
drawn by a span of horses, and required forfy-i'i.i:
days to complete. They arrived at Norwalk, April
2, 1815, or rather, they arrived at their new home on
that day, for Norwalk was yet to be; only an " Indian
trail" marked the crest of the "sand ridge" where
Main street now is.

Soon after arriving w-ith his family, he sold the
land upon which he had commenced his improve-
ments the year before, to Hanson Reed, for five dol-
lars per acre, and purchased another tract of two
hundred acres, in section one, for one dollar and fifty
cents per acre.

During the summer and autumn of 1815, he built
a house on his new purchase, and in that house the
election for State officers, of October, 1818, was held.

In an article written By Mr. Lewis, and published
in the Fire-lands Pioneer, of June, 1858, and from
which most of the foregoing facts of his history have
been taken, he says:

"When I first came to Ohio, provisions of all
kinds were scarce, and prices high. Wheat was sold
at two dollars per bushel, also the first oats I sowed
cost me two dollars per bushel; I bought them of
Judge Meeker, on the lake shore, as I came into the
country; and at another time I paid him five dollars
for a common axe, and went tioelve miles for it; how-
ever, upon the cessation of the war of 1813, people
having turned their attention more to clearing their
lands, and to agriculture, when soon field was added
to field, and farm to farm, and, rich in their virgin
soil, they sent forth their luxuriant harvests until
plenty filled the land. Then produce fell to an
extremely low price; so low that the year previous to
the opening of the New York and Erie canal, the
most that I could get offered for a fine tjuality of
wheat, was twelve and a haJf cents 2)er hiisheU and
haul it a distance of six miles to market, which was
then at Milan."

In tliose early days, wild turkeys were very plenty.

and did great damage to wheat and corn crops. Mr.
Lewis relates that in 18-27, they were so numerous as
to endanger his wheat crop. He built a rail pen about
eleven feet square, with rails laid near together on
top. A trap-door was provided, and grain freely
scattered around and within the pen. The turkeys
came, entered the ti-ap, and his first catch was nine
fat birds, but one got away. Two or three days after-
wards, twelve more fell victims to the trap, and this
put an end to their depredations, for no otiiers came
around that season.

During the infancy of the settlement of Norwalk,
Mr. Lewis' house was always open, free of charge, to
the new comers, who sought his hospitality, and on
one occasion, from the frequency of such calls upon
him, his stock of breadstuffs ran very short. There
were no mills in the country, and no flour market
nearer than Mansfield, and no road practicable for a
wagon to that place; so he went there on horseback,
and constructing a rude rack to fit the back of his
horse, loaded a barrel of flour on that, and in that
manner transported it home.

On another occasion he was called back to the east,
and performed the whole journey from Norwalk to
Jersey City, on foot.

Mr. Lewis, with another pioneer, named William
Marshall, a surveyor, traveled over and surveyed
many of the lands in Huron county. These two
went days and sometimes weeks together through the
wilderness, camping out nights, while they were sur-
veying farms, and running out public roads.

He held at different times the office of justice of
the peace, township trustee, assessor, and lister.

The maiden name of his wife was Amy Ferris.
She was born at Newtown, Fairfield county, Con-
necticut, and until her death, in October, 185G, bore
her share of the privations of pioneer life cheerfully,
and with courage.

In those early days, they were surrounded by the
dense wilderness, the home of thousands of savage
men, bears, wolves and panthers.

On one occasion, when there was no one at home
but Mrs. Lewis and her little daughter, there came
on horseback to the house two Indian women, or
squaws, who wanted flour, which v;as kept in the
house up stairs. Mrs. Lewis went up, and was get-
ting the flour, when the two squaws followed, and
commenced impudently lifting the lids of boxes and
barrels, to see what they contained. Mrs. Lewis
shook her head at them, and they shook their heads at
her. When the floor was put up, they all descended,
and one of the squaws seized the little girl, then
nearly two years old. and the tAvo hastened to their
horses, mounted and galloped away with the child
before Mrs. Lewis fully realized what they were at.
But the mother's heart (juickly took the alarm, and
desperation nerved her to an almost superhuman
effort for the recovery of her little one. The route
taken by the sfiuaws would compel them, at the dis-
tance of about one mile, to pa.'s the house of another

124

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

settler,* but before that was leached, the mother was
so close after them, aud screaming so lustily, that
they dared not pass the settler's clearing, ahead of
them, with the child, for fear of being captured, so
the child was put down on the ground, the squaws
scampered off with all" the speed they could get out
of their ponies, and the mother returned home with
her child and a heart full of thankfulness.

DR. JOSEPH PIERCE.

1815. — Dr. Joseph Pierce came to Norwalk in 1815,
in comjjany with Major David Underbill, Timothy
Baker, Levi Cole and Horace Morse. That summer
be purchased of Benjamin Newcomb all the interest
held by the latter in lot number one of section four of
Norwalk, being the Newcomb place, now Miner Cole's
farm, and, in 1816, transferred his interest to Levi
Cole, but continued, with his sister Rhoda, to make
it his home with Mr. Cole for a number of years.
He was the first practicing physician in Norwalk
township, and the first postmaster, of which more
particular mention is made under the head of "First
Post Office." Dr. Pierce was from Herkimer county.
New York. He remained here until about 1825, and
then removed to New Ha\ en and remained for some
time, and then removed U> Indiana.

Levi Cole was born in Windom county, Connecti-
cut, November 20, 1T66, married November 25, 1790.
and died February 11, 1820, at Norwalk, Ohio. His
wife, Hannah Kinney, was born in AVindom county,
Connecticut, July 2-1, 1770, and died at Norwalk,
Ohio, February 27, 1840. They had seven sons, as
follows: Jeremy, born March 17, 17115; died July^
30, 1818; came to Ohio in 1815. Asher, born April
23, 1707; died November 4, 1830; came to Ohio in-
1816. James, born April 25, 1799; now living in
Norwalk township; came to Ohio in 1816. Levi,
born March 23, 1801; now living in Ridgefield town-
ship; came to Ohio in 1816. Miner, born July 26,
1803; now living in Norwalk township; came to Ohio
in 1816. Manly K., born February 11, 1807; now liv-
ing in Bronson township; came to Ohio in 1816.
Lyman, born March 10, 1810: died October 10, 1843;
came to Ohio in 1816.

In 1814, Mr. Cole was living in Herkimer county.
New York, aud, that year, in company with Major
David Underbill and Timothy Baker, came on to look
at lands held by Mr. Underbill in Ridgefield township.
He was pleased with the land and bargained for a
piece this side of the present farm of Sidney Brown,
aud then returned home.

In 1815, he came out again, accompanied by his
son Jeremy, Horace Morse, Dr. Joseph Pierce and
David Underbill, put up a house on the land, com-
menced a clearing, and otherwise prepared for bring-

♦Thls was probably Captain John Boalfs place, on the corner of what
i8 now Medina street, and the "Old State Road," where the sexton's
house stands, on the grounds of Woodlawn Cemetery.

iiig bis family out the next year. In the Fall, leaving
Jeremy to look after the place and continue the im-
provements, he returned liome again.

During this visit, and on the 16th day of July,
1815, he. Major Underbill and Dr. Joseph Pierce,
brushed out a "trail," or road, from Abijah Cum-
stock's place to the "Sand Ridge," as it was tiien
called (now Norwalk), and at night returned and
stayed at Comstock's until the next day, and then
started out and com])leted their work through to
UnderhilTs place on the 17th. Tliis was the first
highway labor ever done on Main street. It was not
done in pursuance of an ordinance, and no street com-
missioner "bossed " the job; perhaps that will account
for its rapid completion. They followed the old " In-
dian trail," which came out on to the ridge some-
where between Milan and Chatham streets.

In January of 1816, Mr, Cole and Major Under-
bill started with their families and such goods and
supplies as they might require in their new homes,
with six teams and sleighs, three to each family. The
party contained twenty iiersons, to-wit: Mr. and ilrs.
Cole and six of their boys, Mr. and iMrs. Underbill
and six children. Jasper Underbill (a nephew of the
Major), D.iniel Warren, :Marks Rosbeck, Rboda
Pierce, sister to .Tosejih Pierce, and a person l)y the
name of AVilcox,

After spending six weeks upon the road (five days
resting at Avery, the old county seat,) they reached
Major Underbill's on the 22d day of February, 1816.
The Huron river was then so high that Mr. Cole
could not cross with bis family and teams to bis own
house, so he took them to Dr, Pierce's house (the
Benjamin Newcomb jilace), and soon after purchased
that place, and remained there so long as he lived.

1818. — In this year Mr. Cole took a prominent part
in the movement which culminated in the removal of
the county seat to Norwalk, of w-hicb a more particu-
lar account is given in another 2)art of this history.

On the 9th of February, 1820, Mr. Cole was en-
gaged hauling a large saw-log, to which four yoke of
oxen were attached, by a chain, into Underbill's saw-
mill yard; finding it was likely to strike another log
which projected partly over the road, he attempted to
jump over the chain, and in doing so one of bis limlis
was caught between the logs, and so terril)ly crushed
that he died two days afterwards,

DAVID (ilBUS AND HEXKY LOrKWOOD.

David Gibbs and Henry Lockwood were natives of
Norwalk, Connecticut, and were brothers-in-law. Mrs.
Gibbs being Lockwood's sister.

In the summer of 1815, Mr. Gibbs, I\Ir. Lockwood,
his father, L. Lockwood, and Stephen Lockwood. left
Norwalk, Connecticut, to look up homes in Ohio.
After visiting and examining several places they at
last, after ten week's travel and prospecting, arrived
at Aliijab Comstock's place in Norwalk. Ohio, on the
16th day of July. 1815. There they met Major David
Underbill, Levi Cole and Dr. Joseph Pierce, wlio bad

HISTOEY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

125

been at work that day clearing out a road to the sand
ridge, on which Norwalk now is located.

After spending about a week in examining lands
belonging to L. Lockwood, in Norwalk township,
they selected a site for a home on the hill just south
of the first creek, on the section line road going north
from tlie present "Alliug's Corners," and on the east
side of that road. During the months of August,
September and part of October, they cleared off and
put into wheat about six acres of land, and put up a
large double log house.

There were then three families living in the town-
ship, those of Abijah Comstock, Benjamin Newcomb
and Samuel B. Lewis. Gibbs and the two Lockwoods
boarded at Comstock's while engaged in making their
improvements. Provisions were scarce. Salt was not
to be obtained, for there was then none in that part of
the country, and as a consequence the family and
boarders frequently were compelled to use meat tliat
was more odorous than palatable. Bread, milk and
potatoes was their only other reliance.

When the walls of the house were up ready for the
roof, they let to Benjamin Newcomb a contract for
its completion, and started back to Connecticut.

At this time, the sand ridge from Alling's or Gibb's
Corners to Major Underhill's place (the present Isaac
Underbill farm) was covered sparsely by oak trees,
forming what was called an "oak opening." Whor-
tleberry bushes and columl^o grew in abundance, the
root of the latter being used by the inhabitants as 'a
tonic in bilious diseases. The oak trees were of the
scrub variety, specimens of which may yet be seen
both in the east and west ends of the village.

On the 24th day of January, 1816, they left Nor-
walk, Connecticut, with their families, and arrived
at their new home in Norwalk, Ohio, on the 30th of
April, having been ninety-five days in making the
journey. The party consisted of Mr. and Mrs. Gibbs,
their daughter Eliza (now Mrs. Pruden Ailing, yet
living in Norwalk), then five years old; their son
David, three years old; Mr. Jlenry Lockwood, his
wife and their little child Henry; and Lewis Keeler,
who came along as a teamster in charge of the bag-
gage wagon, drawn by two yoke of oxen.

Mrs. Gibbs and Mrs. Lockwood, with their chil-
dren, were provided with a substantial wagon, covered
with oil-cloth, lined with blaukets, carpeted and pro-
vided with spring seats ; very comfortable and decent,
and drawn by a heavy span of bay horses. They were
well clothed, and provided with abundant blankets
and a foot stove. Their provision chest contained
cold chickens, hams, hard biscuit, pies, dough-nuts
by the bushel, tea, coffee, pickles, dried fruit, pre-
serves, and all the necessary etceteras, so they were
"well-to-do" in the world.

On the 20th of February, in crossing Cattaraugus
creek, west of Buffalo, on the ice, their baggage
wagon broke through near the west shore. One yoke
of oxen, a horse which they had purchased on the
way as a leader for the ox team, and many of their

house-keeping articles, were lost. In this dilemma
they were assisted by some friendly Indians, who, by
diving and fishing with poles, brought up most of
the lost articles, among them a box of log chains,
axes, plow-shares, kitchen ware, etc. They were paid
for their services thirty or forty dollars. They also
brought up the bodies of the two oxen, gave uji the
hides and shoes, but eagerly accepted the carcasses for
food. This mishap caused a halt of about a week,
during which little Henry Lockwood sickened and
died. Soon afterwards, at Fredonia, little David Gibbs
was taken severely ill, and after lingering twelve days
also died. The trouble was "camp dysentery," and
several others of the i)arty were also attacked, but all
recovered.

The expense of this enforced sojourn at Fredonia
was over five hundred dollars, provisions being scarce
and high, codfish fifty cents per pound, and other
things in proportion.

Their house was built double, with a hall through the
center open at both ends; the window sash were slats
fastened together, and set with greased paper instead
of glass; the doors were rough slabs split out of logs;
and the first table was a square one, with no leaves,
hewed out of a black-walnut log.

After the privation and sufferings and sorrows of
their long, exhausting march, this homely two-roomed
house seemed to these weary travelers a very palace
and haven of rest; and not only to them, but to
many who came after. At one time, for some days,
their families were increased to forty souls. Among
them were the families of Piatt Benedict, seven per-
sons; and Captain John Boalt, father of the late
Charles L. Boalt, thirteen persons, of whom nine were
down with the ague.

For all this numerous family Mrs. Gibbs did the
cooking, baking, etc., with rude and limited utensils
designed for less than one-fourth of that number;
whilst Mrs. Lockwood ministered to the sick with
means for their comfort equally limited. But they
had strength given them for the task, and were Ijlessed
and happy in their laliors of love. They were at one
time short of provisions, and had to send to Cleveland
for flour and pay twenty-five dollars per barrel, and
for pork about the same; the families in the mean-
time subsisting, for a week, on milk and jiotatoes
alone.

Mr. Lockwood remained in Norwalk only a few
years, and then removed to Milan. Mr. Gibbs was
elected the first justice of the peace in Norwalk town-
ship in April, 1817, and was appointed county clerk
in 182.5, and continued to hold that office until his
death, at Norwalk, March 16, 1840, aged fifty-one
years, nine months and twenty-four days. His wife,
Elizalieth L. Gibbs, died at Norwalk October 4, 1873,
aged eighty-two years, six months and eleven days.
They were the parents of ten children, viz: An in-
fant, died in Connecticut; David, died at Fredonia in
1816; a little daughter, died in 1832, aged one year,
seven months and twentv-two days; James B., died

120

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

August 3, 1850, aged twenty-eight years, two months
and thirteen days: Rali)h M., died August IC, 1854,
aged thirty years and sixteen days (of cholera); Mrs.
Eliza Ailing, now living at Xorwalk, the only sur-
vivor of 1816; David, now living at Le Mars, Iowa;
Roswell, now living at Troy, Miami county, Ohio;
Charles (Rev.), now living at Cedar Falls, Iowa; Mrs.
S. L. Adams, now living at Clarksfield, Huron county,
Ohio.

FIRST MARRIAGE.

In Vol. I. of Marriage Records of Huron County,
on page nine, appears the following entry:

William Gallup and Sally Boalt were joined in marriage on the ad day
of M.iy, 1S19. by DA^^D W. Hixman,

Justice Peace.

Upon a (."ireful examination of the record of mar-
riages, the foregoing is found to be the first one in
which the marriage was solemnized in the township,
between parties, both residents. And Heni-y Lock-
wood, Esq., in an article published in the Pioneer of
May, 1859, on page twenty-eight, says: "About the
marriages we are uncertain. Hallet and William Gal-
lu]) were among the first."

William Gallup was born at Kingston, Luzerne
county, Pennsylvania, in 1794, and, in 1816, in com-
pany with his brother Hallet, came to Ohio, but not
to Norwalk until 1818. He built the old frame block
of stores now occupied by Link's grocery, James
Seeley's shoe store, and the Casper Brothers. It was
one of the first ventures in the new village to provide
business rooms for renting. The second stoi'y was
used by him as a cabinet shop and furniture ware-
room. He was the contractor who built the "Old
Court House," now Central Hotel, on Whittlesey
avenue. He died at Tiffin, Ohio, January 15, 1858.

Sally Boalt was born in Norwalk, Connecticut, and
came to Norwalk, Ohio, with her father's family, in
1817. She was a sister of Charles L. Boalt and
daughter of Captain John Boalt, who made his first
settlement in this townshiji upon the present ceme-
tery property. And there in their new double log
house she was married.

Her death occurred at Osborn, Greene county, Ohio,
January 26, 1871. Her husband's remains were then
taken from Tiffin, and, with hers, brought to Nor-
walk, and, side by side, laid away to rest within
about twenty rods of the site of the log house where
they were married.

KIliST BIHTH.

Soon after Hull's surrender at Detroit in August of
1812, Thomas, son of Abijah Comstock, was born on
section two of Norwalk. When he was cmly a few
days old, his parents liad to flee from their home to
escape the Indians, which they did just in time, tak-
ing him and their other valuables with them, for the
night after their departure their house was burned.
This was the first white child liorn in NorAvalk,
and that pioneer is yet living, a resident of Hidgeville,
Loniin county, Ohio.

FIRST DEATH.

In all the researches made by the writer after data
from which to compile the history of Norwalk, the
first death of which he has found" any record, was that
of Angeline Lewis. She was the daughter of Samuel
B. and Amy Lewis; born at South Salem, Westchester
county, New York, probably in the fall of 181-1; was
brought by her parents to Norwalk in the spring of
1815, and died September 1, 1817. She was probably
the child stolen by two squaws, and rescued by her
mother, of which an account is given in the history of
Samuel B. Lewis.

THE FIRST SAW AND GKIST MILL.

In the spring or summer of 1815, Hanson Reed,
then living in Greenfield, purchased of Samuel B.
Lewis, the place upon which Mr. Lewis had erected a
house the previous year.

He soon moved in with his family, and in 1816 or
1817, commenced building a saw mill on the creek
which runs through the present L. B. Mesnard and
S. J. Rogers farms, on the north side of the Fairfield
road, and a few rods to the west of the stone bridge
over that creek. In erecting this mill, he was assisted
by his father-in-law, Mr. Abraham Powers, Soon
after its completion, it was destroyed by fire. The
two men then made a worksho]) of the house, and
commenced work on the machinery of another mill,
and in about five weeks had it completed, running
and doing a good business, but when the fall rains
came on, a freshet swept away tlieir dam. They
were now without funds, all having been put into
building and re-bnilding, but were not discouraged;
the dam was soon replaced, and then they began to
plan for a grist mill attachment to the saw mill, and
carried their plans into execution in a year or two
afterwards.

These were the first mills erected in the township.
The old frame was taken down several years ago, but
the old dam is destined to remain, perhaps, for cen-
turies, for it forms part of the road embankment
across the ravine.

lUKDER OF W(

;D BISHOP.

Early in Ajnil, 1819, John Wood, a married man,
keeping tavern at Venice, (ieorge Bishop, a sin-
gle man, by occupation a sailor, living in Danbury,
Abiather Shirley, and Barnabus Meeker, organized a
hunting and trapping expedition to the " Peninsula,"
now part of Ottawa county.

They made their camp in a little cabin near the
bank of the Portage, then called •'Carrying River,"
about twelve miles from its mouth. About the mid-
dle of April, Meeker and Shirley left the camp, and
returned to their homes, Wood and Bishop still re-
maining to prosecute their enterprise. Being well
supplied with traps, ammunition, and camp equip-
inige, and being expert in hunting and trapping, they
were (piite successful, and had accumulated quite a

CHARLES B. STICKNEY.

The subject of this sketch was born at Moira, Franklin
Co., N. Y., Jan. 20, 1810. He was the oldest of twelve
children, six sons and six daughters, of Charles and Betsey
Stickney.

His father, Capt. Charles Stickney, was born at Corn-
wall, Addison Co., Vt., May 17, 1785, and his mother,
whose maiden name was Pierce, at New Salem, Franklin
Co., Mass., April 11, 1790. They were married in the town
of Dickinson, Franklin Co., N. Y., April 11, 1809. Both
are now dead. They were of English descent. His father's
earliest ancestor in America was William Stickney, who
came to this country, in 1637, from Hull, Yorkshire, Eng-
land, and settled with his family at Rowley, Mass. From
him it is believed that all bearing the name of Stickney
in America are descended.

Mr. Stickney's early years were required by his father on
his farm, where he remained until his twenty-first year,
engaged in hard work, and receiving only a district-school
education, when he was
given his time, $5.50 in
money, and the blessing of
his kind parents, with which
he started forth to seek his
fortune.

He entered the academy
at Potsdam, St. Lawrence
Co., N. Y., then in charge
of Rev. Asa Brainard,
where he remained nearly
four years, supporting him-
self in the mean time by
teaching school winters.

His health having be-
come impaired from close
application, he reluctantly
left the academy and came
to Ohio. He reached Ash-
tabula County, where he
was taken sick at the house
of his maternal uncle, Jesse
Pierce, in the town of Say-
brook, his sickness contin-
uing for nearly six months.

Recovering his health
somewhat, he adopted the

teaching of penmanship as ^^ \

a means of livelihood, and ^

taught in different places ''^i,-

in Western Pennsylvania,
Virginia, and Southern
Ohio.

In the year 1841 he visited his brother, Hon. E. T.
Stickney, at Scipio, Seneca Co., Ohio, and, meeting with
a former fellow-student of Potsdam Academy, the late
Jairus Kennan, Esq., who was then practicing law at
Norwalk, he was induced to enter his ofiice, and commence
the study of law. He arrived at Norwalk, Nov. 13, 18-H,
and pursued his studies with Mr. Kennan. Was admitted
to the Bar Aug. 1, 1841, and subsequently to practice in
the Federal Courts, at Cleveland, April 12, 1860.

During his term of study he was associated with the
late Ezra M. Stone in the preparation of a large number of
cases in bankruptcy, under the then existing bankrupt law
of the United States.

After he commenced practice he was several times a can-
didate for prosecuting attorney, always running ahead of
his ticket, but not being able to overcome the party odds
against him.

The new constitution of Ohio created the Court of Pro-
bate, and upon its going into operation, in 1851, Mr.

Stickney was nominated on the Democratic ticket for the
new ofiice of judge of said court, and was elected over his
competitor, Hon. F. Wickham, by thirty-one majority,
having run ahead of his ticket about five hundred votes.
He performed the duties of his oflBce faithfully and satis-
factorily to all for the term of three years, and was again
nominated in 1854. The newly-formed Republican and
Know-Nothing p.'irties swept the field, the general majority
of the party in Huron County being about sixteen hundred,
but the majority for his competitor, Hon. P. Sears, was cut
down to about eight hundred.

He has served several terms as a member of the com-
mon council, and in April, 1874, was elected mayor of
Norwalk, and served two years, being an acceptable and
popular oflicer.

He was for several years school examiner for Huron
County, and a member of the Board of Education of the
Union School for four years, during which time he was
clerk of the Board. He
has at all times taken a
deep interest in educational
matters. He is also a
member of the Whittlesey
Academy of Arts and Sci-
ences, of which he has been
president.

He became a member, by
initiation, April 30, 1845,
of Huron Lodge, No. 37,
I. 0. 0. F., and has been a
prominent and respected
member of the order, hold-
ing many of its important
ofiBces.

On Feb. 20, 1856, he
was elected Most Worthy
Grand Master of the Grand
Lodge of Ohio, serving one
term with distinguished
ability. For his fixithful
and efiieient services in
this ofiice he received
from the Grand Lodge
its beautiful and costly
medal.

In 1858, Judge Stickney
was appointed assistant ad-
jutant-general, with the
rank of lieutenant-colonel,
on the stafi' of Maj.-Gen.
James A Jones, 17th Division Ohio Volunteer Militia, and
was commissioned by Gov. Chase. He also acted as in-
spector-general of division.

Judge Stickney, on coming to Norwalk, became a boarder
at the Mansion House, then kept by Obadiah Jenney, Esq.,
and, to the surprise of all, has remained unmarried, and
a constant boarder at one hotel, now over thirty-seven
years.

Though not a communicant he has long been an attend-
ant at St. Paul's Episcopal Church at Norwalk, and has
served several years as vestryman and clerk of the vestry,
yet charitable and liberal in his religious views toward all
church organizations.

Judge Stickney has always had an extensive law practice,
and been especially successful as a collection lawyer, and, in
the settlement of estates and matters of guardianship, he
has been, through his professional life, regarded as an
upright man. He is a gentleman of taste and culture, kind
and benevolent, esteemed by all who know him, and is an
eminently popular member of society.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

127

stock of skins of the fur-bearing animals, then numer-
ous in that wild, unsettled region.

At that time there was a camp of Ottawa Indians
on the bank of the " Miami of the Lakes," (now Mau-
mee River). About the middle of April, three mem-
liers of that tribe, named Negosheek, (Ne-go-sheek),
Negoneba, (Ne-gon-e-ba), and Negossum, (Ne-gos-
sum), the last a boy of about seventeen j-ears of age,
started on an expedition to the mouth of the Portage
river, and while passing down the river in their
canoes, discovered the trapper's camp, and, no doubt,
with their usual cunning, became fulh- posted as to
its valuable contents. Thej- stayed around the mouth
of the river a daj' or two, "loafing," and the two old-
estdrinking whisky, the boy doing what he could to
prevent their getting drunk. On their return up the
river, Negosheek jjlotted the murder of Wood and
Bishop, and the plunder of their camp. Negoneba
consented and agreed to assist; the boy, Negossum,
remaining passive from fear of Negosheek, who was
a ''bad Indian" when drunk. On the morning of
Wednesda}', April 21, about two hours before daylight,
they reached the cabin of the trappers, and, stealthily
approaching, Negosheek and Negoneba drew aside
the blanket which hung as a curtain over the door-
way, entered, and finding the trappers asleep, each
singled out liis victim, and with their ever present
tomahawks, quickly sent the two white men to a hap-
pier hunting ground. Then calling in Negossum,
the boy, who had remained outside, Negosheek com-
pelled him to strike the legs of one of the dead men
with the handle of his tomahawk, so that he should
feel that he too was a party to the crime, and from
fear of the consequences as to himself, keep it a
secret.

They now plundered the camp of its contents, con-
sisting of a gun, tea-kettle, spider, some tlour, a
blanket, tow-shirt, a handkerchief, two powder horns
and powder, nine traps, three dozen muskrat skins,
some pork, and from one of the men three dollars in
silver money. They hid the kettle, spider, flour,
traps and gun on the west side of a small stream
called Crane Creek, and selling the skins to a French
trader, named Guy. who was stationed a few miles
away, then immediately started for their camp on the
Maumee.

The testimony taken at the subsequent trial siiows
that they soon very indiscreetly divulged their secret
to a half-breed Indian, named Chazee, (Cha-zee),
who on going down the river, found the murdered
men still lying in their cabin where slain. He went
on to the mouth of the river, and informed one
Charles C. Tupper, a constable, of the facts, who at
once obtained a warrant from Truman Pettibone, a
justice of the peace for Danbury township.

Armed with this warrant, and accompanied by An-
son Gray, Peter Mauminin, (and perhaps others,
though it is not possible at this distant day to ascer-
tain whom, or how many), he at once went to the
camp of the Ottawas, on the Maumee, and made

known his errand to a friendly Indian, named Sac-e-
saw, who at once pointed out the three implicated
Indians, and they were promptly arrested, the chief
informed of the charge against them, and the long
and tedious return march commenced.

On April 30, Tupper returned the warrant to the
justice, with the three prisoners, and an examination
was at once held, the result of which was the holding
of the accused for trial in the court of common
pleas. At that examination John B. Flammond,
a French trader, acted as interpreter.

Negossum, the boy, was first examined, and con-
fessed that he was present with the others when they
committed the murder, but j^i'otested his innocence.
Negoneba was next examined, and confessed that he
wiis one of the men who committed the murder on
Portage river nine nights before; claiming that Ne-
gossum, the boy, struck one of the men they were
murdering, with the handle of his hatchet; and that
Negosheek first plotted the murder, and struck the
first blow. He also confessed the taking and secret-
ing the property, and the sale of some of it. Nego-
sheek was next examined, and confessed the crime.
He said when sober he had no idea of committing the
murder, but on getting drunk, he plotted the attack,
and assisted in executing it.

The prisoners were then shackled, and in charge of
Tupper and his assistants, started for the county seat,
Norwalk.

The party crossed Sandusky Bay on a ferry, kept
by a man named Luther Chapin, at ''Ogontz Place>"
now Sandusky City. They stayed from the evening
of April 30th to May 3d, at an inn kept by Cyrus
W. Marsh. Their bill of fare, afterwai'ds allowed
by the county commissioners, and now on file in the
auditor's office, is as follows:

Voucher 577.
ism. Huron County, Dr. to C. W. Marsh. •

By Mr. Tupper.
April 30. To 1 pt. wy and seven suppers tor Indians on guard . . .S3 87^

To 1 pt. of whisky 25

To 3 suppers for the prisoners 1 12

May 1. To .51^ pts. of w'y fioj^

To 7 breakfasts for the Indians 2 63i4

To 3 breakfasts and 2 suppers for himself 1 50

3, To 414 pts. w'y and I lodging (i2^<;

To 31^ days' board for 2 prisoners .3 50

To 1 day's board for 1 i^risoner 50

3. To breakfast for 3 Indians I Vi]4

To 31^ pts. Wy and 1 lodging 50

To 1 day'? board for Tupper "5

Tupper. SI5 .tO

May 17. To entertainment on his return with the prisoner 1 Siy

Capt. Burt's bill, by Tupjier's orders . . sri^

AVhile at Sandusky oiu' of the Indians was taken
back to the scene of the murder, in ordfr to point out
the precise locality of the liidden prii]H'rty, wiiich he
did, and nearly all was recovered.

On arriving at Norwalk, there l)eing no jail tlieii.
they were all confined in a log cabin owned by Daniel
G. Raitt, which tlien stood on the lot the ''Newman
block " now stands on (nortliwest corner of Main and
Hester streets), and a few rods back from Main street.

128

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

In this cabin they were kept, with tlie sliackles on,
under the guard of Daniel G. Raitt, Charles Sonles,
Charles C. Tnpper, J. 0. Thayer, Calvin Bates, and
perhaps others whose names are now lost to history.
These guards wefe not all on duty at the same time,
but served at different times as a relief to each other.

After. being in confinement a short time the Indians
planned an escape, and Negoneba and Xego^^suin .suc-
ceeded in removing tlieir shackles, hiding tlu-m liehind
a log, and by keeping covered up with their blankets
and feigning sleep escaped the suspicion of the guards.
Eaitt was on guard the night of their escape, but at
midnight was relieved by Soules. Not long afterward
Negosheek asked him to remove his shackles and
accompany him outside the building a few steps.
Soules removed the shackles from one leg, leaving it
fast to the other, and, supposing tlie two others sound
asleep, left the door open as they went out; very soon
after he saw the two Indians running away, and at
once realized that he had been made the victim of
misplaced confidence; he called to them, and also to
Eaitt, for the purpose of arousing him, and as he did
so Negosheek jumped up and started to run. Soules
had his rifle witli him and, as he gave chase, fired at
the retreating savage, and before losing sight of him
loaded and fired twice more. Satisfied that he had
wounded the fellow, and all having escaped, lie re-
turned to town.

On the 15th of April, John Hawk, a young man,
while out hunting along Pipe creek, near the west
boundary of the county, discovered Negosheek in a
swamp along the border of the creek, hunting for
"craw-fish" (the river lobster or crab), upon which,
with roots, he had lived since escaping. The shackle,
which was fast to one leg when he ran away, had
stuck to him like a brother, though rather an incon-
venient appendage in his case. After watching him
for a short time. Hawk became satisfied that the
Indian was suffering from wounds, and concluded to
investigate his discovery more closely, and upon ap-
proaching nearer saw the shackles which the Indian
vainly tried to conceal; he then captured the fellow
and took him to an old hunter named John Pum-
plirey, who brought him back to Norwalk. Pumphrey
afterward, on behalf of Hawk and himself, filed a
claim for the reward of one hundred 'and twenty-five
dollars which the sheriff had offered for the recapture
of the three Indians, of which claim the commis-
sioners allowed twenty-five dollars.

Dr. Daniel Tilden was called in to attend to tlie
wounded prisoner, and examination develojied the
fact that Soule was good ;it a niniiing .■^lint, for tliere
was one wound in the .-ilKnililer, one in the hip. and
one in the leg.

Raitt undertook the position of nurse to the
wounded and half-famished ])risoner, and" tui-ned him
over fully healed before he was hung. From that day
to his death Raitt bore the pre-fix of " Doc."

Soon after the cscaiie of tlip Indians. ('a])taiu John
Boait, tlic father of \hv latc> ('. L. I'.oalt. ('iiptain

Heniy Hurt, nf Monroeville, and the Frenchman,
John H. Flainniond, started for the Ottawa camp on
the Maumee river, with the expectation of finding
and re-capturing the fugitives; they arranged among
themselves that Captain Burt, who was dressed in
"regimentals" (military uniform), should be presented
to the Ottawa chief as the governor of Ohio, and that
as such he should demand the surrender of the mur-
derers. The plan proved a success, and Negoneba
was immediately delivered up to them, searched, de-
prived of his weapons, his hands bound behind him,
and with a rope fastened around his body as a leading
string, placed in charge of Captain Burt and a guard
of friendly Indians, and conducted to Norwalk.
The chief insisted that Negossum, the boy, was inno-
cent, but upon being assured if that were true, he
would not be injured, promised to send him on to
Norwalk in a few days. Captain Boalt and Flam-
mond remained to see that the promise should be ful-
filled; it was, to the letter, and in due time they re-
turned the boy to the custody of the .sheriff at Nor-
walk.

Captain Burt, with his prisoner and Indian guards,
made their way directly for the shore of Lake Erie,
The first night they camped in the woods; it was wet
and uncomfortable; Burt wanted a fire; upon being
promised a quart of whisky, one of the guards
gathered some dry leaves upon which he emptied some
powder from his horn, and bending over the pile,
struck sparks of fire into it with flint and steel; an
explosion followed, and the Indian, taken by surprise,
jumped high in the air, but the fire was started, and
the whisky was forgotten by the faithless "pale-face,"
He, however, was reminded of the promise the next
day, by the Indian performing in pantomime what he
had acted in earnest the night before; the whisky
was delivered, and faith was kept.

At the lake shore the Indian guards turned back,
and Burt leading his prisoner by the roi)e, proceeded
on his journey. Once Negoneba thought his chance
had come to escape, and with a sudden spring, made
a bold and desperate strike for liberty, but Burt, who
was a large, muscular man, in the prime of life, gave
him some vigorous jerks with the rope; and then
seizing him by the shoulders, shook him so severely
as to effectually quell all thoughts of further resist-
ance.

They arrived at Marsh's tavern on the ITthof May,
and from there Tupper accompanied them to Nor-
walk. Here Negoneba was again searched, and a
knife, probably given him by his squaw just before
the commencement of the journey, was found se-
creted on his person. Had Burt been less watchful
and determined, he probably would have followed
Wood and Bishop to the happy hunting ground, on
a free pass from the hand of this desperate savage.

On Tuesday, the ISth of May, 1819, the court of
common pleas commenced its session in the old
court house, wliich then stood where the present court

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES,. OHIO.

to the east side of "Enterprise Road," afterwards
"Mechanic street," now "Whittlesey avenue," and
is the "Central Hotel" building, kept by A. H.
Rose.

Hon. George Tod, father of Ex-governor Tod, was
presiding judge; Hons. Jubez Wright, Stephen
Meeker and Ezra Sprague were the associate judges.
The late James Williams, of Norwalk, was clerk;
L3'nian Farwell, then of Norwalk, since for many
years of Watertown, New York, sheriff; Ebenezer
Lane, then of Norwalk, and for many years since
chief justice of Ohio, was prosecuting attorney, and
was assisted by Peter Hitchcock, of Cleveland, after-
ward for many years a judge of the supreme court
of Ohio.

The indictment returned by the grand jury against
these Indians charges the crime to have been com-
mitted "at Lower Sandusky, in the said county of
Huron." It will be seen by reference to Chase's
Statutes, vol.' 3, page 2,110, that Huron county was
set off, February 7th. 1S09, as the five western-most
ranges of the Coniiecticut AVestern Reserve; being
that part called the Fire-lands: By act of January
31st, 1815 (Chase's Statutes, vol. 3, page 2,120), a
portion of the unorganized territory west of the
Reserve and north of its south line, reaching about as
far west as the present western boundaries of San-
dusky and Ottawa counties, was attached to Huron
county for judicial purposes; Lower Snndusky was
within this attached territory.

A copy of the indictment found against the three
parties charged, taken from the first volume of "Law
Records " of Huron county court of common pleas,
is as follows:

Pleas before the honorable, the president, and judges of the court of
common pleas, holden at Norwalk, in and for the county of Huron
and State of Ohio, in the term of Jlay, A.D., 1819.

NO. 6— MAY TERM, A.T>.. 1819.

Negossum
State of Ohio, County of Huron.

At a court of common pleas begun and holden at the court house in
Norwalk, within and for the county of Huron, on the eighteenth day of
May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and nineteen,
before the honorable George Tod. president, and Jabez Wright, Stephen
Meeker and Ezra Sprague, Esqs., associate judges holding said court.
The grand jurors of the State of Oliio, in and for said county of Huron,
to-wit: Henry Jeffry, Tinker R. Smith, Isaac Powers, Elihu Clary, John
Drewry, Augustus R. Demick, Daniel Curti-, Ezekiel Barnes, James
Forraan, Charles Hubbell, Reuben Pixley, Heni-y Barney, Silas G. Strong,
William Gallup and Eli HoUiday, good and lawful men of said county,
then and there duly returned, tried, impanneled, charged and sworn to
inquire for the body of the county of Huron, do, upon their oaths in the
name and by the authority of the State of Ohio, present and find that
Negosheek, an Indian of the tribe Ottiums, Negoneby, an Indian of the
said tribe, and Negossum, an Indian of the same tribe, at Lower San-
dusky, in the said county of Huron, on the twenty-first day of April, in
the year one thousand eight hundred and nineteen, not having the fear
of God before their eyes, but moved and seduced by the instigation of
the devil, with force and arms in and upon the body of John Wood, in
the peace of God and the State of Ohio, then and there being feloniously,
unlawfully, willfully, purposely and "f il.-IihejatH and premeditated
malice, did make an assault: and the snid X.-gnsh.-t-k. with a tomehawk

in his right hand then and there held, of th.- vali f imt- dollar, the said

John Wood, in and upon the head of him the said Wood, behind the left
17

ear of him the said Wood, and also in and upon the left side of the head
over Che left shoulder of him the said Wood, then and there feloniously,
unlawfully, willfully, purposely and of his deliberate and premeditated
malice, did strike, cut and penetrate, then and there giving to him the
said John Wood, wilh the tomehawk aforesaid, in and upon the head
behind the left ear of him the said John Wood, and also in and upon the
left side of the head and over the left shoulder of him the said John
Wood, two mortal wounds, each of the breadth of three inches and of
the depth of three inches, of which said mortal wounds the said John
Wood then and there instantly died; and the said Negoneby and tlie
said Negossum, at the time of the committing the said felony and mur-
der by the said Negosheek in the manner and form af.jresaid, unlaw-
fully, feloniously, willfully, purposely and of their delibei-ate and pre-
meditated malice, were present aiding, assisting, abetting, counselling,
procuring, helping, comforting and maintaining the said Negosheek the
felony and murder aforesaid in manner and form aforesaid to do, com-
mit and perpetrate: and so the jurors aforesaid, upon their oaths afore-
said, do further say that the said Negosheek and the said Negoneby
and the said Negossum, him, the said John Wood, then and there, in
manner and form aforesa d, feloniously, un'awfully, willfully, pur-
posely and of their deliberate aud piemediiated malice, did kill and
murder, contrary to the form of the statute, in sudi case made and pro-
vided, and against the peace and dignity of the State of Ohio.

And the jurors aforesaid, at the tei m aforesaid, and on their oath
aforesaid, in the name and by the authoiity'aforesaid, do further pre-
sent and find that the said Negotheek, the said Negoneby. and the said
Negossum, at Lower Sandusky aforesaid,ron the twenty-flist day of
April, aforesaid, not having the fear of God before their eyes, but
moved and seduced by the instigation of the devil, with force and arms
in and upon the body of George Bishop, in the peace of God and of the
State of Ohio, then and there being feloniously, unlawfully, willfully,
purposely, and of their deliberate and premeditated malice, did make
an assault, and that the said Negoneby, with a certain tomehawk, of
the value of one dollar, in his, the said Negoneby 's right hand, then and
there hit the said George Bishop in and upon the head of him, the said
George Bishop, and also in and upon the breast of him, the said
George Bishop, then and there unlawfully, felonious^ly, wilfully, pur-
posely, and of his deliberate and premeditated malice, did strike, cut,
and penetrate: giving to the said George Bishop, then and there with
the tomehawk aforesaid, in and upon the head of the said Geoige
Bishop six mortal wounds, of the breadth of three inches, and the depth
of three inches each, and also giving to him, the said George Bishop,
then and there, with the tomehawk aforesaid, in and upon the breast of
the said George Bishop two other mortal wounds, each of the breadth
of three inches, and of the depth oi six inches: of which mortal wounds
the said George Bishop then and there instantly died. And that the
said Negosheek, and the said Negossum, at the time of committing the
last mentioned felony and murder aforesaid, by the said Negoneby, in
manner and form aforesaid, unlawfully, feloniously, wilfully, purposely
and of their deliberate and premeditated malice, were present, aiding,
abetting, counselling and procuring, helping, assisting, comforting and
maintaining the said Negoneby the felony and nuirder last mentioned
aforesaid, in manner and formaforesaid, to do, commit, and perpetrate;
and so the jurors aforesaid, upon their oaths aforesaid, do further say
that the said Negosheek, and the said Negoneby, and the said Negossum,
him, the said George Bishop, then and there, in manner and form
aforesaid, feloniously, unlawfully, wilfully, purposely, and of their de-
liberate and premeditated malice, did kill and murder, contraryito the
form of the statute, in such case made and provided, and against the
peace and dignity of the State of Ohio.

E. Lane, Pn

ittomey.

I'pon tiie back of which indictment appears the
following, to wit:

"A true bill. Filed May term, 1819. " „ „ „

Silas G. Strong, Foreman.

The trial took place on Friday. May 21st. The
court-room was crowded to its fullest capacity, and
many who could not gain access were congregated in
the front vanl. David Abbott, of Avery (tlie old
county seat), and Samuel Cowles, of Cleveland,
appeared as attorneys for the Indians.

On being arraigned and the indictment re;id and
interpreted to them, each plead "not guilty," and
demanded Separate trials.

Ncgoneba was first put uixm trial, a jury called and
he informed of his right of challenge, which he at
once exercised by rejecting every red-headed man on
the li.st. The jury finally selected and sworn were

HISTORY OF HURON AND ElilE COUATIES, OHIO.

Josiali Riimerv, Ezra Abbott, William AVatkiiis, Syl-
vester Pomeroy, William R. Beebe, Samuel Spencer,
Moody Mears, Daniel Mack, Royal N. Powers, Daniel
Warren, AVilliam Speers and Isaac Allen.

The witnesses for the State were Charles C. Tupper,
the half-breed Chazee, Abiather Shirley, Barnabas
Meeker, and some others called on minor matters.

The prosecutor made no opening argument.
Cowles, for the defense, read some authorities and
addressed the jury upon the evidence. Hitchcock,
for the State, replied, and upon a charge from the
court the jury retired, and soon returned with a
verdict of murder in the first degree.

Xegosheek was next put upon ti'ial Ijefore the fol-
lowing jury: Anthony Beers, Samuel Cockraue,
Beekwith Cook, Jacob Hawhn, John Barney, Samuel
B. Carpenter, Gamaliel Townsend, Samuel B. Lewis,
Joseph Strong, Jared Ward, Joseph Ozier and Levi
Cole. The same witnesses appeared for the State as
in the first case; and a like verdict was rendered.

Negossum, the boy, was then put upon trial, but
the testimony was so clearly in his favor that the
prosecutor declared he would not further prosecute
the indictment against him, and the court ordered
his discharge.

Negoneba and Xegosheek were sentenced Ijy the
court to be remanded to the jail from whence they
came, and there remain until the first day of July
next, and from thence, between the hours of ten and
twelve o'clock in the forenoon of said day, be taken
by the sheriff of the county to the place of execution,
and then and there, by said sheriff, be hanged by the
neck until they be dead.

They did not approve of the sentence of hanging,
and asked that they might be shot, but when they
fully realized that they should surely be hung, they
tried experiments upon each other; one would lie
down upon his back and the other would sit astride
of him, and with both hands clasped around his neck,
choke him until nearly gone, and then let go; when
sufficiently recovered, he would slowly arise and
sagely shake his head and exclaim, "ugh! no good,
no good;'' then they would change places, and the
compliment be returned in kind, with the same result;
it was still "No good, no good."

The day of execution was warm and sultry. At an
early hour people began to gather from far and near,
dressed in the rude costume of those days; with the
men, "buckskin trousers" were common; and one
young man, who in coming from Huron had got his
(not doeskin cassimere) "breeches" thoroughly wet
in passing a creek, found them stretching down to an
inconvenient length; he cut off enough to make them
right, they continued to stretch, he cut them off
again and again; on arriving at Xorwalk the hot sun
began to dry them and they began to shrink, and
kept on shrinking until the bottoms crawled up above
his knees, and in that plight he became an object of
almost as much attention as the two criminals.

Seven or eight Indians, Ottawas, were present at
the execution, some of them being the ones who had
assisted in their cajiture on both occasions.

The "gallos" (gallows) was erected on tlie sand
ridge just south of Main street, on the lot and near
the site of the residence of A. G. Post, Esq., next
west of the Episcopal cemetery.

A rifle company formed one or two years before, of
about one hundred men, under command of Cajitain
Henry Burt, attended the execution as a guard, and
to assist the civil authorities.

They marched to the jail, and the jirisoners having
been dressed in their shrouds, with rojoes around .
their necks, were taken out by the sheriff and. placed
in a wagon, and, escorted by the guard, taken to the
place of execution, when being asked if they had
anything to say, Xegosheek spoke a few words in
broken English, but what he said cannot now lie
ascertained.

After life was extinct the bodies were placed in
coffins and buried at the jjlace of execution. The
civil officers and military company then marched to
the house of Capt. Boalt, and were furnished a boun-
tiful repast by him, after which a funeral discourse
was preached by the Rev. William Hanford, a Pres-
byterian clergyman.

Before Xegosheek was executed he confessed the
murder of six other white men, previous to that of
Wood and Bishop.

This was the first -important criminal trial in
Huron county, and the first execution in Xorwalk.
Since then there has been only one other execution
for murder in Xorwalk; that of Bennett Scop for the
murder of a peddler named Jacolj Goodman in Green-
field township, on the 9th day of October, A. D.
1869.

The cost of the cajjture and trial of the Indians
was a heavy tax upon the new settlement, and the
bills rendered are primitive curiosities. Some of them
are here given in the original form and spelling:

Voucher No . 660.

HcEON County to Jennings, Dasltng & Co., Dr.

Paid Sasa Sia 00

Cabian 12 00

Paqahkemann 9 00

.James 9 00

Undeno 9 00

Measaeka 9 00

Ogenee 9 00

Thunder 4 60

$r3 30

Goods and provisions to Mr. Tupper for going after pro-
perty:

1 deer skin $150

12 feet bed cord 19

28Hlb. bacon 5 35

H lb . young hyson tea 94

Paid Indians tor going after property as per order of C.
Tupper:

Iblacksilk handk'f 1 85

^yrd. calico 31

2yrd. ribben 44

3yrd. plaid 1 30

1 bandana handk'f 100

Jenxinos, Darling & Co . ,
Allowed. Per Moses Farwell.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Voi'cherNo. 656.

May 22. Huron county to Charles C. Tupper, one dollar and sixty-
two & % cents. Charles C. Tupper.
Note.— On the back of the voucher is the following:

Charles C. Tupper deter to Enos Gilbert, for liqur whlst on gard,
thirteen shilling &. sixpence. Charles C. Tupper.

This claim was allowed by the commissioners, and entered on their
journal as follows:
To C. Tupper, for services $1 62)^

Voucher Wo.

Huron County to Charles C. Tupper, Dr.

My services 9 days in apprehending, securing and delivering the

Indians on the first expedition $-36 00

Ditto, ditto, 14 days on the second expedition 56 00

Cash paid for expenses in pursuit of Indians 7 00

Ditto, to be paid to Anson Gray for 7 Tlays services in apprehend-
ing and securing the Indians on first expedition 10 50

Ditto, ditto, to Peter JIauminin for 5 days service in apprehend-
ing and interpreting on first expedition 10 00

Ditto, ditto, Thos Demas, 6 days services for ditto, on second

expedition 10 35

Ditto, ditto, Wm. Austin, 6 days services for ditto, on second ex-
pedition 9 00

3128 73
Note.— The following addition to the bill is in the hand-writing
of E. Lane, then prosecuting attorney:

Two days attending as guard 2 00

Charles C . Tupper. attending the grand jury tliree days 1 50

E. Lane, Pros. Att'ij. 51:32 25

V0RCHER634.

CouNTy OF HuRoir to John B. Flemi.sg, Dr.
To eleven days service to pursue, retake and interpret for the

Indian^risoners, @ S4 per day SH 00

Norwalk, 22d May, 1819. J, B. Fl.asimond, "

*Thisis Flammond's own signature and shows the correct spelling;
in all the records it is spelled wrong.

Voucher No. 35 (new numbering).

Dr. The Honorable the Commissioners for the County of Huron to
John B . Flammond .

2 days services, :30th June and 1st July, as interpreter 34 00

Note.— This bill was allowed by the commissioners, and entered in
their journal as follows:
To John B. Fleming, for services hanging Indian 34 OO

Voucher No. 17 (new numbering).

Swan Creek, llth May, 1819.
Lieut. Charles C. Tupper Dr. to Matthew McKelvey .

May 11. To:S0i/4lb bacon, (S 2s -.7 5614

1 qt. whisky, @ 4s 50

12. To 1 qt. whisky, @ 3s :j7i^

Money paid Mr. Printis, 8s 1 00

1 pt. whisky, 3s; to Hpt., Is; to I qt., 3s 75

Whisky for your men, 4s 50

13 To Iqt. whisky, 3s

Money paid Capt. Henderson, 9s 1 1214

Iqt. whisky, 3s 371^

Paid Joseph Printis, 8s 1 00

Rope to bind an Indian, 3s .37J^

14. To 2 qts. whisky 75

314 3154
Lyman Farwell pay Jlatthew McKelvey the above amount, and
oblige yours, &.C., it being articles had on our campaign after the runa-
way Indians. Charles C . Tupper.

Note.— The use of the "necessaries of life" on the campaign men-
tioned in the above bill, were in about the following proportion: One
quart of whisky to four pounds of bacon. Hominy, potatots and lodg-
ing were either not necessary, or were thrown in as not of sufficient
> be charged for.

Voucher No. IS (new numbering)

Swan Creek, ISth May, 181a.
Mr. Bolt Dr. to Matthew McKelvey.

To two gal. whisky 53 (X)

To two hired hands, three days (j 00

To use of boat same time j 00

tlO TO
Matthew McKelvey

Voucher 661.

(
To charges in hunting Indians.

Services in hunting

May 22d, 1819.

County of Huron, to John Boalt, Dr .
To nine davs services to Pursue Indian Prisoners, m 4S 36 00

Norwalk, 22d May. 1819 S27 00

Voucher 657.

County of Huron, Dr.
to nine day s ? ervises on guard over the ingins a dollar a
day and night . Norwalk, May the 23, 1819 .

D. G. Raitt.

Voucher 624.

Gentlemen Commissioners of Huron Cou.nty : — J. G. Thayer has
served five days as a Guard during this term of Court .

Lyman Farwell. Sheriff.
Norwalk, May 22, 1819.
S5.00 allowed.

Gentlemen Commissioners of Huron County:— Calvin Bates has
served two days in Guarding Prisoners during this term of the Court.
May 21st. 1SI9. Lyman Farwell. Sheriff.

200 cts allowed by Commissioners.

Voucher 63h.

Huron County to Lyman Farwell, Dr.

To paying Guard at Portland 4 50

To transporting Prisoners S 00

To cash paid Tupper 3 -31— $13 81

Norwalk, May 22, 1819.

Voucher 641 .

I, John Pumphry, do hejeby certify that John Hawk and myself
did, on the 15th of this instant, take up Negossheek, one of the Indian
murders and on the 16th Instant delivered said Indian to the Jailor of
Huron County, for which we the said John Hawk and John Pumphry
claim the Reward offered by the Sheriff of said county, it being one
hundred and twenty -five dollars. Norwalk. May 20, 1819.

John Pumphrey.
.\llowed on the above 25 dollars .

Voucher 626.
The sum of twenty-five dollars is allowed Peter Hitchcock for assisting
1 prosecuting the pleas of the State in the county of Huron, at the May
- - - - - ~ . George Tod, Pres't.

term, 1819 . By 01 der of the Court .

Voucher 635.

County of Huron to Samuel C'owles, Dr.

To assisting on the trial of Naugeshek, Negonebee and Negossum 1

Counsel for prisoners J2o 00

May term, 1819. The above amount is allowed by order of the Cotir
George Tod. Pres't.

Voucher No. 36 (new numbering).
Allowed to Ezra Abbott:

July the 1. 1819 Dr. ■ihe Commissinoers of the County of Huron.

To building Gallos 14 00

to two Coffins -'4 each 8 00

to making Srowd 1 00

tooneshirt 1 00-324 (

Voucher 113.

Huron Cou.vty Dr. to Alman Loomis.

Dr to Diging Grave for Indians SI '

July 1. 1.S19. Certified by me. Lyman Farwell, Sheriff.

Voucher 112 (new numberins,).

May 4th 1819. County of Huron. Dr.

To boarding 3 Indians six days 18 days.
They then escaped.

Afterwards Negasset 11 days.

Negunneba 7 days.

Negassum 4 days.

Rowlin 8 days.

Downing 6 days.

To the end of May Court 54days. — 7 weeks 3 days.

Rowlin two weeks 2 weeks.

Two Indians five weeks four days 11 weeks 1 day.

at two dollars p week. 20 weeks li days.

132

HISTOKY OF HURON AND EKIE COUNTIES, UillU.

Two Guards six days 13 days.

Two " four days 8 days.

Four •• seven days 38 days

Five " twodays lOdays.

5S days. -^ 8 weeks 3 days.
Three " five weeks three uay.s 10 •■ 3 "

34 weeks 4 days.

Three old shirts 1.50 34!4 weeks at 3.50 per week

1014 lb. candles at 3s. 6d . . . .3.3,S

Meals (or e.^ctra Guards .5.0(1 j 61 38

14 mealsfor seven Indians.. 3.50 Criminal 4187)4

Whisky to dress the wounds 17 53

of the Indians and extra

Guards 4)4 Gallons 4.3.i 130 78H

Ending July 1st 1819. Jir.53

f 130. 78. for LvuAN Farwell, S^icny,

Esos Gilbert.
Note.— For much of the information contained in the foregoing ac-
c lunt of facts, scenes and incidents attending the murder, capture,
trial and conviction, the writer is largely indebted to an article pub-
lished in tne Fire-lands Pioneer of June, IS65, page 43. Also, to official
records and flies, and to his own memory of conversation between
"Doc. Raitf and the late Hallet Gallup, in his hearing when a boy

K£.M()V.\L OF THE COfXTY SE.\X.

In September of 1815, Piatt Benedict, then of Dan-
bury, Connecticut, came west to prospect for a new
home. He stopped to see his cousin, Eli Boughton,
then living at Canfield, Trumbull county, Ohio, and
was there introduced to Elisha Whittlesey. Mr. Whit-
tlesey was about starting for Huron county with Judge
Todd, to attend the first court soon to be held at the
"old county seat." Mr. Benedict joined their com-
pany and came on with them.

The first court was held at the house of David
Abbott, and there was a very general dissatisfaction
expressed at the location, and the propriety of select-
ing another site was freely discussed. Some person
(whose name cannot now be ascertained) suggested
that there was a fine sand ridge in Norwalk township
that would make a good location.

Major Frederick Folly, of Margaretta township, was
one of the parties present at that court; and after
the adjournment, he, Mr. Whittlesey and Mr. Bene-
dict, started to examine the "sand ridge" with the
intention of ascertaining its desirability as a site for
the future seat of justice, and no doubt with some
speculative design in view. On arriving at the place
of Abijah Comstock, they invited him to accompany
them and act as guide. After " prospecting" the site
of the future city which loomed up in their "minds'
eye," and finding good water (which the oijponents
of a change of county seat asserted "could not be
had in that barren sand ridge"), they turned iheir
steps towards Cleveland, and soon after arriving there,
drew uj) and signed an agreement, the original of
which is now in possession of the writer, and is as
follows:

This Agreement, made this the 30th day of October, 1815, by and
l)etween Frederick Fally, Piatt Benedict and Elisha Whittlesey, wil^
nesseth that they have, and by these presents do covenant, and agree
to and with each other, to purchase so much of the fourth section, in
the town of Norwalk, in the county of Huron, as is for sale, belonging
to Eli Starr, Ithamer Canfleld and Betsey Canfield, Win. Taylor and
Abigail Taylor, John Dodd and the heirs of Ephraphus W. Bull: and it
the whole of their rights in said section cannot be purchased, then they
agree to purchase so much of each of the above proprietors as can be
procured, and to pay therefor at such price, and on such terms of

payment as shall be agreed on by the person making such purchase, in
the following proportions, to wit: The said Frederick Fally one-fourth
of the purchase money, the said Piatt Benedict, one-fourth, and the
said Elisha Whittlesey, one-half of the purchase money. It is, however,
mutually agreed that if Mathew B Whittlesey and Moss White, oi- either
of them if both do not consent and agree to become partnei-s in the
purchase, may one or either of them be permitted to take one fourth
of the purchase, which is to be deducted from the proportion agreed
above to be taken by the said E. Whittlesey, on their agreeing if
both consent, or on either of them agreeing if only one consents, to
become part proprietors in the purchase, to be bound by the cove-
nants which bind each of the above contracting parties, which shall
be evidenced by expressing the intention in signing these covenants,
with appropriate and fit words to bind him or them to each of the
above contracting parties, in which case each of us hereby agree to
become bound to him or them, as we shall be to each other in these
covenants. We further covenant and agree to and with each other,
that on effecting the purchase aforesaid, or a part thereof, in case the
same shall include a suitable site tor a town, to lay out a plat of ground
suitable in extent to the object in view; and in case the seat of justice
is removed from where it is now established in the count.v of Huron,
on to the lands which may be purchased in said section as above ; or if
the legislature should appoint a committee to view for a suitable place
to which to remove the seat of justice to. that such part and proportion
of said plat shall and maj be offered for the use and benefit of the
county, for the erection of public buildings as shall hereaf 'er be agreed
on by a majority of the pn prietors voting by the interest each one may
have, the least share counting one vote, and to increase in proportion to
the quantum of interest, in case that quantum shall double to the least
share, and so on in the same ratio.

It is further covenanted and agreed, to dispose of right to the plat
to the best advantage, either at public or private sale, or so much
thereof as may be thought advisable, to be agreed on in the same
manner as is above covenanted in case any difference of opinion should
exist. We further covenant and agree to lay off the residue of the land
into suitable outlets and farms, and dispose of the same to the best
advantage for those concerned : and whereas some one or more of the
contracting parties may wish to reside on some parts of said land, it is
further agreed that a preference shall be given to such in thfe selection
of suitable quantity of land, or such lots as he or they may choose,
paying therefor such price as the same lots would sell for in market;
and whereas it is doubtful in whose name a deed or contract may be
given, it is further covenanted and agreed that the pei-son in whose
name the contract is executed, or to whom the deeds may be given,
shall, prior to disposing of any of said lands, bind himself in suitable
bonds, payable to the other proprietors, for the faithful accounting for
all moneys received, and paying over the same to the other proprietors
in the proportion they may own whenever thereunto required. Each of
the contracting parties binds himself to the other, and each of them
to bear the proportionable part of the expense that may be iucurred in
procuring an article or a title for the ab':>vf lands, or so much thereof
as can be purchased. The intention of the contracting parties being to
erect and build a town on some part of the above lauds, if purchased, it
is agreed that each one is to render all the assistance in his power to
procure settlers and promote the settlement. It is further agreed, that
no one of the contracting parties shall sell out his interest in said pur-
chase to any person, without the consent and approbation of the other
proprietors.

In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands and seals, and to
triplicates hereof, which are deUvered to each of the contracting par-
ties the day and year above written, viz: October :30th, 1815.

FREnERICK Fallet, [l. s.)

Platt Beseoict, [l. s.]

E. Whittlesey, |l. .s.]

Upon the execution of the foregoing contract it
was arranged that Mr. Benedict should return to
Connecticut and effect the purchases contemplated,
upon the best terms attainable; and he at once started,
taking the following letter, addressed by Elisha
Whittlesey to his brother, Mathew B. Whittlesey, of
Daubury, Connecticut, explaining the foregoing con-
tract, and soliciting his co-operation:

Cleveland. October 31, 1815
Dear Brother: You will perceive by contract in the possession of
Mr. Benedict, that he, Major Fally, and myself, design purchasing a tract
of land lying in the fourth section of the town of Norwalk. By this
map you will be able to see the situation of the land among the several
owners. Mr, Benedict will inform you of the prospect of moving the
seat of justice. The tract of land is a valuable one and can soon be
disposed of, even if we should fail in the object we have in view.

The site on this tract, owned by Starr and Canfleld, is as handsome as
any one I ever saw. Mr. Benedict will descend into particulars, as also

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

133

of the land adjoining. We should be happy ot having you join, and
Col. Moss White, if consistent, otherwise the parts reserved will be dis-
posed of here. We wish vour assistance in making this purchase, and
leave it for you. BIr. Benedict and Mr. White to devise the most eligible
plan . If the deed is taken in the names of a part of the proprietors, it
is expected that suitable covenants will be entered into to secure the
others in t ^e participation ot the profits of the contracts. It will be-
come necessarj' that those who reside here have the disposal of the lots,
and be able to give titles, or otherwise you will perceive the business
would be much procrastinated and embarrassed. The price of laud in
the unsettled towns adjoining is from one dollar to two dollars and two
dollars and fifty cents per acre. We have not proscribed Mr. Benedict

as to the price, but wish the purchase on the most favorable terms.
If contract cannot be made with Starr and Canfleld we propose to
purchase so much as they will sell, provided they come in and are
bound with' the rest of us, for the building the town. But we do
not wish to have any thing to do with it, unless the business is so
arranged that lands can be disposed of with a certainty of having the
title, when requested, made to the purchaser. Major Fally is a man
ot respectability, business and honor, and well calculated to be engaged
in business of this kind. You will perceive that much confidence must
be reposed in each other until such time as the title is procured and du-
plicate convenants signed for the security ot each proprietor. Unless
Starr and Canfleld sell, they need not flatter themselves of the seat of
justice, for there are other places which will be favored.

Since writing the above Mr . Benedict and Tally wish the title to be

vested ultimately in me Of that do as you shall judge best. Mr. Beu-
edictwill informyouof the health of ray family, lic. In haste.

Yours affectionately, E. Whittlesey.

The following memorauda appear on the back of
this letter, iu the handwriting of Piatt Benedict,
showing liis disbursements while on the trip to make
the purchase contemplated by the contract:

expenses by platt bexedict.

Nov. 19. 2 days to New Milford, and expense for horse, &c. S3 50

Jan . 36. i day to New Milford and expense 2 50

March 27 . To 1 da,v and expenses to New Miiford 2 50

. To postage of 3 letters 112!^

Aprils. Cash paid Col. Taylor 10 00

do. do. do. do 10 00

Postage on letter 25

Moss White paid do 15 00

M, B. Whittlesey do 19 00

Moss White paid 19th July 25 00

59 00

P. Benedict paid do 15 00

3 days going to New Milford to complete the business, &c.,

expenses with Mrs. Bull 7 50

S52 37V4
Amount of expense and cash paid by P. Benedict as above, 29 87>^

Cash paid by P. Benedict 15 00

do for expense 7 50

J52 37H
April 3. 1816.— Contracted with Wm. Taylor for 563 acres in Norwalk,

Ohio, for «1,210. Paid him SIO. Platt Benedict, Matthew B. Whittlesey,

Moss White notes as follows : one note on demand to Eli Mygatt, tor

S13 81— one to Col. Taylor, sixty days, S356— one tori450, one year from

date— one tor S450, two years from date.
15th Nov., 1815.— P. Benedict note on demand for S406— one note tor

S406 payable one year from date— one for S406 payable 2 years from date

—and one ot $406 payable 3 years from date.
Matthew B. Whittlesey and Moss White, July 9th.— Paid on the note on

demand S40— S25 paid by M. White and S15 by P. Benedict.

Mr. Benedict, having left Cleveland on or aliout
October 31, on horseback, reached Danbury in eleven
days, making an average daily ride of over fifty miles.
and. on the 15th of November, went to New Milford,
.sixteen miles distant, and commenced negotiations
with Colonel William Taylor, who, •'• in right of his
wife," held part of the desired land. After several such
trips, he at length, on April 3. 1810, concluded a
contract with him for five hundred and si.xty-two
acres, for the sum of one thousand two hundred and
ten dollars. This purchase covered the land upon

which all of the original town plat of Norwalk east of
Hester street was afterwards laid out. Eight huu -
dred and twelve acres were also purchased of Mrs.
Polley Bull for two dollars per acre. This land lies
east of the Taylor tract, and all of the east part of
the present village south of the section line is built
upon it. The Taylor tract was part of the claim of
fire sufferer, Ezra Starr; and the Polley Bull tract
was part of claim of fire sufferer, John McLean.

In accordance with the suggestion of Mr. Whit-
tlesey, in his letter to his brother above given, Mathew
B. Whittlesey and E. Moss White entered into the
enterprise and Joined with Mr. Benedict iu giving
notes for the purchase price of the lauds, as fully
appears by many papers in the writer's possession.

On April 8, 1816, Colonel Wm. Taylor executed a
deed of the five hundred and sixty-two acre tract to
Elisha Whittlesey: and, on June 8, 1816, Mrs. Bull
executed a deed of the eight hundred and twelve acre
tract to the same party. The reason of these deeds
being executed to Mr. Whittlesey is fully explained in
his foregoing letter. On the e.xecution of the deeds
they were at once sent on to Mr. Whittlesey, and he
soon after came on, and, after consulting Major Un-
derhill, employed Almond Ruggles as a surveyor to
run out a portion of the land into village lots and plat
the same. On October 16, 1816, the survey and jjlat
having been completed, Mr. Whittlesey signed and
acknowledged the plat before Jabez Wright, associate
judge, and the same day it was received for record
and recorded in volume one of records of deeds on
page seventeen, by Ichabod Marshall, recorder. The
instrument recorded with the plat contains the fol-
lowing dedication: "Lot thirteen is given for a site
to build a court house, lot twelve a meeting house, lot
one for an academy or college, and lot twenty-four for
a goal" — evidently meaning gaol, or jail. The court
house and jail now stand on lot thirteen, the Metho-
dist Church on lot twelve, Whittlesey Academy on lot
one, and the Parker Block on lot twenty-four.

From the fact that the gift of these lots appears
upon the records in the name of Elisha Whittlesey
alone, the impression long since sprang up in this
community that to him only belonged the credit of
the grant. The foregoing contract and Mr. Whittle-
sey's letter to his brother with the other facts stated
in this history, fully disprove the correctness of that
impression. Mr. Whittlesey, in executing that dedi-
cation, and having it recorded, acted in fact as a
trustee for himself, M. B. Whittlesey, E. M. White
and Platt Benedict, and they deserve the credit
jointly with him.

Frederick Falley, living in Margaretta township,
never fulfilled his part of the contract by advancing
any part of the purchase money, nor of the exjienscs,
and was quietly dropped out.

On September 0, 181T, Mr. Benedict arrived in

Norwalk township with his family, and finding his

house, which he had put up iu the sjiring of 1817,

I burned to the ground, at once erected another one on

134

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

the same site, and on November 4, 1817, commenced
work clearing, as appears by tlie following entries
selected from his account book, now in possession of
the writer:

1817.— Nov. 4. To 4 days and team clearing out road on ridge. . S5.00

1818.— May 6. To 1 gall, whisky for hands clearing ground 1.50

To 4 days clearing ground for county seat -(.00

Then some change seems to have been decided upon
in the arrangement and plan of the plat; as a result,
four of the eight two rod alleys, between the present
Benedict avenue and Medina street, were vacated,
and the arrangement of lots changed to correspond,
and as thus changed, it now /-emrtt^.s; but no record
was ever made of that change, and as the old plat
recorded in 1816 is the only one upon the county re-
cords, title searchers are puzzled, at this day, to ac-
count for the wide variance between the recorded and
the actual plat.

The writer has found among the papers of Piatt
Benedict, an ancient, much worn map of the present
actual plat, but there is no endorsement upon it
showing by whom, or when it was made. A fair copy
of it is now in possession of E. S. Houghton, present
recorder of deeds.

The following entries, also taken from the account
book of Mr. Benedict, give a little more light upon
this change:

1818.— June 15. To 1 day surveying and laying out town plot $1.25

To boarding surveyor and hand 1 day each 75

This strange omission in not having the changed
plat recorded, might, long years ago, have been seized
upon as a pretext for vexations litigation, but the
statutes of repose have long since thrown their pro-
tecting mantle over it.

In the year 1817, schemes were devised, and plans
perfected for accomplishing the second step in this
campaign for the capture of the county seat. Peti-
tions were circulated, and the result shows they must
have been quite generally signed.

In the mean time, a number of men of energy
and public spirit had come in, and settled upon the
new town plat, and by the spring of 1818, it began
to assume the dignity of a village. A subscription
paper was circulated to raise funds for the erection of
county buildings, and several hundred dollars were
raised. Almond Ruggles was employed to go to
Columbus in January, 1818, with the petitions for
removing the county seat, and "lobby" a bill through
the legislature; this he did successfully, and was paid
for that service as appears by the following receipt,
the original of which is now in possession of Miner
Cole, Es.|.:

Received of Peter Tice and Piatt Benedict, one hundred dollars for
services rendered in going to Columbus, for the purpose of settling the
question as to the removal of the seat of justice to Norwalk, at the
request of those interested. Almond Ruggles.

The bill passed by the legislature, appointed a
commission of three persons " to view the present
and .such oilier sites for seats of justice, as might be
shown to them in the county of Huron," and also
cliarged the commission with the duty of ai)praising

the damage which those who had purchased iirojicrty
at the old county seat would suffer by the removal
of it.

At the time appointed for a meeting of the com
missioners, only two were present. The following
places were applicants for the location, viz.: Abbott".^
place in Eldridge (Berlin); Milan, Abijah Comstock's
place on section two of this town; Gibbs and Lock-
wood's Corners (now Alling's Corners), Norwalk vil-
lage, Monroeville, Widow Parkers (on the west side
of Huron river opposite Milan), and Sandusky City.
The commission proceeded to view all the proposed
sites, selected Norwalk, and appraised the damages
of the several property owners at the old site at a
total of three thousand four hundred and forty dollars.

Most of the foregoing facts will more fully appear
by reference to the following bond which explains
itself, and which was, no doubt, an important factor
in determining the action of the commission:

Know all men by these presents. That we. Elisha Whittlesey and
Piatt Benedict, as principals, and David Underbill. Levi Cole, Peter
Tice and Daniel Tilden, as sureties, are firmly bound and obligated to
Abijah Comstock, treasurer of the county of Huron, and his successors
in said office, and to Ebenezer Merry. Epbraim Quimby, Frederick W.
Fowler, Lyman Fay, Ichabod Marshall, Richmond Rhodes, Othniel
Fields and Joseph Kairns. in the penal sum of eight thousand dollars,
to the payment of which sum we hereby bind ourselves, our heirs, and
executors, firmly by these presents, signed with our hands, and sealed
with our seals, this, the eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord, one
thousand eight hundred and eighteen. In presence of.

The condition of this bond is such that, whereas the Legislature of the
State of Ohio, on the twenty-sLxth day of January, one tliousand eight
hundred and eighteen, passed a law appointing Abraham Tappan. Wil-
liam Wetmore, and Elias Lee, commissioners to view the present and
such other sites for seats of justice as might be shown to them in the
county of Huron, and to take into consideration the necessity and pro-
priety of removing said seat of justice for said county ; and whereas,
the said commissioners, by said act. are to appraise the damage that
each person might sustain who had purchased in the present seat of
justice in and for said county; and. whereas, the said Abraham Tap-
pan, and William Wetmore, two of said committee, have attended to
the duties of their appointment, and have assessed to the said Ebenezer
Merry, and Ephraini Quimby, damage to the amount of two thn\isand,
two hundred dollars; to Lyman Fay, damage to tlie amount of one hun-
dred and fifty dollars; Frederick W. Fowler, damage to the ;
six hundred and eighty dollars; Richmond Rhodes, damage
amount of sixty dollars; Ichabod Marshall, damage to the amoi
one hundred and fifty dollars; to Othniel Fields, damage to the i
of one hundred dollars ; to Joseph Kairns, damage to the amount of one
hundred dollars.

And. whereas, also by said act, the damage so assessed, is to be paid
to the several sufferers within two years ; and, whereas, also the dona-
tions heretofore subscribed for public buildings, or a sum equal thereto
are to be paid within one year. Now, therefore, the condition of this
bond is such that if the said commissioners shall fix the seat of justice
on the town plat of Norwalk, and the said obligors do not pay to the said
treasurer, or his said successor in said office, for the use of Jthe county,
asimiequalto the present amount of donations for public buildings,
within one year from this date, or if the said obligors do not pay the
said Ebenezer Merry, and Ephraim Quimby, the said sum of t wo thou-
sand two hundred dollars: to the said Lyman Fay, the said sum of one
hundred and fifty dollars; to the said Frederick W. Fowler, the said
sum of six hundred and eighty dollars; to the said Richmond Rhodes,
the said sum of sixty dollars; to the said Ichabod Marshall, the said
sum of onehun.lred and fifty dollars; to the said Othniel Fields, the
said sum of one hundred dollai-s; to the said Joseph Kairns, the said
sum of one hundred dollars, within two years from this date, then this
bond to be and remain in full force and effect : but if the seveial sums of
money above mentioned be paid as above stipulated, then this bond to
be null and void.

Elish.i Whittlesey. [l.s.]

Pl.\tt Uenedict, [l.s.]

Witness- David Underhill. [l.s.]

David Abbott. Levi Cole, [l.s.]

Ben.i, W. Abbott. Daniel Tilden. [l.s.]

Peter Tice. [l.s,]

Note.— C'oiJied from journalof Common Pleas Court of May term, 1818.

N Ca/n^CjU/vv <^

C/\.r^-r^'

^/yvv/^

The subject of this sketch was born in Auburn, Crawford
Co., Ohio, July 13, 1825. His parents, Erastus and Sally
Sawyer, were natives of the State of New York. His father's
ancestors emigrated to tliis country from Lancashire, England,
and his mother's (whose maiden name was Snider) from Hol-
land. His parents were pioneers in that then wilderness
country. He has one brother, Albanus, older, and one sis-
ter, Mrs. Lucy Kellogg, younger, than himself, who reside
in Crawford County.

He remained upon his father's farm until his seventeenth
year, employed in the hard work of the new country, and
attending the common school of the neighborhood when there
happened to be one. In 1843 he was a student at Norwalk
Seminary, and the next year at Granville College, supporting
himself during this time, and while studying law, by teaching
school winters. In 1845 he commenced the study of the law
at Norwalk, and was admitted to the Bar in 1847, and soon
had a respectable practice.

In 1850 he was elected prosecuting attorney, which office
he held two years, during which time he was successful in
breaking up a noted gang of horse thieves, counterfeiters, and
professional witnesses who infested the county.

In 1854 he formed a partnership with George H. Safford,
which continued until both threw up the profession to enter
the army. The firm did an extensive and successful business.
In 1860, at the instance of Gov. Dennison, Mr. Sawyer
organized a military company known as the Norwalk Light
Guards, and on the 16th day of April, 1801, was ordered into
the service for three months, and reported with his company
at Camp Dennison as Co. "D," 8th Ohio Volunteers. The
regiment soon reorganized for three years, and he was pro-
moted to major, and soon after to lieutenant-colonel. In July
the regiment went to Western Virginia and participated in
the campaign of that summer. S. S. Carroll, of the U.S.A.,
was appointed colonel, and toolc the regiment into the valley
in the spring of 1861, where it fought conspicuously in the
battle of Winchester. Col. Carroll was there given the com-
mand of a brigade, and from this time tlic regiment was in
command of Col. Sawyer. It was then ordered to Harrison's
Landing, and became part of the 2d Corps. He commanded
the regiment in the battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg,
Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Morton's Ford,
the Wilderness, and Spottsylvania, and in innumerable
skirmishes. In most of these battles he was assigned to
difficult positions, and in every instance was complimented by
his superior officers for his gallant conduct. At Gettysburg,
he was ordered to drive out a rebel force posted in an im-
portant position in front of Hancock's battle-line, which was
handsomely done with the bayonet, though at a heavy loss.
This position he maintained for two days unsupported, and
far in advance of the lino, although three times attacked by
superior force; and finally, cluirging an advancing column of
rebels, took a number of prisoners and three battle-ilags. In
this battle, and also the battle of Antietam, over one-half of

his men engaged were killed or wounded. His horse was shot
from under him at Antietam, Chancellorsville, and Locust
Grove. He was severely wounded at Gettysburg, Morton's
Ford, and Spottsylvania, at the latter place the wound dis-
abling him from further service and partially paralyzing the
left side. During the draft-riots he was sent to the city of
New York with his regiment, and occupied a position on
Brooklyn Heights until the consummation of the draft.

Promotion was several times tendered him, but he preferred
to remain with his "gallant old 8th." His popularity with
his men was unbounded, his ability as an officer was con-
coded, and his absolute bravery in battle unquestioned. The
rank of brevet brigadier-general was conferred for meritorious
conduct during the war.

In the fall of 1864 he visited the Ohio troops on the line of
the Mississippi, New Orleans, Kentucky, Tennessee, Northern
Alabama, and Georgia, on a special commission from Gov.
Brough. He then acted as assistant judge advocate in the
office of Judge Advocate Gen. Holt, at Washington, until
the close of the war, and the triuniplial return of the Union
army to Washington, in June, 1865.

In 1865 he was elected representative to the Legislature for
Huron County on the Kepublican ticket, and served two
sessions. Was a member of the committees on finance, schools,
and the agricultural college fund. The Clcrclniid Leader, in
a review of this Legislature, said of him : " Few men in the
St.ate achieved a brighter reputation in the recent war than
Gen. Sawyer, the member for Huron. As a legislator he is
chiefly distinguished for his ability in presenting his case and
' dumfounding' his adversary, if anybody has the temerity to
oppose him. For real humor, as well as solid argument, he
has few superiors. Sometimes his rare blending of humor and
argument would convulse with laughter the entire hou.se, and
upset the gravity of everybody within hearing."

In May, 1867, he was appointed one of the registers in
bankruptcy for the Northern District of Ohio, which office he
has held during the existence of the act, a period of over
twelve years, being regarded as a careful and impartial officer.
He has also during this period continued successfully in his
law practice. Gen. Sawyer has always taken a lively interest
in the prosperity of Norwalk. He was a trustee of the Nor-
walk Institute for several years, and until it was discontinued
on account of the non-popular public-school system, and was
then for fifteen years a member of the board of education of
the union schools.

As a lawyer he occupies a prominent jiosition at the I?»r,
and is regarded as a man of strict integrity ; he is an interest-
ing speaker and ready debater, and a thorough student of
literature and history.

He was married to'Lucinda M. Lathrop, Jan. 30, 1848, who
died June 12, 1854. Nov. 20, 1855, he was married to Eliza-
beth B. Bostwick, of Delaware Co., N. Y., who died Jan.
6, 1878. He has one son, Frank, who is being educated for
the profession of the law.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

135

TIk' location having been settled, Mr. Whittlesey
proposed to deed the entire town plat, except lots
number one, twelve, thirteen and twenty-four, to cer-
tain individuals if they would relieve him from his
liabitity on the foregoing Ijond. His proposition was
accepted, and on May 30, 1818, they executed to him
the following bond of indemnity:

K{Jow ALL MEN BY THESE PRESEXTS, That We, David Underbill, Peter
Tice. Levi Cole, Piatt Benedict and Daniel Tilden, of Huron countj-,
are held and stand firmly bound unto Elisha Whittlesey in the penal
sum of eight thousand dollars, to the payment of which we bind our-
selves , our heirs, executors and administrators, firmly by these presents.
Signed with our hapds and sealed with our seals this, the thirtieth day
of May, one thousand eight hundred and eighteen

The condition of this bond is such that whereas the said Elisha Whit,
tlesey, heretofore at our request, became bound as principal in a certain
bond executed by him to Abijah Comstock. treasurer of the county of
Huron aforesaid and his successors in said oflSce, in the penal sum of
eight thousand dollars, conditioned for the payment of three thousard
four hundred and forty dollars, or thereabouts, to certain individuals
therein named, being the damages assessed to be paid to them by the
appraisal of Abraham Tappan and William Wetniore, commissioners
appointed to remove the seat of justice in Huron county: and, also,
having this further condition that the donation should be kept good for
the benefit of the county aforesaid, reference being had to said botrd
returned to the clerk of the court of common pleas, and by him
entered on the journal of said court.

Now, therefore, if the said David Uuderhill, Peter Tice, Levi Cole,
Piatt Benedict and Daniel Tilden, shall exonerate and save harmless the
said Elisha Whittlesey from all suits, legal liabilities and costs of, in
and concerning said bond, by performing the conditions therein con.
tained. as they severally become due, then this bond to be void and of
no effect, otherwise to be and remain in full force and effect.

Signed and sealed the day and year above.

David Ukderhill, [l.s.]

In presence of Peter Tice, [l.s.]

Nathan Strong, Levi Cole, [l.s.]

C S. Hale. Platt Benedict, [l.s.]

Daniel Tilden. [l.s.)

Note . —Copied from the original, now in possession of Miner Cole, Esq .

The foregoing bond having been executed May 30,
1818, on June 8, 1818, Mr. Whittlesey executed, in
favor of the parties who signed said bond, a deed of
lots from one to forty-eight, being the whole of Nor-
walk town plat, except jiublic lots one, twelve, thir-
teen and twenty-four, which is recorded in volume II,
of Huron county record of deeds, at page 445.

These parties afterwards fulfilled their obligations
assumed in the two bonds, and in 1820 partitioned
the lots among themselves by a joint deed, which is
recorded in volume II, of Huron county record of
deeds, at page 884.

At a meeting of the county commissioners on
October 21, 18 L8, the following resolution was passed :

Ordered, By the commissioners, that notice be given that the commis-
sioners will, on the first Monday of December next, receive proposals
for the building of a court-house, forty by thirty feet, and a jail.

Previous to that, however, and upon the consuma-
tion of the bargain between Mr. Whittlesey and the
five who had e.xecuted the foregoing bond, the latter
had commenced the erection of a court house, under
a contract with William Gallup as builder, and had it
so far completed that on the third Tuesday of Octo-
ber, 1818, the first term of the court at the "new
county seat " was held in it.

On Monday, December 7, 1818, the commissioners
caused the following entry to be made in their
journal:

" Commissioners purchased a building of David

Underbill & Co., for a court house, for the sum of
eight hundred and forty-eight dollars, which is to
apply on their donations given at the sand ridge,
except four hundred and fifty dollars, which is to be
allowed to William Gallup."

The original subscription papers for the county-
seat fund cannot now be found, and it is therefore
impossible to determine whether the three hundred
and ninety-eight dollars, above applied "on their
donations given at the sand ridge," was the amount,
or part of the amount, of the individual subscrip-
tions of the five, composing "David Underbill & Co,"
but as the subscriptions were made for the benefit of
the cMinty, it is most probable that the i^apers were
in the hands of the county officers for collection, and
that by the above application they collected the whole
or a part of the individual donations of Underbill,
Tice, Cole, Benedict and Tilden, and paid Gallup his
four hundred and fifty dollars, balance due on build-
ing, in county orders (which another part of their
journal shows), trusting to further collections to meet
the orders.

At a meeting of the commissioners, held March
2, 1819, they caused the following entry to be made
in their journal:

"Contracted with Platt Benedict to build a jail,
twenty-four by forty-six, two stories, for the sum of
twelve hundred and .seventy-five dollars."

This contract was sub-let to Hallet Gallup, and on
August 8, 1819, the commissioners caused the follow-
ing entry to be made in their journal:

"Commissioners agreed to accept the jail from
Hallet Gallup, and have deducted twenty dollars
from the contract, for work which remains unfinished,
and have paid the balance, with this proviso: the said
Gallup claims that he has done some extra work,
which the contract and custom does not recpiire,
which question the said Gallup and the commissioners
have agreed to submit to some disinterested judges,
and abide their decree. Said decision to be submitted
toS. Benton, Timothy Baker and Frederick Forsyth."

The contract price of this jail was paid in county
orders, the commissioners probably relying upon the
collection of donation subscriptions to meet them.

The old court house was removed many years ago,
to give place to the present brick structure, and now
stands in all its original "beauty" on Whittlesey avenue,
and is the present "Central Hotel."

The old* jail was removed in 1872, to give place to
the present Parker Block, and now stands on Rule
street, north side, between Huron and Wooster streets,
as a dwelling house. It, however, had not been used
as a jail since about 1837.

fir.st post office.

Up to August, 1816, the new settlers received and
sent their mail from the post office at Huron. This
was so inconvenient that Maj. Underbill, meeting
Judge Ruggles one day, represented to liim the diffi-
culty and annoyance of carrying on correspondence

136

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

with tlie east. Ruggles replied: "Find a postmaster,
and I will write to the department and have the
ap])ointment made." Dr. Joseph Peax-ce was selected,
Euggles fulfilled his promise, and the appointment
was, in due time, made, and received as a ray of light
penetrating into an oppressive darkness. The follow-
ing extract from a letter written by Harriet Underhill,
to her sister, Mrs. Horace Morse, in Herkimer, New-
York, refers to this appointment. The letter is dated
"Ridgefield, Angust 6, 1816."

After referring to family matters, the writer says:
"Ma wishes you to write and let us know when you
are coming out here. Perhaps you think of taking
us hy surprise, but do not think of that, for we* shall
hear all the news that is stirring, for this day a post
office has been established here, and Dr. Pearce is
postmaster. Please dii-ect your letters to Norwalk
Post Office."'

This office was kept at the house of Levi Cole (Ben-
jamin Newcomb's second house), on the present Miner
Cole farm, until, in July, 1818, when Mr. Pearce
resigned and his resignation was accepted.

The total business done by the office,, while held by
Dr. Pearce, is shown by the following statement of
account made out at Washington, at that time, and
found among the papers of Piatt Benedict, now in
possession of the writer:

Dr.

t'R

To bal, due on his post office ac't.

From 1817

August 2-2 to October 1, 1816, 1.6.5 January 29. By Cash $ SM

October 1 to Dec. 31, " 3.73 1818

January 1 to April 1,1817, 8.92 May 14, By Cash 1.00

April 1 to July 1. " 13.98 1819

July 1 to October 1, " 11 .61 January 1, By Draft in favor
October 1 to Dec. 31, " 11.09 David Abbott 72.00

January 1 to April 1, 1818. 90
April 1 to July 1, " ■20.21
Balance 5.85

S78 00

FIRST VILLAGE POST OFFICE.

S7S.00

Dr. Pearce having tendered his resignation, the
following letter was sent to him from the department,
the original of which is now in the writer's possession:

Sir:

General Post Office,

City of Washington, 25 July, 1818.

Your letter resigning the office of postmaster at Norwalli, Ohio, has
been received, and accepted. It has Leen concluded to appoint Mr.
Piatt Benedict to fill the vacancy; a bond tor his signature is enclosed
and you will oblige me by seeing it done with proper surety, and then
return it, with a certificate that he has taken the requisite oaths, to this
office. When those papers are received here, a commission will be
made out and forwarded to him, and you will then, or as soon as the
bond is forwarded, if more convenient, hand over to him all the articles
of post office property in your possession, the moneys due to this office
excepted. Yours respectfully,

R. I. Meigs, Jr.

Joseph Pearce, Esq.

At that time, Piatt Benedict was living in a log
house, which stood on the lot, and in the rear of
where the present Gallup block now stands. That
log house was built in September, 1817, upon the
site of one built by Mr. Benedict in the spring 1817, —

but burned down early in September of that year, —
these two being the first houses erected within the
present corporate limits of Norwalk.

The office was at once removed by Mr. Benedict to
his residence, and the first post office in the village
was there opened and kept until 1819; and the first
mail brought only one letter and one newspaper. In
that year Mr. Benedict erected and moved into his
"splendid new brick house," (the first brick structure
erected within the present limits of Huron county),
now forming- part of the present Gallup block, in the
rear. In the little room (back of store'room number
fourteen. East Main street, now used as a fitting room
by S. C. Kinsley, fancy goods merchant,) the post
office was opened up "in state," and there kept,
until Picket Latimer and Harvey G. Morse, some
years afterwards, opened a general store, in a building
standing about where Harley's grocery now is, (store
room number nine. West Main street), when it
was removed to that location, and put in charge of
Jonas B. Benedict, (son of Piatt Benedict, and father
of Dr. D. D. Benedict), as deputy. There it was
kept at the west front seven by nine glass window,
until in 1827, when Latimer & Co. moved to the "Old
Red Store," standing where the Norwalk National
Bank now is, (Baker & Kimball succeeding Latimer
& Co. in the old stand). The post office went with
Latimer & Co., and remained there, in charge
of D. A. Baker, (pi-esent president of the First Na-
tional Bank), as deputy, until the early part of 1828.
Asahel W. Howe, that year, leased of Horace Howard
the tavern stand that is now the wooden building
standing next west of Whittlesey block, so long known
as the Mansion house, the sign of which is yet indis-
tinctly visible on ths east end of the old brick block
next west.

On January 10. 1828, Howe was sworn in as
deputy, and the office was moved there. He proved
to be unworthy of the trust; robbed the mails, was ar-
rested, tried, convicted, sentenced to imprisonment
for a term of years, atid pardoned out in about one
year.

Daniel A. Baker was sworn in as deputy, on March
29, 1827, before Samuel Preston, justice of the ])eace.
as appear by the official oath of office, now in ])osses-
sion of the writer.

The first official draft by tiie department upon the
Norwalk post office, was drawn against Joseph Pearce,
January 1. 1819.

The second was drawn against Piatt Benedict, and
is as follows:

'Dols. 56.— Cents. No 2

V.)

Sir— At sight, pay David Abbott, or order, flfty-six dollars cents

and charge to account of this office. Asm. Bradley, Jr ,

Assistant Postmaster General."
To Platt Benedict, Esquire,
Postmaster at Xonvalk, Ohio.

The official list of newspapers, pamphlets, and
magazines received at this office from October 1, 1828,
to January 1, 1829, shows that seventy-three copies

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

137

were received, upon wliich tlie jiostage was twelve dol-
lars and twenty-four cents.

Au official statement of account made out at Wash-
ington, in 1829, shows the total business of the office
from July 1, 1818, to September 1, 1839, (a period
of eleven years and two months, dui'ing which the
office was held by Piatt Benedict), as having amounted
to one thousand four hundred and thirty-five dollars
and fifty-seven cents, or an average of one hundred
and thirty dollars and fifty cents per year, the last
year, however, from July 1. 1828, to July 1, 1829, it
was one hundred and ninety-seven dollars and thirteen
cents.

The present postmaster, Frederick C. Wickham,
grandson of Samuel Preston, who administered the
oath of office to D. A. Baker, in 1827, has kindly
furnished the writer with the following statement of
the business of the office, for the year ending ilarch
:U, 1879:

AMOUXT OF STAMPS, STAMPED ENVELOPES, NEWSPAPER WRAPPERS, AND
POSTAL CARDS SOLD.

For the quarter ending .June 30, 18T8 S 1.60T 51

'■ September 30, 1878 1,492 84

" " " ■' December 31, 18(8 1,815 77

" March 31, 1879 1,793 86

Total for one year S 6,709 98

AMOUNT COLLECTED FOR BOX RENT.

For the quarter ending June 30. 1878 $ 226 25

" " " '• September 30, 1878 236 00

December 31, 1878 226 25

" " " " March 31, 1879 229 00

Total for one year.- S 907 50

RECEIVED FROM OTHER SOURCES.

For the quarter ending June 39, 1878 S 3 26

'■ September 30, 1878 2 86

■• December 31, 1878 3 40

' •■ March31,lS79 oil

Total for one year S 14 03

Grand total for year 87,632 01

MONEY ORDERS ISSUED.

Number of money orders issued during the year ending

March 31, 1879 3,871

Amount issued for the year S41,040 05

Amount of fees received for same 460 65

Number of orders paid during the year 3,109

Amount of orders paid during the year J41,168 97

Perhaps no single department of business in the
town affords a better criterion by which to measure
its growth and improvement.

In 1818-19 the office was a log dwelling ]>ouse with
one room, — parlor, sitting-room, bed-room, kitchen
and post office in one ; its windows were set with
greased paper instead of glass ; it was warmed from a
huge sione-built fire-place, by burning logs, so large
that a man could only put them in place by the "end
over end" process ; there was only one mail per week.
The total receipts of the office from July 1, 1818 to
July 1, 1819, were §112.08, and postage was then
twenty-five cents for each half-ounce letter.

The total population of the the whole township
was probably about two hundred, which would make
the average contribution of each inhabitant, to the
receipts of the office, about fifty-si.v cents per year, or
e(|ual to about two and one-(iuarter letters sent bv

each inhabitant during the year ; etiual to about
eighteen and two-thirds letters at the present three-
cent rate of postage.

Sixty years have rolled by since then, and our
fathers and motJiers, who were then the actors upon
the stage of life, are now sleeping in their quiet,
silent graves ; a new and busy generation of men and
women, mostly sti'angers to them, fill, according to
their ability, the vacant places.

And to-day, that post office is housed in a commo-
dious room, upon the same premises where it was first
opened, nearly sixty-one years ago ; its windows are
of plate glass, each light of which is five and a half
by ten and a half feet square, and it is fitted up with
most of the modern appliances for facilitating busi-
ness, and ten or twelve mails per day, arrive and de-
part.

The receipts of the office, aside from the money
order department, from March 1, 1878, to March 31,
1879, having been 87,632.01, and estimating the
present population of the township at nine thousand,
would average a contribution, by each inhabitant, to
those receipts, of about eighty-five cents, or at three
cents per half-ounce letter, would equal the annual
sending of nearly sixty-five letters by each inhabitant
now, as against the two and one-quarter letters sent
in 1818-19.

As a conclusion, based upon the foregoing figures,
while the population has increased in those sixty
years, only about forty-times, the annual receipts of
the post office have increased nearly sixty-eight times,
notwithstanding the fact that the rate of postage has
been reduced from twenty-five, to three cents per
half-ounce, or over eight times ; taking that fact into
consideration, the business of the office has increased
about five hundred and forty-four times.

The names and date of commission of each person
who has held the office, from its establishment to the
present time, have been furnished the writer by the
Department at Washington, and are as follows :

Joseph Pearce commissioned October 1, 1816

Piatt Benedict " October 2:5, 1818

Cyrus Butler ' " July 29, 1829

John Bucliingham " September 21, 1830

Obadiah Jenney " May 20, 1841

DanielJIallery •' May 1,1849

A.S.Sutton .- •■ July 6,1853

Amos ParlfS " April 30, 1857

John V . Vredenburgh " December 15, ISiiS

JuliusS. Coe •• December 30, 1858

HiramRose " October 24. 1871

Fredericlf C. Wickham " December l.'), 1875

FIHST MKKCHAXTS.

TicE & FoKS\TH (Peter Tice and Frederick For-
syth), commenced business in 1818, in the ''Red
Store," on the corner of Main and Hester streets,
where the Xorwalk national bank now stands; dis-
continued business about 1821.

Cyrvs Bi'TLEK commenced business as successor
of Tice & Forsythe, in the "Red Store;" David M.
Benedict, clerk. In 1825 built the brick store now

138

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHlU.

occupied by C. H. Wines & Co.. grocers, on the
Latimer property. Removed to Birmingham iu 1827.

Frederick Forsyth commenced business, about
1821, in a building which stood wliere Harley's
grocery store, number nine, West ilain street now
is, and discontinued about 1823.

Morse & Latimer (Harvey G. Morse and Picket
Latimer,) commenced business about 1823, in the
store vacated by Forsythe, and continued there until
they removed to the "'Red-Store."' to give place to
Baker & Kimball, in 1827.

Bakek & Kimball (Timothy Baker and Moses
Kimball,) commenced business about 1825, in the
building so long used as a store by Shepard Patrick,
standing where G. Jacobson"s clothing store now is,
store number seven, W. Main street, and in 1827 re-
moved to store vacated by Morse & Latimer.

JoHX V. Vredenburgh commenced business about

1825, in the building Iniilt by him on the lot corner
of Main street and Railroad avenue, where Cline"s
building now stands.

EARLY MERfHAXTS.

A copy of the list of merchants trading iu the
county of Huron, on the first day of April, A. D.

1826, with the amount of capital.

Cyrus Butler, Norwalk,* $5,000

EnosGilbert - 50

Joseph Strong, Jr. , " 1,500

.) V. Vredenburgh, " 3,000

I certify the above to be a true copy of the list of merchants in said
county, doing business on the first day of April, A. D. 1826.

Geo. Sheffield,

Dated June 1, 183(j County Assessor.

* The list of the other towns is omitted here, because not connected
with the history of Norwalk.

The following are similar lists made by the county
assessor for 1828. 1829, 1830 and 1831.

LIST FOR 1828.

Baker & Kimball, Norwalk SI, 500

P. Latimer & Co., " "2^500

John V. Vredenburgh, Norwalk 1,500

Philo Adams,
June 3, 1828. Assessor.

Note— This year the name of Cyrus Butler appears in the list for
Florence, capital $500.

LIST FOE 1829.

John v. Vredenburgh, Norwalk 81,000

Wm. C. Spolden. " ." 750

Baker & Kimball, " 1,500

Piatt Benedict & Co , " l^SOO

Picket Latimer, " a^OOO

Tilden & Kittridge, " 'lOo

John Wliyler, " 250

Philo Adams,

June 3, 1829. County Assessor.

Note— Butler does not appear on the list this year.
LIST FOR 1830.

Cyrus Butler & Co., Norwalk gl^Ooo

Baker & Kimball, " ' i^goo

P. Latimer & Co., •' llsoo-

Tilden & Kittridge, ' '15O

John Whyler, •' 5OO

Geo. Sheffield,
June 1, 1830. Assessor, Huron County.

NoTE-The name of John V Vredenburgh appears in the list for
Florence, capital S«00.

LIST FOB 18:JI.

Baker & Kimball. Norwalk S2,000

Buckingham & Sturges, Norwalk 1,500

David H. Fitch, " since April 1 1,500

P. Latimer & Co.. " 2,300

John Whyler, since April 1 1,200

Attest : Geo. Sheffield, Assessor.

Note— This year the name of Cyrus Butler appears as a merchant in
Florence, wi'h a capital of 5800, and J. V. Vredenburgh, with a capital

of sroo.

No further lists of this kind have been found, and
it is probable that the practice of a general listing of
merchants was abandoned after 1831, and the present
mode of assessment adopted.

In addition to the list for 1828, S. A. Bronsou
advertised in the Xonvalk Reporter of May 31, 1828:

books: ROOKS!

SEVERAL thousand volumes of Books are now received in Norwalk,
among which are as follows- (Here follows a descriptive list.) Sta-
tionery, SiC . , &c. , all o: which will be sold cheap for ready pay, either in
cash or produce, at the market price. Enquire of S. A. BRONSON
immediately under the printing office.
Norwalk, May 27, 1828.

Also, in the issue of the Reporter of April .i, 1828,
Aurelins Mason advertised:

JUST received

AND for sale, by .^urelius Mason, Dried Peaches, of an excellent
qualit.v, and a quantity of Stoneware.
Norwalk, April 4, 1828.

In the issue of the Reporter ot June 28, 1828, John
Whyler announces that he "has just opened his shop
in N'orwalk, adjoining the public square, where he
intends keeping at all times a general assortment of
tin ware, which he will sell low for cash, or most
kinds of country produce,"

The history of John Whyler, as a merchant of Xor-
walk, is one of thrift and singular prosperity. The
writer has heard Mr. Whyler relate that he came to
Xorwalk with all his worldly goods packed in a wheel-
barrow. He commenced business here as a peddler of
threads, laces, buttons, etc., in the latter part of
1827, or the early part of 1828, carrying from house
to house his stock in trade iu two tin boxes. His
trade increased so that he soon opened a small store
on the lot now occupied by Mrs. J. JI. Farr, corner
of Pleasant and Main streets. As announced in the
above advertisement, be, in 1828, ojjened a tin shop
adjoining the public square, which was put iu charge
of his son, George Whyler, (father of John 6.
Whyler, the present plumber of Norwalk). Iu 1830,
the store was removed to the building occupied by the
tin shop, and a general stock of merchandise opened
up. The place of business was then known as "The
Red Store." From this location he removed his busi-
ness as ;i general merchant, some years afterwards, to
the lot on the northwest corner of Main and Prospect
streets, where, in company with his sons, John, Jr.,
and Edward, he for many years, and until about
1849, carried on a very extensive and general mer-
cantile business.

This place of business was called "The Old For-
tress," and in the palmy days of the grain traffic at
Milan, the streets of Norwalk were, year after year,
in the grain season, filled and almost blockaded by

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

two, four, six, eight and ten horse teams attached to
"Pennsylvania Schooners," (as tliose immense canvas
covered grain wagons were called,) while their owners
were making purchases to carry home. Those "team-
sters" came from all the territory south from here to
Franklin county, and a very large proportion of them
would buy their "store goods" of no one but "Ole
AVyler."

He was a bluff, bow-legged, corpulent, jolly, wide-
awake Englishman, and the hearty, "hail-fellow,
well-mef manner of the man won the hearts and
the trade of the "Pennsylvania Dutch" farmers of
Central Ohio.

The successful opening of tlie Sandusky, Mansfield
& Newark Rail Road and the Cleveland, Columbus
& Cincinnati Rail Road killed Milan and "The Old
Fortress."

Mr. Whyler was born in Lincolnshire, England,
and there commenced business as a baker, in which
he proved a failure; then he emigrated and settled in
Cleveland, Ohio, but continued only a short time;
from there he came to Norwalk. and remained uniil
his death.

VILL.\(4E INCORPOKATEI).

Norwalk was incorporated by Act of Legislature,
February 11, 1828. The following are the two first
sections of the act of incorporation:

Section I . Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio,
That so much of the township of Norwalk, in the county of Huron, as
lies within the following boundaries, to-wit: Commencing at the stuth
east corner of the lown plat of Xorwalk, in the center of the road lead-
ing to Medina, running alcing the south side of the back alley as far ao
it extends, from thence in the same direction to the center of the road
passing Widow Tice's dwelling, a distance of two hundred and sixteen
rods from the starting point; thence alongthe center of said road forty ;
rods; thence northeastwardly and parallel with the first line to the
center of the road passing Ebenezer Lane's dwelling to Milan, a distance
of two hundred and sixteen rods; thence along the center of said road
forty rods to the place o£ beginning, be and the same is hereby created
a town corporate, and shall henceforth be known and distinguished by
the name of the town of Xorwalk.

Sec i- That it shall be lawful for the white male inhabitants of said
town, having the quaUflcations of electors of members of the General
Assembly, to meet at some convenient place in said town, on the first
Monday of May next, and the first Monday of May annually thereafter,
and then and there proceed, by a plurality of votes, to elect by ballot
one mayor, one recorder and five trustees, who shall have the qualifica-
tions of electors; and the persons so elected shall hold their office for
one year, and until their successors shall be chosen and qualified, and
they shall constitute the town council.

FIRST CORPOKATIGX ELECTION.

The fdllowiiig i.-; taken from the first pages of the
first book of record of the corporation of Norwalk,
and comprises the poll-book and tally sheet of the
first election held as tin incorporated village:

Poll-book of the election held in the town of Norwalk, in the county
of Huron, and State of Ohio, this fifth day of May, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty -eight. Joseph C. Curtiss
Benjamin Carmon and Wm. Gallup, judges, and Geo. T. Buckingham,
clerk, of this election, were severall.v sworn as the law directs previous
to their entering on the duties of their respective offices.

;Vo.

of Names of Electon

1. James Williams.

2. Wm H. Hunter.

3. Ichabod Marshall.
J. EriKeeler.

5. Halletc (iallup

Voter.

Xamesof Electors.

36. Geo. Gauff.

37. Henry Tice.

38. Piatt Benedict,

39 Seth Jennings.

40 Geo. T. Buckingha

41 Samuel Preston.

42 Daniel G. Eaitt.

43. Thadeus B. Sturges.

44- Jacob Wilson.

45. John V. Vredenburgh.

40. Leverett Bradley.

47. Ozias S. Baker.

48 William Gallup.

49. Joseph C. Curtiss.

50. Benjamin Carmon.
51 Josiah L. Bottsford.

52. Abraham Emmet.

53, Wm. C. Enos.
54- Aurelius Mason.
55. James Minshall.
56 Joseph Mason.

67. Frederick Forsythe.

58. Asahel W. Howe.

59. Michael F. Cisco.

60. Wm. JI. Newgent.

61 . Charles Slocum.

62. Picket Latimer.

63. John Felton.

64. Lewis M. Howard.

65. Cyrus Butler.

66. Jonas B. Benedict.
67 John Ford.

68. Jonas Denton -
69- John Knott.

imber of electors at this election

WlLLIiM GiLLCP.

B. Carmon,

Judges of Election.

The following is a copy of the ttiUy sheet of this
election, with the certificate of tiie judges of the
election :

Names of persons voted for and for what offices, containing the num-
ber of votes for each candidate.

6. Moses Kimball.

7. Pelatiah Strong.

8. Daniel Tilden.

9. John P. McArdle.

10. Wm. Haughton.

11. Sherlock A. Bronson.

12. Zachariah Marvin.

13. Sam B. Ames.

14. Levi Wilson.

15. Barton Sweet,

16. John V. Sharp.

17. John G. Taylor.

18. Henry Buckingham.

19. Isaac M. Wilson.

20. Joseph Wilson.

21 . Joseph H. Wilson.

22. Denison Clark.

23. John Ebbett, Jr.

24. Cira Collins.

25. Benjamin Junkins.

26. Henry Hurlbert.

27 . Nelson Haughton -
58 John Ebbert.

29, Nathan Sweet.

.30. Charles Lindsay.

31. Wm. Taylor,

32. John P. Savin.

33. Barney Carkhoof.

34. John Miller.

35. Enos Gilbert.

James Williams. 41 '

William H. Hunter, 26 i

RECORDER.

John V. Vredenburgh. i

TRUSTEES.

Samuel Preston, 38 vote

Henry Buckingha
Lewis M. Howard. 28
Isaac M. Wilson, 26 vc
Daniel E. Raitt, 27 vol
William Gallup, 1 voti
Isaac Wilson, 1 vote.

Picket Latimer, 40 votes.

Frederick Forsythe, 39 votes. Henry Buckingham, 41 '

Daniel Ti!den,'41 votes.

Cyrus Butler, 31 votes.

Charles Lindsny. 29 votes

Jonas Benedict, 1 vote.

L. M. Howard, 2 votC!^.

We do hereby certify that James Williams had forty-one votes, and
William H. Hunter had twenty-six votes, for mayor; and that Leverett
Bradley had thirty-seven votes, and John G. Vredenburgh ha 1 thirty
votes, for recorder; and that Picket Latimer had forty votes. Samuel
Preston had thirty -eight votes, Frederick Forsythe had thirty -nine votes,
Henry Buckingham had forty-one votes Daniel Tilden had forty-one
votes, Lewis M. Howard had twenty eightTotes. Cyrus Butler had thirty-
one votes, Isaac M. Wilson had twenty-six votes. Charles Lindsay had
twenty-nine votes, Daniel G. Raitt had twenty-seven votes, Jonas Bene-
dict had one vote. William Gallup had one vote. L. M. Howard had two
votes, and Isaac Wilson had one vote, for trustees.

Bex.7. Carmon,
Wm. Gallup,
Attest: Joseph C. Cvrtiss,

Geo, T, Buckingham, Judyes of Election.

Clerk.

The first meeting of the town council took place on
May 8, 1828, at which time the members were duly
(jualified, after which Ichabod Marshall was appointed
treasurer, and John Miller, marshal.

Council again met May lil. and appointed James
Williams, Frederick Forsyth and Picket Latimer, a
conimittee to draft ti code of by-laws and report at
the next meeting.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

On May 3(), council met to receive the report of tlic
conmiittee on by-laws. At thi.s meeting Eri Keeler
was appointed pound-keeper, and authorized to build
a public pound. This meeting was adjourned to
June 6, and from that date again to June 10.

At the meeting of Juue 10, a long ordinance of five
sections was adopted : the substance of which was
that "no hog or hogs, shoat or shoats, pig or pigs,"
should be allowed to run at large within the limits
of the corporation. This ordinance was repealed May
20, 1835, as appears in the record book, page 59.

No further record of meetings of the council is en-
tered until that of April 6, 182'.».

The poll book of the election held May 4, 182!l,
contains the names of twenty-eight electors. The
officers for the ensuing year were, Frederick Forsyth,
mayor ; John Miller, recorder ; Mathew Callaway,
Lewis M. Howard, Thaddeus B. Sturges, Moses Kim-
ball and William M. Newgent, trustees.

The first book of the records extends to the year
1840, the last meeting of the council, that is recorded,
being held April 25, of that year.

At the election held the first Monday in May. of
that year, Piatt Benedict was elected mayor ; J. Sid-
ney Skinner, recorder ; F. Wickham, assessor ; Tim-
othy Baker, John Kennan, John Beebe, Robert Mor-
ton and John Cline, Tx-ustces.

The elections in those days were held at the
"Council House," which stood where "Whittlesey
Block" now stands ; it was a one story frame building
of about twenty-four by forty feet, with about twelve
feet of the north part partitioned off for a council-
room, the front part being used for the storage of the
old rotary pump fire engine, a two-wheeled hose-cart
and some massive hooks and ladders that required
great strength to handle. The old, black, home-
made hearse, for many years owned and driven by Eri
Keeler, used to be kept there too. For a number of
years previous to 1850, Benjamin Shipley used the
council-rcom as a barber shop. The old building was
moved away in 1854 to give place to Whittlesey Block.
At the corporation election held in April, 18T9,
there were one thousand and forty-eight votes polled.
The present (1879) corporation officers are : S. P.
Hildreth, mayor ; W. Y. Watrous, clerk ; £. A.
Pray, solicitor ; Wm. Suhr, treasurer ; Jefferson
Barber, marshal ; H. P. Smith, street commissioner ;
C. J. Baldwin, Ira T. Couclin, Col. J. A. Jones, J.
B. Millen, J. A. Nichols, S. S. Wing, councihnen.

FUGITIVE SLAVES.

In October, 1842, five men, three women and four
children, all but one members of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, and residents of Campbell county,
Kentucky, concluded to emigrate to Canada. They
crossed the Ohio river and took passage on the "Under
Ground Railroad," the earliest, most economical and
efficiently managed railroad in the State of Ohio, and
had progressed on their journey so far as Fitchville. i
in this couuty,^a station on that road, R. Palmer, |

agent, — when they were arrested by virtue of a war-
rant, issued by Samuel Pennewell, Esq., a justice of
the peace, of Norwalk township, under what was then
called the "Black Law," and brought to Norwalk,
on November 2nd, charged with being fugitive slaves.
Mr. Pennewell was not in sympathy with the "Black
Law," and had publicly stated that he should require
the most conclusive evidence of not only ownership,
but birth in slavery; and that, before he would issue
an order for their rendition, the testimony would
have to be so conclusive that it would suffice to estab-
lish the legitimacy of a royal heir to his throne.

In consequence of Mr. Pennewell's expressed views,
no doubt, a writ of liabeas corpus was taken out, and
the examination removed from before Esquire Penne-
well and brought before A. G. Sutton, then an Asso-
ciate Judge of the Common Pleas Court, and resulted
in five of the fugitives being remanded back to
slavery; but, for technical insufficiency in the testi-
mony, no order was given against the others, but they
were held to await the procuring of further testimony
from Kentucky.

Discouraged by the order against five of their party,
the other seven then gave up the contest and con-
sented to be taken back.

Two of them were claimed by one part}-, three by
another and seven by a third.

The owners were represented here by an agent, or
"slave hunter," who, it appears, was assisted by par-
ties living in Ohio, of whom the citizens of Fitchville
say, in one of many resolutions adopted by them
November 9, 1842, and signed "Stephen Pomeroy.
moderatoi-, and E. A. Pray, secretary:"

"Be it therefore resolved * * * that a large
majority of our worthy citizens feel grieved that a
Kentucky slaveholder, with a number of bought up
(what is called here) Ohio blood hounds, or slave-
catchers, should be secretly quartered among us, for
the purpose of carrying their nefarious purposes into
operation. "

At that time Edward E. Husted was sheriff of
Huron -county, and he refused to have the fugitives
confined in the jail. They were consequently kept
at the old "Goff House," (which stood where the
Congregational Church now is,) under an armed
guard, for about one week, and until the close of the
examination.

On Sunday morning, after the order of rendition
had been given, they were ironed, loaded on to a four-
horse stage and taken through Main street on their
way back to — no one here knows ic/iai.

Hallet Gallup then lived nest west of the old "Goff
House," which had an upper and lower veranda across
its whole front; the negroes were i)ermitted frequently
to exercise upon the upper one, and a sou of Mr.
Gallup, a little lad, took advantage of those occasions
to throw apples up to them, and for such favors
received as hearty thanks as have ever been tendered
to him since, and by those acts probably won the
confidence of the slaves; at all events, on the Sunday

^:^^

HON. JOHN A. WILLIAMSON,

son of tlie late Jiiines "Williamson and Pliebe Williamson,
anil, on the maternal side, grandson of Abizah GriflBn, one of
the early settlers of Greenwich township, was born Sept. 25,
1842, in the township of New London, Huron Co., Ohio.
His parents were natives of the Empire State, having been
born and reared in Hunter, Greene Co., N. Y., and, removing
to Ohio at a comparative early day, were here married in
the year 1830. His father was a farmer by occupation, and
the subject of this sketch was reared at the family homestead,
the old farm still owned by him, upon which the Williamsons
originally settled, and which lies in the townships of New
London and Fitchville, into the latter of which the residence
was transferred in 1852.

Mr. Williamson's youth was passed in a manner of life
similar to that of many farmer boys, but, possessing a more
than usually vigorous constitution, together with bright and
acute intellectual qualities, he began early in life to manifest
those traits of mind and character which, in their mature
development, have rendered him eminent, professionally and
politically. His was naturally an ambitious nature, and so it
happened that he could not be satisfied with the education
gained in the common schools, but when he had passed
through their course of study, ehose to avail himself of further
opportunities and fit himself for the occupation of higher
positions in life than he could attain to without so doing.

At the age of sixteen years he entered upon a course in the
preparatory department of Oberlin College, and two years
later he became a member of the Freshman class of that insti-
tution of learning. He remained until the completion of the
Sojihomore year, 18G2, when that one of many exciting war
alarms, the news that the Confederate Gen. Kirby Smith
was about to make a raid upon Cincinnati, was flashed through
the loyal North, and a call was made for the minute-men of
the State to rally to the protection of its chief city. Mr.
Williamson, being a strong supporter of the Union sentiment,
and feeling that be should do anything that lay within his
means to assist the overthrow of the power which menaced
our free soil, notwithstanding the reluctance of parental
solicitude for the safety of an only child, went out as one of
that hastily-summoned and quickly-prepared body of men,
as did also many of his class.

After returning from the service of that brief campaign,
which by no means, however, promised to be short, he asked
for and received an honorable dismissal from Oberlin, and be-
came a member of the Junior class at Yale, from which col-
lege he graduated with honors in the year 18G4. Immediately
after finishing his academic course he entered upon the study
of law in the Law School of the University of New York, at
Albany, from which he graduated in 18G5. The time inter-
vening between this date and 1807 was spent in a law-office
in Cincinnati, and in traveling and general reading.

On the 9th of February, 1867, he became deputy clerk of
courts in Huron County, under A. B. Griffin, Esq., clerk,
which position he held until his resignation, in 1868, for the
purpose of entering into a partnership for the practice of law
with Hon. W. S. Tennant, at East Saginaw, Mich. In 1869
he removed from East Saginaw to Toledo, where he resided
until the spring of 1871, when he removed to Norwalk, in his
native county. At this point he has since lived prominently
in the eye of the public, and in such manner as to have no
cause to fear its watching. He engaged in the practice of his
profession, and followed it assiduously and uninterruptedly
until 1877, when he was elected to the Legislature as a mem-
ber of the House of Representatives from Huron County.

Politically, Mr. Williamson is a Republican, and an earnest
supporter of the men and measures of that party. He has
been a worker for the success of principles and of the best men
in the party, rather than a seeker of political preferment for
himself. Ho has not sought place, and in accepting it has
only done so in response to the clearly expressed will of his
friends and the suffrage of the people.

Mr. Williamson is a man of fine as well as forcible intel-
lectual qualities, an extensive reader and close thinker, of a
remarkably practical cast of mind, and yet, withal, alive to
whatever there is of beauty in the many refinements of sur-
roundings and of being. He is cautious but firm in his
judgments, and reliable. In manner he is social and friendly,
and he possesses qualities that readily win admiration and
respect, whether from his political compeers, or his private
companions and acquaintances.

He was married to Miss Celestia N. Tennant, of Camden,
Lorain Co., Ohio, Jan. 19, 1869.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

141

before they were taken away, he was engaged in
throwing them apples again, when one of them, a
large and powerful man, stepped near the railing and
threw something which sparkled and flashed in the
sunlight as it came through the air and fell into the
tall grass at the lad's feet. The guards were near,
and a crowd of boisterous men were gathered on the
lower porch. Fearing detection, the boy took no no-
tice of what had been thrown him, but soon went
and informed his father of what had occurred. That
night Mr. Gallup went, and, searching through the
grass, found a large silver -handled double-edged
'•bowie knife,'" with a silver-trimmed leather sheath.
About one year afterwards, a constable of Norwalk
called on Mr. Gallup and demanded the knife, saying
he had a search warrant for it. Mr. Gallup stepped
to the large old-fashioned "fire-place," and picking
up an iron poker, turned and asked the constable if
that wa'nt the knife he was .looking for; but the
valiant officer at once became anxious to go back to
the justice that issued the warrant so as to return it
"not found.'" Suit was then commenced before a
justice against Mr. Gallup for the value of the knife;
but upon his demanding a jury trial, it was with-
drawn, and nothing further was done about it. That
cruel, blood-stained knife is now in possession of a
son of Hallet Gallup.

In the volume on "Population and Social Statis-
tics," United States Census of 1870, on page fifty-six,
it is stated that the free colored population of Huron
county, Ohio, was in 1820, seven; in 1830, fifty-six;
in 1840, one hundred and six; in 1850, thirty-nine;
in 1860, seventy-nine; and in 1870, two hundred.
From this it will be seen, that in the decade from
1840 to 1850, the colored population of Huron county
decreased from one hundred and six to thirty-nine,
or nearly two-thirds — proliably in consequence of the
fear of being claimed and sent south as slaves — a fear
engendered by this inhuman violation of personal
liberty, which was sanctioned by law and submitted
to by the freemen of the north in 1843. It will fur-
ther be noticed, that after slavery had been abolished,
and terror of the " black law "" no longer hung as a
sable pall over the land, in the decade from 1860 to
1870, the colored population increased from seventy-
nine to two hundred, or niore than two and a half
times, and probably a greater part of this increase
occurred after the close of the war in 1865. The
people of Norwalk and of the whole North were never
in sympathy with slavery nor the fugitive slave law,
but they were law abiding, and submitted to the
decrees of the courts. The question is pertinent: have
the people of the old slave States ever, even to this
day, shown a like submission to law?

FIRE DEPARTMENT.

Norwalk having been incorporated in 1828, one of
tlie first acts of its first council was to provide the
newly organized village with some eflicient method for
extinguishing fires. Muscle then was paramount.

and the only machine accessible was the bucket; con-
sequently the first organization was known as the
"bucket brigade.'" The first ordinance required that
each property owner on Main street should keep a
certain number of leathern buckets, suitably num-
bered, and lettered with the owner's name, and hung
in the building as assessed, convenient for use, usu-
ally in the front hall. Some of these old buckets are
still in existence, and might have been seen hanging
up to a recent date in the hall entrance of Judge
Stickney's office. The judge was an efficient and
"leading engine" in that organization. One is now
in possess"ion of C. H. Gallup, Esq., marked "P.
Benedict," who was one of the members of the brigade.
This organization was well disciplined, and at the first
"blowing of the horn," which was then the alarm,
every man was on hand with his buckets, and two
lines were formed from the burning building to the
nearest water, and the "stream" passed from hand to
hand, in these buckets, the second line returning the
empty ones. Every man was then a fireman, and
worked with a will and efficiency that might well he
imitated with more modern ajipliances and by more
elaborate organizations. But it formed the germ from
which has sprung a company that stands at the head
of its class and department in the United States, the
"Rescue" hook and ladder company, now holding the
championship belt and gold prizes won at Chicago in
1878, of which we will speak hereafter.

Following closely upon this first step was the con-
struction of town wells, designed only for fire pur-
poses, and mainly planked Or timbered up, one of
which may still be seen at the corner of Railroad ave-
nue and Monroe street, but the first were located on
Main street. As time passed and the village increased
in population, it was thought best to purchase a ma-
chine, but, as it could not be reached by taxation, a
subscription was started for that purpose, and the
project was successful. After doing years of service
this old engine was passed over to the "boys," many of
whom are now middle-aged business men, and remem-
ber with much pride their first "playing firemen"
with the old machine. Then the " Champion" was
purchased, and the department more efficiently or-
ganized; but as yet there was but one company, con-
trolled by a chief engineer, one foreman with two
assistants, etc. In 1854, the Whittlesey block was
erected, and the corporation built in connection with
the other owners of rooms the north room on the
ground-floor of said building and dedicated it to the
use of the department; and it was so used by them as
their headquarters, in connection 'with a rented hall
above, until June, 1877, when the new hall on Sem-
inary street was taken possession of and dedicated,
and the rented room given up.

Many j'ears previous to this, however, the needs of
the village had outgrown the "Champion," and the
"Phaniix" engine was purchased. As yet but one
company existed, nearly all the members of Avhich
transferred their aifections to the new engine. At

142

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

tlie head of tlie department witli this new engine,
stood E. 0. Hill (afterwurds mastt-r mechanic at the
railroad shops), as chief engineer, and many vere the
tilts he had with other departments and engines of
the State, in most cases successfully. Under his
management the department attained a great degree
of efficiency, which it maintained up to its disband-
ment in 1.S73. It had furnished its hall creditably —
had quite a large library, many good pictures, and
much other property incident to that department,
and its company numbered about sixty.

The increase of risks to property in the corporation,
consequent upon its extending its limits', and the
natural decrease of the water, had forced upon the
citizens the necessity of procuring some more abun-
dant supply and efficient protection, and they very
wisely combined the two in the adoption of their
present system of water works. This system em-
braced the supply and protection principles, and very
largely superseded the hand engines then in use, and
necessitated the reorganization of the whole depart-
ment, or rather the creation of a new one to harmon-
ize, in its workings, with the changed order of things.
The project of a change met with the most violent
opposition from the old company, and eventuated in
their ignoring the whole thing, and refusing, almost
to a man, to have anything to do with it; but an ordi-
nance was passed dividing the village into five fire
districts, each district to organize a company consisting
of fifteen men, and they to elect of their own number
a foreman and one assistant, and also to designate one
man as policeman, who is to be called into active
service in emergencies by the mayor. In addition to
these five companies there was created a hook and
ladder company of twenty members, with like officers,
making the whole department for actual service con-
sist of six companies, with a total of about one
hundred men. The force is under the direct man-
agement of a chief engineer appointed by the council,
who is paid fifty dollars a year for his services — the
only man of the whole force that is paid — the depart-
ment being otherwise volunteers. This arrangement
has proved entirely satisfactory, and the organization
is one of the most efficient and successful in the State,
or, in fact, in the United States, of its class, as the
record of the " Rescues," the hook and ladder com-
pany, has demonstrated.

In September of 1878, the first national tourna-
ment of volunteer firemen was held at Chicago, and
among its j)rizes offered was a championship belt of the
United States with a cash prize of five hundred dol-
lars in gold, and several individual prizes of less value.
The "Rescues" of Xorwalk had made an enviable
record in the State contests during the season and
desired to take part in the national contest, but re-
ceived no encouragement or assistance from the city
council. They therefore appealed direct to the citi-
zens, who generously contributed the funds necessary
to make the trial, and they entered the contest. This
tournament lasted the whole of one week, and was

participated in by all the various dei)artments of the
volunteer service of the United States. The contest
of hook and ladder comiDanies was to make a run of
three hundred yards — a trifle more than fifty-five rods
— running their trucks loaded with the full service of
ladders, and all other apparatus necessary for efficient
work at a fire, to raise a thirty foot ladder, a man of
the company making the full run with them and
climbing from the ground to the top.

In this contest there were twelve competing com-
panies, among whom were the champions of Illinois
and Indiana, who had been under training for months
for the struggle. There were to be two runs made by
each company, and the average time taken to decide
it. The first run was made by the •' Monmouths,'
the champions of Illinois, who made it in forty-nine
and one-half seconds, the fastest time then ever made.
The "Rescues" next went over the course and made
the run in forty -eight, seconds, beating their strongest
competitors a second and a half, and making the
fastest time now on record. The other companies in
the contest made runs varying in time from fifty to
sixty-eight and three-fourths seconds, a difference in
time of more that twenty seconds. After an interval
of two hours the second runs were made, when the
"Rescues" met with an accident to their climber,
who, when near the top of the ladder, made a misstep
and partial fall that lost him a second and a half,
making their time forty-nine seconds, while their
competitors had reduced theirs to forty-eight and a
half seconds, leaving the "Rescues" a clear second
ahead and the winners of the prize, the two runs of
the "Rescues" being ninety-seven seconds, while those
of the " Monmouths," their closest contestants, made
ninety-eight.

The company met with a perfect ovation on their
return home. Toledo felt that they had an interest
in them, advancing as they had the credit of the
State of Ohio. They were met by that department,
taken in carriages and driven over the city. At home
they were received by almost the entire population —
drawn by their comrades through the city, and given a
public dinner. The employes of the railroad gave them
their heavy mounted cannon and their large national
flag, and in all this whirl and excitement they realized
the responsibility of their position as champions of
the United States, and conducted themselves in ac-
cordance with that responsibilty.

Each of these five fire districts is provided with a
neat hose house, besides the large building and hall for
the head(piarters of the department for general meet-
ings. The first floor of this building is used by the
hook and ladder company in storing their trucks and
apparatus, and also a hand engine, of which they have
control, for emexgencies outside of the water works
limits. Each of the.other five companies is provided
with fine hose trucks, uniforms, etc. All the ai>pli-
ances necessary for efficiency and for service depend
entii'ely upon the water works, located two miles
away — but connected with the department by tele-

HISTORY OF HUKON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

143

graph and telephone — and which during their eight
years of existence have never failed them.

Norwalk may well fell proud of her fire department,
and need not hesitate to compare it with any in the
larger cities of the State.

WATER WORK.S.

The citizens of Norwalk, as the town increased to
a goodly size, felt the need of a more adequate sup-
ply of water for all purposes, than could be obtained
from wells and cisterns, and in 1869, or before that
time, the question of erecting a system of water
works began to be agitated. Meetings were, held, and
the council engaged the services of an engineer to
make surveys with such an object in view in the
future. It was found impracticable to adopt the re-
servoir system, which was at first proposed. Surveys
were made at Maxville, but would require seven miles
of pipe. For similar reasons other places, where
water could be procured, were discarded. A com-
mittee was appointed by the village council to visit
Kalamazoo, Michigan, and examine into the Holly
.system of water works, which had been adopted, and
were in use in that city. They were well satisfied with
the results of their examination, and on their retui-n
the council passed an ordinance which was published
December 20, 1809, submitting the question of es-
tablishing the Holly system of water works, to a
popular vote, the cost of the same not to exceed
seventy-five thousand dollars. A meeting of the
citizens was called at the court house, January 28,
1870, which was enthusiastic in favor of the proposi-
tion. The election to decide the question was held
February 7th, and resulted in a vote of five hundred
and eighty in favor to twenty-one against. The pro-
position was to issue bonds fur the whole amount, the
same to run not to exceed fifteen years at seven per
cent, interest. It being feared after the vote was
taken that the bonds could not be negotiated with
but seven per cent, interest, it was thought best to
again submit it to the people, with a change in the
rate of interest the bonds were to bear, to eight
cent. The requisite notice was given, and the second
election was held April 30, 1870, resulting in three
hundred and ninety in favor of the works, to thirty-
eight against.

The erection of water works Ijeiug determined on,
three trustees were elected at the regular time of hold-
ing elections, April i, 1870; the members elected be-
ing 0. A. White, S. J. Patrick and John Gardiner.
On June 1st, a contract was entered into by the village
of Norwalk and the Holly Manufacturing Company,
of Lockport, New York, for suitable machinery for the
purpose desired, the water capacity to be not less than
two million gallons every twenty-four hours, and the
machinery to be shipped on or before August 15, 1870.
Work was at once begun on a well, filters, and a brick
house for the machinery, which wej-e erected at a cost
of four thousand dollars. The work of laying pipe
was also commenced, but was not completed until the j

spring of 1871. It had been decided to procure the
water from the east branch of the Huron river, some
two miles west from the courthouse. The machinery
was duly placed in position, and on March 30, 1871,
a test of the working of the machinery was made.
A committee of citizens was invited by the council to
visit the works. Visitors were also present from
Sandusky, Milan, Fremont, Adrian, Michigan, Mans-
field and other places. The test proved entirely satis-
factory, and was duly reported in the leading papers
of this portion of the State. The citizens, one and
all, took great pride in the fact of the establishment
of a water works system in the beautiful village, their
home.

The building for the machinery is fifty-four by
fifty-eight feet. The machinery comprised three
engines, one being a rotary for reserve purposes, the
others double-cylinder piston engines. Two boilers
furnished steam, and six gang pumps forced the water,
which runs through a filter of stone, charcoal and
coarse sand, into a well twenty-five feet deep and
twenty-two feet wide, capable of holding fifty-six
thousand gallons of water. A telegraph line runs
from the works to town; there is also a telephone
attached to the wire.

It was found, after a while, that the Holly engines
were not satisfactory, and, in the spring of 1878, two
new Worthington low-pressure engines and pumps
were placed in position, and were tested, in presence
of the trustees, April 22, 1878, proving entirely
satisfactory.

The cost of the Holly works was a little more than
ninety-six thousand dollars, and the new Worthington
engines and pipes have cost fourteen thousand dollars
more, making a total cost of about one hundred and
ten thousand dollars. In the near future it will be
necessary to replace the main jjipe with a larger size,
as the one now in use causes a great loss in pressure
from its being too small. At the present time, it
requires a pressure of one hundred and sixty-five to
one hundred and eighty-five pounds at the works to
produce ninety to ninety-seven and one-half at the
court house, which is elevated about fifty feet above
the works and two miles distant. The system, as
a whole, has proved a good investment to Norwalk,
and such defects as it may have will, in time, tie
remedied.

The number of water takers, the 1.5th of May, 1879,
was about three hundred and seventy-five. There arc
now in place, for use, some ninety hydrants, about
fourteen miles of street mains, and two tanks for the
use of the traveling public in watering their teams.

The power at the water works is utilized instead of
fire engines, in case of fire on any of the streets in
the village. As soon as an alarm is sounded, the
signal for fire pressure to be applied is sent over the
wire to the engineer at his post, at the water works
building. The fire companies respond to the alarm,
and as soon as the hose are attached to the hydrants,
powerful streams of water can be thrown; thus the

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

water works power answers the same pui-pose as half
a dozen fire engines, and at no additional cost.

Many of the citizens have small rubber hose, which
can be attached to the pipes in their yards and used
to water the flowers, the lawn and garden, and some-
times to settle the dust on the street. Different forms
of lawn sprinklers are used, some of them producing
a beautiful spray, and serving the purpose of a foun-
tain. In addition to these fi.Ktures, there are a num-
ber of fine private fountains, in different parts of the
village, the power for which is furnished by the aid
of the heavy engines, located two miles distant.

The present (1879) officers of the works are as
follows: W. A. Mack, president; W. A. Mack,
J. M. Crosby, David Stoutenburgh, trustees; M. Y.
Watrous, secretary; U. Pritchard, superintendent.

CEMETERY ASSOC'IATION.

The subject of a new cemetery began to agitate the
minds of the citizens during the winter of 1854,
and a notice was posted calling a meeting for the jjur-
Ijose of organizing a cemetery association. This
meeting was called at seven o'clock, p. m., February
1st, in the Court House, the notice being signed by
C. L. Boalt, Samuel T. Worcester and C. L. Latimer
as committee, they having been appointed at a pre-
liminary meeting held previously. At this meeting
articles of association were presented. Another
meeting was held at the same place February 22d,
at which time an organization was effected under the
statutes of Ohio, the. same to be known as the Nor-
walk Cemetery Association. The following trustees
were elected: C. L. Latimer, S. T. .Worcester, Henry
Brown, John Titt't and Giles Boalt. At a meeting of
the trustees, held March 1, 1854, at the office of S.
T. Worcester, John Tifft was elected president, and
H. Brown, clerk and treasurer. Mr. Tifft has con-
tinued as president of the association to the present
time, and for a number of years has also held the
offices of secretary, treasurer and superintendent.
The present officers of tiie association are John Gar-
diner, Theo. Williams, Henry Brown, D. D. Benedict,
and John Tifft, trustees, tlie Litter liolding all the
offices of the board.

The original members of tjie association at its
formation, as shown l)y the signatures to its articles,
were H. Brown, Siiepherd Patrick,* John Tifft,
George H. Safford, Jairus Kennan,* John H. Foster,*
Joel E. Mead.* Samuel T. Worcester, 0. G. Carter,
C. E. Pennewell, G. T. Stewart, 0. Jenny, C. L.
Latimer, M. Olnistead, Nathan Wooster.* C. E.
Newman, E. E. Husted,* Cyrus Lyman,* Stephen
Boalt, Jos. M. Farr,* John" Whitbeck, Russel M.
Wheeler,* Isaac Underbill and D. D. Benedict.

The i)roperty s'elected for the purpose by the board
of trustees, was a part of tJie Gibbs' farm, a mile
from town on the old .Medina road, and containing

•Those marked with a • have found a last restiiiKplacc in the grounds
they provided tor at that time

about thirty acres. The original cost was one thou-
sand five hundred dollars, which amount was raised
by subscription. The deed of the property was given
by Henry and Sarah Brown to the association, on the
sixth day of January, 1858. Considerable difficulty was
experienced in raising a sufficient amount of means
to pay for the same, but it was finally accomplished.
Five hundred and thirty-four lots have been sold,
and one thousand one hundred and twelve burials
have taken place to May 9, 1879.

A receiving vault of cut stone and fine architec-
tural design, is now being erected under the charge
of Dr. Tjfft and Theodore Williams, Esq. It is
eighteen by twenty-eight feet over all, and fourteen
by twenty-four feet inside measurement, and will
accommodate twenty-five to thirty caskets.

The first burial in the new cemetery was that of
Herbert Barnhart, aged six months and twenty-four
days, and was on July 13, 1854.

The affairs of the association have always been
managed with marked ability and integrity by its
officers, who have served long and well without fee or
pecuniary reward.

It has now a permanent fund, mostly invested in
real estate security, of about eight thousand dollars,
the interest from which is devoted to repairs arid
improvements.

The grounds upon which the cemetery is laid out,
form part of the Captain John Boalt farm, where the
youthful days of his sons, Charles L. Boalt, John M.
Boalt and their brothers and sisters were passed.
There their sister, Sarah was married to William Gal-
lup, May 2, 1819. John is now postmaster at Sandusky
City, Ohio, and Charles L. and his sister Sarah and
her husband, have come back to their old home to go
hence no more.

From Captain John Boalt the property passed to
Samuel R. Gibbs, grandfather of P. C. Breckenridge,
present sheriff of Huron county, whose family occu-
pied it until purchased for its present use.

But prior to any of these occupants, prior to the
first settlement of the white man in " New Connec-
ticut;" prior to the records of history or tradition, it
was a favorite resort of a race of people whose origin
and fate are shrouded in mystery; that they existed,
and at some time in the unrecorded past fre(|ucnt6d
this beautiful spot, is beyond question, for they left
behind them enduring evidence of their workman-
ship and primitive habits. Nearly forty years ago,
when our present "city of the dead"' was a cornfield,
and the writer a little boy, he gathered many speci-
mens of what are called Indian hatchets and Indian
arrow-heads from that very spot. Now well-kept
avenues and foot-paths, sightly monuments and hum-
ble head stones, ornamental shrubbery and stately
shade trees, and our sacred dead, are there.

Again in the cycles of time it is the resort of an-
other race of people, not with weapons of war and
destruction, but armed with floral tributes and com-
memorative garlands; and tliere, one by one, in end-

JOHN TIFFT, M.D.

The medical profession is the most arduous of all
professions, and particularly is this the case in new and
thinly-settled localities. Therefore, when we find a man
who, for upward of a quarter of a century, and with
persistent perseverance and labor, worked in the capacity
of family and general physician, many traits of character
of an admirable nature are presented. Away back in
1833, when Huron County was comparatively new, and
the country consequently but sparsely settled. Dr. John
Tiflft removed here, and,

until 1859, uninterrupt-
edly practiced medicine
in and around ISTorwalk.

John Tifft is the son
of John and Martha
(Rose) Tifft, the former
of whom was born at
Exeter, R. L, Oct. 11,
1775, and the latter at
Stephentown, Rensse-
laer Co., N. Y., April
26, 1775.

John Tifft, the sub-
ject of this sketch, was
born at Scipio, Cayuga
Co., N. Y., June 11,
1808. He received most
of his literary education
at the district schools,
completing the same at
Auburn Academy. On
leaving the latter insti-
tution he chose the prac-
tice of medicine as a
professi(jn, and entered
the office of Joseph T.
Pitney, M.D., at Au-
burn, for its study. He
remained with Dr. Pit-
ney about two years,
and then attended the
Berkshire Medical Insti-
tute, at Pittsfield, Mass.
(a branch of Williams College), from which
he was graduated with honors, receiving
his diploma, Sept. 5, 1832. He practiced
his profession for about one year in York State, and
then, in 1833, removed to Norwalk, Ohio, where he
commenced a practice which subsequently developed
into an extensive and lucrative business.

From 1833 to 1846, Dr. Tifft continued in the allo-
pathic school, but in the latter year he changed his mode
of practice, and soon became as successful in the homoeo-

pathic as he had been in the regular school. In 1859,
losing his wife, he retired from active work, and has
since attended to the management and supervision of
his property. He is among the oldest living practi-
tioners in Huron County, as he has been among the most
successful. He has been twice married, — first to Louisa
Fitch, of Auburn, N. Y., in May, 1833, who died Sept.
19, 1859; second, to Nancy V. Earl, Nov. 4, 1862, who
is still living. He is a Democrat, and always belonged

to that political faith. In

^^^^^Bj 1860 he was chosen one
■^^^fcl ^^ ^'^® delegates to the
( liarleston and Balti-
iiiMrc Conventions. He
1. 1- held various offices,
I 'iili professional and
political. Hewaselected
one of the trustees of the
Homieopathic Medical
Colk'ge of Cleveland;
W£Ui treasurer of Nor-
walk township for sev-
eral years; a member of
the corporation council,
and mayor of the village
in 1872-73. Hehasoc-
( II pied the offices in the
( 1 metery Association of
I ' ii-ioe, president, secre-
i;ny, and treasurer, and
til liim is due, in a large
measure, the present suc-
cess of that well-man-
aged institution.

In these various posi-
tions of honor and trust
the doctor has invariably
given satisfaction. He
brought the same integ-
rity and ability to the
fulfilment of his various
official duties that made
his professional life both
popular and successful. All public enter-
pri-LS and interests tending to the material
development of the community in which
he has lived so long, and attained a reputation so credita-
able, meets with his ardent support and aid.

He is public-spirited, honest, and fair in his deal-
ings with his fellow-men ; and, though affiliated with
no particular religious denomination, yet he possesses
all the essential qualities of the Christian gentleman and
the enterprising citizen that he is.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

less miirch, we lay away our dead, and as time rolls
on we follow them.

It is a fitting memory to lie recorded that Charles
L. Boalt was the most active member of our commu-
nity in organizing the association and procuring the
site. And Dr. John Tifft, its one president and su-
perintendent, and for some y'ears, also secretary and
treasurer, is entitled to the credit of having carefully
guarded its financial interests, and Judiciously directed
its improvement.

ST. PAUL'S EPISCOPAL.

The cemetery connected with St. Paul's (Episco-
pal) church was one of the very earliest in use for
that purpose in the township. It comprises about
four acres of ground near the center of the village, on
West Main street, and the grass-covered mounds in
this home of the dead, are very thickly strewn over
its surface. At the present time, and since the or-
ganization of the Norwalk cemetery association, this
ground has been but little used. The oldest stone in
the yard bears the following inscription:

CAROLINE TICE,
Died, March, 1820.

AGEDNINEMONTHS.

" I am the first come here to lie
Children and youth prepare to die "

Tlie property on which stands the church and the
ground used for burial purposes, was a part of the
original Starr and Canfield tract, which at an early
day came into the possession of White. Tweedy and
Hoyt, who sold this lot for the above named purpose,
for the sum of sixty-one dollars The deed for this
l>roperty is recorded in volume V. of records, page
610. The grantee in the deed is St. Paul's Episcopal
church.

No record has been preserved of the burials in this
old burying ground, and it is not known how many
there are, and probably it never will lie known until
each grave gives up its dead.

Whole families lie there with no one left to tend
and trim their graves; and the present busy genera-
tion, with all its interests centered upon the ever-
changing affairs of life, passes by unheeding: but
nature, more kind, is rapidly hiding the neglect un-
der a dense copse of hazel and blackberry bushes.

ST. Paul's catholic.

The cemetery belonging to St. Paul's Church,
(German Catholic), was purchased about the year
1870. and comprises a little more than five acres,
situated on South West street. From the date of its
purchase, until the present time, 1879, there have
been about sixty interments.

ST. PETER'S catholic.

St. Peter's cemetery, belonging to the First Uer-
man Catholic Church, was established with the
church in 18-41, the first burial taking place while
the church was in process of construction. Up to

the present time there have been about five hundred
interments.

ST. MAltY's catholic.

The Irish Catholic cemetery, belonging to St.
Mary's parish, is located near the extension of Main
street, at some distance from town. The property
contains about three acres, and was purchased about
1868, since which time it has been used as a church
burial ground.

SOCIETIES.
soldier's aid society.
Very early in the year 1861, the citizens of Norwalk
began to work for the soldiers. A part of the Eighth
regiment had been collected, quartered and drilled
there. On the Sabbath before they left, religious ser-
vices were held in their camps, and the occasion, so
new and affecting, called forth the most profound
sensations of sorrow and apprehension. Some days
previously, the ladies had been engaged in supplying
these soldiers with such necessaries and luxuries as
the deepest interest could suggest. Immediately after
their departure, a society of both sexes was formed,
the object of which was to follow those who went
from the vicinity, with aid and comfort in any form,
and by any means- that could reach them ; thus secur-
ing, as was hoped, an unbroken intercourse with
them. A quai'terly subscription among the gentle-
men, was established, the first installment of which
is dated May 18, 1861. The officers elected were:
Charles B. Stickney, president ; J. C. Curtis, secre-
tary ; David H. Pease, treasurer : Mrs. G. G. Baker.
Mrs. J. W. Baker, Mrs. 0. Jenney. Mrs. C. E.
Pennewell and Mrs. S. T. Worcester, board of direc-
tors — the last named secretary of the board. From
that time till November, 1862, something was contin-
ually being done, but the difficulties in the way of
reaching the regiments, after they went into actual
service, and the consequent irregularity of the quar-
terly payments, seriously obstructed progress. In
the meantime, a society had been organized in Cleve-
land, through which, as a medium, it was believed that
the regiments could be reached. Application was per-
sonally made to that society, by the secretary of the
board, in Norwalk, for assistance in sending a box of
hospital stores to the Eighth regiment, then in West
Virginia ; the surgeon of that regiment having, by
letter, applied for immediate aid. The request was
cheerfully granted ; the box sent, received in time,
and earnest thanks therefor returned. This occur-
ence awakened new life, and eventually led to the
formation, in August, 1863, of the Alert Club, to
collect funds, and in November of the same year, to
the transfer of all the offices to the ladies. At the
time of the transfer, Mi's. J. M. Farr was elected
president ; Mrs. D. H. Pease, secretary ; and Mrs.
T. S. Worcester, treasurer. The work then went on
prosperously, funds were ample, the contributions
sent forward, large and valuable, and mostly trans-

ANSEL BAKER.

Thomas Baker, the father of tlie subject of this
notice, was a native of Massachusetts. In 1803 he
removed with his family to Lafayette, Onondaga
Co., N. Y., where Ansel was born, Aug. 4, 1818,
being the eighth in a family of ten children. Wlien
fourteen years of age he went to live with a married
sister in Lafayette, with whom he remained until
lie was twenty-one. He cast his first vote, at the
Presidential election in 1840, for Gen. Harrison,
and the next day started on his journey to the distant
West, as Ohio was then regarded. After his arrival
there he began to work by the month at the hard
work of clearing of that early time ; working thus
in the summer, and teaching school during the win-
ter months, getting forty dollars for a term of three
months. At the close of his school-teaching he
began work upon the farm for Daniel A. Baker, now
of the First National Bank of Norwalk, at eleven
dollars per month, continuing two years, at the ex-
piration of M'hich he married Martha S. Foster,
daughter of Moses S. Foster, of Peru township,
Huron Co., who came from Vermont in 1832. She
was born Dec. 21, 1823. After his marriage he
rented the farm of his former employer, Mr. Baker,
for two years, when he moved to the farm upon
which he now resides, in the southeast part of Nor-
walk township, having made his purchase some four

or five years previous. When he began there this
part of the township was very new, the nearest im-
provement being that of Ezra Wait, west of him,
which was then the eastern end of the road. His
first purchase of land was fifty-four acres, for which
he paid eight dollars per acre. He has since added,
and now owns two hundred acres, paying seventy
dollars \)ev acre for the last purchase.

His wife died Sept. 20, 1878, having borne him
six children, who are all living: Mary Frances,
born Jan. 11, 1848, married Chester Bobbins in
the fall of 1869, and resides on the southeast corner
farm of this township; Moses F., born Nov. 26,
1849, has his second wife, and lives in Rice Co.,
Kan., where he was one of the first settlers; Nor-
man, born Aug. 26, 1855, married Jennie Adams,
May 15, 1878, and occupies the farm with his father.
Charles Eri, born Jan, 15, 1860, Lewis, born Oct.
4, 1863, and Albert Thomas, born July 21, 1870,
are living at home.

Mrs. Fanny Foster, the mother of the deceased
wife of Mr. Baker, has lived witli her son-in-law
about twenty years. Her husband died a few years
after his settlement in Peru. Mrs. Foster is now
aged nearly eighty-nine years, and is entirely help-
less, having sustained an accident to one of her limbs
some twelve years since.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

147

ber of judicious married ladies. They had, from the
first of September, 1863, to the first of November,
ISC-i, forty-nine different families as beneficiaries,
furnishing to each new material, according to their
need, in value from two dollars and fifty-two cents,
the lowest sum, to sixty-one dollars and nineteen
cents, the highest. Total amount raised during that
time, one thousand eight hundred and forty dollars
and eighty-two cents; total expended; one thousand
four hundred and ninety-six dollars and ninety-nine
cents. They also sent forward various contributions,
as synipathy prompted, to the soldiers. In November
1864:, they organized as a regular soldiers' aid society,
specially voting to retain their own distinctive name.
Officers: Mrs. S. T. Worcester, president: Mrs. T. W.
Christian and Miss S. Rowland, vice-presidents: Miss
Lizzie Gallup, recording secretary; Miss Mary Wick-
ham, corresponding secretary; and Mrs. W. M. Cline,
treasurer. They began this year with three hundred
and forty-three dollars and eighty-three cents, the
overplus of last year. They continued to acquire as
well as expend, so that at their last regular meeting
in May, 1865, they had forwarded in all, thirty-seven
boxes, barrels or kegs, of hospital stores, three hun-
dred dollars in cash, and had in j^ossession or expect-
ancy, four hundred and sixty dollars. To this sum
they added the net gain of a subsequent series of
tableaux, and eventually presented to the young
mens' library, then being established, the sum of nine
hundred dollars. With the remainder they purchased,
framed and suitably lettered the two engravings
entitled "The First Reading of the Emancipation
Proclamation," and " Washington Irving and His
Friends," and presented them to the grammar school,
from which many of their tableau performers had
been taken. Total funds raised and expended, three
thousand nine hundred and thirty-two dollars and
ninety-three cents.

MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION.

The Soldiers Memorial association was organized
to perpetuate the memories of our noble dead, who
served or suffered for our common country during
her wars. The organization was perfected on the
20th of July, 1877, with the following officers: Col.
C. P. Wickham, o.5th 0. V. I., president; Chas. AV.
Lee, U. S. N., vice-president; David T. Hall, Uth
0. V. I., secretary; Baxtor Trevor, treasurer; Col.
H. Kellogg, Mrs. J. F. Dewey, and Miss Lottie Gibbs,
executive committee.

The association has annually decorated the graves
of their fallen comrades, on the 30th of May each
year, with appropriate services.

MASONIC FRATERNITY.
MT. VERXOX LOnOE, SO. O-t, F. AXO A. M.

Dispensation to work was granted by Brother John
Snow, Most Worshipful Grand Master, April 10
1821; the charter was granted December 12, A. L.
5821, A. D. 1821. to Timothy Baker. Piatt Bene-

dict, John D. Haskins, Sehujder Vaurensselaer,
Amos Woodward, Daniel Tilden, Enos Gilbert. Icha-
bod Marshall, David Underbill and David Gibbs.

Worshipful Masters. — Timothy Baker, 1821 to
1825; Piatt Benedict, 1826; Timothy Baker, 1827;
Theodore Baker, 1828; no record from May 26, 1828,
to April 30, 1834; Piatt Benedict, 183-4 to 1841;
Benjamin Carman, 1842; no record from January 24,
1842, to February 26, 1844; James R. Norton, 1844;
Piatt Benedict, 1845; James R. Norton, 1846; John
P. Worstell, 1847; Eli Barnnm, 1848 to 1851; Oliver
True, 1852; M. R. Brailey, 1853 and 1854: S. F.
Rogers, 1855; R. W. Beckwith, 1856; D. M. Bar-
nnm, 1857; Oscar Welch, 1858; Marshall 0. Wag-
goner, 1859; Oscar Welch, 1860; Horace Kellogg,
1861: James S. Felton, 1862; John H. Powers, 1863
to 1865; Oscar Welch, 1866; J. H. F. Weirs, 1867
and 1868; T. P. Bishop, 1869; J. H. F. Weirs, 1870,
T. P. Bishop, 1871 to 1873; 0. A. White. 1874 to
1876; C. M. Wilcox, 1877 and 1878: 0. A. White,
1879.

The present officers are, 0. A. White, W. M. : T.
L. Williams, S. W.: J. D. Cook, J. W.: W. Suhr.
Treas.; G. W. Shultz, Sec; R. H. Burlin, S. D. : J.
H. Weirs, J. D.; P. Ganung, Tyler.

HURON ROYAL ARCH CHAPTER. NO. I.

December 13, 1820, a dispensation was issued by
the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of Ohio to
Timothy Baker, David Underbill, Frederick Fally,
Rodolphus Morse, David Gibbs, Schuyler Vaurensse-
laer. Piatt Benedict, Wm. Hall and Jacques Hubbard,
to form a Chapter of Royal Arch Masons. The
Royal Arch degree was conferred the first time Octo-
ber 25, 1820, upon E. Whittlesey. Samuel Spencer
and Moses Farwell.

December 15, 1821, a charter was issued to the
above named companions, constituting Huron Royal
Arch Chapter, No. 7, in due form. Timothy Baker
appointed First High Priest; David Underbill, First
King; Piatt Benedict, First Scribe.

The first election of officers was held December 20,
1822. Timothy Baker, elected High Priest; David
LTnderhill, King; Piatt Benedict, Scribe; S. Vau-
rensselaer, C. of H. ; E. Cook, P. S. ; Amos Woodward,
R. A. C: J. D. Haskins, 1st V.; M. Farwell, 2nd
v.; L. Fay, 3rd V.; J. Marshall, Treasurer: David
Gibbs, Secretary; H. P. Morse, Guard.

Early in 1822, the subject of building a Masonic
hall was talked of, but did not assume any definite
form until January, 1824, when a committee was
appointed to confer with like committees from JIt.
Vernon Lodge, No. 64, and Norwalk Academy, to
make arrangements to build a Masonic hall. March,
1824, the committee made their report; when the
Chajtter appointed a building committee, with power
to act, and the Treasurer ordered to pay to the build-
ing committee two hundred dollars. Here the pro-
ject seems to have died, as we find no records of any
action tiiereon.

148

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Tlic Chaiik-r held its regular meetiugs iind did a
great deal of work until November, 1828, when, in
consequence of the anti-masonic movement, it sus-
pended work, and sodn after surrendered its charter
to the Grand Chapter.

Timothy Baker was the presiding otticer from the
organization to November, 1827, when Piatt Bene-
dict was elected High Priest, which position he held
at the time the charter was surrendered.

In 1848, the Grand Chapter returned the old
charter to the companions of Huron Rojal Arch
Chapter, when they commenced holding regular
meetings, Piatt Benedict being the High Priest, in
which position he was continued until 1853.

March 1, 1854, a committee was appointed to con-
fer with a like committee from Mt. Vernon Loiige,
No. 64, to make such arrangements as they might
deem proper to build a new hall in the Whittlesey
academy building.

June 24. 1854, St. John's day was celebrated by
laying the corner stone of Whittlesey academy build-
ing. June 24, 1858, the new masonic hall was dedi-
cated.

Since the reorganization in 1848, to the present
time, Huron Royal Arch Chapter, No. 7, has con-
tinued to hold its meetings regularly, and is now in a
flourishing conditiou, numljeriug nearly one hundred
members.

Its present officers are Wm. Suhr, High Priest; T.
P. Bishop, King; 6. M. Darling, Scribe; C. Close,
C. of H.: Wm. Rutherford, P. S.; M. A. Mclntyre,
R. A. C; C. G. Drake, 1st V.; John Pettys, 2nd
v.: A. N. Pebbles, Syd V.: N. H. Pebbles, Treasurer:
J. 1). Cook. Secretary: E. A. Pray, Chaplain: P.
Ganuug. (ruard.

NOR WALK

I IL KUYAL ASI)
KO. 24 F. & A.

iELECT MASTERS

Octoljer 29, A.D. 1855. a dispensation was issued
by the Grand Puissant Grand Master of the Grand
Council of the State of Ohio, directed to Piatt Bene-
dict, Wm. C. Huestis, H. V. Bogart, J. S. Felton,
H. Bromley, Samuel Neff, B. F. Gray, M. R. Brailey,
L. Wood, A. Hamilton, T. Gibson. C. Buck and W.
H. Couch.

October K!. 1857, a charter was issued to the al)Ove
named companions constituting Norwalk Council
Royal and Select Masters, No. 24, in due form. Piatt
Benedict, appointed first "Thrice Illustrious Mas-
ter," in which office he continued until the time of
his death in October, 186C.

Tiie following named companions have been elected:
T. I. Masters, James S. Felton, for the year 1807;
Wm. Suhr, 1868-70; Wm. A. Mack, lS7o"; Coleman
Close, 1871-4; Wm. Suhr, 1874-79. Present officers,
Wm. Suhr, "Thrice Illustrious Master;" George M.
Darling, "Deputy Master;" Nelson H. Pebbles, "Prin-
i-ipal Conductor of the Work;" Horace Kellogg, "Cap-
tain of the Guard:" John H. Pettys, Treasurer; Ethan

1 A. Pray, Recorder: Asher F. Huuland. ■■ ('i)nductor
of tlie Council:"" Peter (Tiiuung. Sentinel.

NORWALK LODGE.

Norwalk Lodge, No. 467. Free and Accepted Ma-
sons, was granted a dispensation by the Most Wor-
shipful Grand Master of the State of Ohio, viz:
Alexander H. Newcomb, on the l-2th day of July, A.
D., 1872, on the petition of George W. Skyrm, S. E.
Carrington, William H. Couch, Walter Pettys, M.
M. Perkins, W. 0. Smith, William Arnold," Omar
Bailey, George M. Darling, H. C. Edwards, Thomas
Smith and Irving K. Cole. The dispensation ap-
pointed Walter Pettys, W. M., S. E. Carrington,
S. W., and George W. Skyrm J. W., until the time
of the regular annual election of officers. The Wor-
shipful Masters of this Lodge have been as follows,
viz: Walter Pettys, from July 12, 1872, to December
12, 1872; William A. Mack, from December, 1872, to
December, 1877; 0. Prentiss, from December, 1877,
to December, 1878, and from December, 1878, now
serving, L. C. Laylin. The officers, in full, at the
present time are as follows: L. C. Laylin, W. M. :
John Harley, S. W. ; A. L. Osborn, J. W. ; George
M. Darling. Treas. : E. W. Gilson. Sec: C. L.
Merry. S. D. : F. H. Boalt. J. D. : Walter Pettys. T.

KNIGHTS TEMPLAR.

Norwalk Commandery, No. 18, Knights Templar,
was organized February 8, 1869, under dispensation
of the Grand Commandery of the State of Ohio, Sir
Heman Ely. of Elyria. being at the time R. E. G.
Commander. The following named Sir Knights wei'e
the charter members: I. S. Felton, M. 0. Waggoner,
J. W. Develin, H. S. Mitchell. J. H. F. Weirs, W.
A. Mack, W. C. Hustis. E. A. Pray. H. 0. Wadlie.
William Suhr, Ira Lake, Major Mclntyre, C. N.
Thorpe. At the next stated meeting of the Grand
Commandery a charter was granted under date of
October 15, 1869. Sir J. S. Felton was appointed
by (rrand Commander Ely first Eminent Commander.
The Commandery now numbers sixty two members,
and the following named Knights are its officers: H.
S. Mitchell, E. C: L. L. Chandler, Gen.: 0. W.
Williams. C. G. : L. C. Laylin, Prelate; C. L. Merrv.
S. W.; M. S. Hill. J. W^; C. R. Bostwick, Treas.:
C. W. Flinn, Rec. : E. A Pray. Std. B. ; 0. Prentiss,
Swd. B.; A. F. Rowland, Warder: Major .Mclntyre.
Sentinel.

IXOEPKN'DEN'T DKDEI

)|) EELLDWS.

Huron Lodge, No. 37. I. O. O. F., was instituted
at Norwalk, April 14, 1845, by authority of a charter
granted Ijy the Right Worthy (irand Lodge of Ohio,
to the following charter members: Liberty Waite,
A. Powers, N. F. Benson, T. C. Evans and Franklin
Parker. And the following members were added by
initiation: Noah Newton, Jr., E. P. Cheescbrongh,
Thomas Powers, Timothy Baker, John F. Day.
Hiram K. Steele, Benj. F. Brown, Erastns Gray,

HISTORY OF HURON AKU ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

149

John S. Roby, William D. Perkins and James Sharps.
The lodge having been thus successfully launched on
its mission of friendship, love and truth, was pros-
perous, aud included in its membership many citizens
of prominence, among others Dr. J. Tifit, 0. B.
Stickney, J. M. Farr, S. L. Hatch, W. W. Redfield,
Hiram Rose, J. F. Dewey, G. T. Stewart, P. N.
Schuyler, J. H. Rule, W. 0. Parker, Franklin Saw
yer, M. F. Wooster, John Cline, S. H. Berry, R. A.
Pantlind, W. 0. Abbott, Edwin H. Brown, B. P.
Smith and many others. Since its organization it
has admitted three hundred and sixty-one members,
and at this date (May 10, 1879,) lias one hundred and
ten members. In furtherance of its charitable mis-
sion it has expended twenty-one thousand dollars;
aud has now invested in real and personal property,
and in its widows' and orphans' fund, about ten
thousand dollars, all of which is pledged to the bene-
ficient purposes of the friendly order of American
Odd Fellowship.

fiOXS OF TEMl'EKASt'E.

The Norwalk Division, Xo. "i-i"!, Sons of Temper-
arice, was chartered aud instituted on the .3d day of
June, 1847, with the following charter members:
Samuel T. Worcester, Geo. T. Cole, James N. Good-
hue, Geo. Gough, Chas. A. Preston, A. E. Berry,
Timotiiy Baker, Jr., Phillip N. Schuyler, Erastus
Gray, Charles E. Penuewell, Henry M. Hotchkiss, A.
S. Curtiss, Gideon T. Stewart, Daniel A. Baker and
Edwin H. Brown. The first elected officers were,
Samuel T. Worcester, W. P.; Daniel A. Baker, W.
A. : Gideon T. Stewart, R. 8. ; E. H. Brown, A. R.
S.; A. S. Curtiss, F. S., Timothy Baker, Jr., Treas. ;
P. N. Schuyler, Con.: A. R. Berry. A. C: Benj.
Ellis, I. S.; Addison C. Brown, 0. 8\

The organization of this division was mainly due
to the enterpiise of Mr. 6. T. Stewart, who is and
always has Ijeeu a zealous worker in the temperance
cause. The division is its own historian. The record
of more than one thousand six hundred meetings,
and of thirty-three years of associated life, with all
their- trials, sacrifices, doubts, fears, hopes and tri-
umphs, lies before us. Thirty-three years ago, on
the first Tuesday evening of -June, 1847, this division
was instituted in the Odd Fellows hall, on Mechanic
street (now Whittlesey avenue). The division con-
tinued to hold its meetings iu that hall for over three,
years, a bond of fraternal sympathy springing up
between the two ordei'S which has continued to this
day. During these three years the division had accu-
mulated sufficient funds to purchase and fit up a hall
for its own use, iu the second story of tlie frame
building then standing next door of the Norwalk
Branch Bank of tlie State of Ohio, on Main street,
over the store occupied by Jeuney & Peters, clothing
store, which was publicly dedicated on the evening of
August 13, 18.50. Here the division lield its meet-
ings for five years, until the morning of October 13,
IS.").!, when the building was discovered to be on fire.

aud all was reduced to ashes — furniture, library,
regalia, books aud papers — except the records of the
recording scribe, which were at his house. The
meetings were held at the county auditor's office for
about four months, aud on February (J, 1850, a new
hall was fitted up over C. E. Newman's store. The
former hall having been insured for about six hundred
dollars, and the division having an interest iu the
ground on which it stood, was enabled to lease the
new hall ou long time, and fit it up in good style.
Here it continued to meet for more than eleven years,
until June, 18G7. when it dedicated a fine hall in the
third story of C. E. Newman's new brick block, and
took a lease for twenty years, which it paid in ad-
vance, and expended about one thousand dollars in
fitting up, finishing it and publicly celebrating its
twentieth anniversary. The number of members in
good standing was five hundred and twenty-two, hav-
ing nearly one-eighth of the entire population of
Norwalk at that timei This number does not include
two hundred and twenty members of the Fifty-Fifth
Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, who were in camp
here, and were initiated before they entered the field.

! Their names remain in perpetual honor on the records
of this division. Of the former members sixty vol-
unteered in the Union army, and a number held
official commissions.

The apathy which fell upon the temperance cause
throughout the country, the financial depression
and political excitement resulting from the war,
caused a decline in the membership, until, in the
spring of 1876, it disposed of its hall and suspended
weekly meetings. During the year ending May 1,
1877, the division held monthly meetings at the

I house of Past Worthy Patriarch Erastus Gray, who
set apart one of his rooms for its use. On the 1st
of May it leased a hall of Mr. Moses Yale, occupied
by the locomotive engineers, and resumed regular
weekly meetings, and in four weeks increased its
membership to fifty-six. Its trustees deeming it
proper leased the large hall in Patrick's block, ad-
joining the Methodist church, for ten years, paying

j the rent in advance for the whole term, and after
suitably fitting it up have saved over five hundred
dollars for future operations. The division now
numbers over two hundred active members, and is

I increasing weekly, ranking as the banner division of

I Ohio, numerically and financially. It has had the

I honor of having three of its members, David H.

! Pease, Tiiomas P. Bishop and Mrs. Harriet N. Bishop,
exalted to the office of grand worthy patriarch of the
State of Ohio. Mrs. H. N. Bishop, the present grand
worthy patriarch, is the first lady who has had this
honor conferred upon her in the international juris-

j diction. Norwalk may well feel proud of her divi-

j siou of the Sous of Temperance.

The
the fai

•St school hoUSi

)f 1810, a few

built ill

hip liuq

150

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

between Ridgefield and Xorwalk, on lot number two of
Ridgefield. It stood upon tlie bank on the left hand
after crossing the bridge upon the present road to
Peru, about half a mile from the bridge, and was
made of logs. The first teacher was Charles Seymour
Hale, son of General Hale, of Herkimer; the next
was Ann Boalt, sister of C. L. Boalt; and the next,
Tamar Palmer. The scholars were Asher, James,
Miner, Lvman and Manley Cole: David, Isaac, Aurelia
and Louisa Underbill; Alanson, Alva and Betsey
Pixley; Jonas and Eliza Ann Benedict; Almira, Daniel
and John Morse; Mary Ann Morse and others. In
September of the same year, Peter Tice and his son
John put up a small framed building, the first framed
building in the region, upon the flats in the bend of
the road as it turns toward Peru, and used it for a
store. Afterwai-d, when the Tices removed to Xor-
walk, it was used by Judge Baker as a dwelling house,
and subsequently became a school house, as a sub-
stitute for that above described. Oliver Prentiss,
Zacharias Marion and Horace Johnson taught in it
at different times. The building was afterward re-
moved to Xorwalk and used as a wagon shop; then
converted into a dwelling, and used by different fami-
lies, among which was that 'of the late Hon. J. M.
Root and wife, of Sandusky City, whose first house-
keeping experience commenced in it about 18.35.
Again it was removed to the first lot next north of
Whittlesey avenue school house, and then used as a
dwelling by several different families, among them
that of Hon. C. S. Parker, present Ohio State sen-
ator. About fifteen years ago it again became restless
and changed its location to Prospect street, where it
now rests for a time, the second dwelling house south
of the raili-oad track.

Beside these, school was taught liy J. A. Jennings,
afterward doctor, in a brick-maker's shanty, on the
south side of what is now Seminary street, and a few
rods east of Benedict avenue, and later in a framed
building standing where the high-school building now
, stands, but now moved to South street and occupied as
a dwelling. School was taught also by Doctor Amos
B.Harris, in the old court house, probably parts of two
two or three years, but the dates during these first ten
years are uncertain, and our information is not posi-
tive until, in October, 1S"2(!. an association of individ-
uals was organized, under the name of "The Presi-
dent, Trustees, etc., of the Xorwalk Academy," having
l)reviously purchased of Elisha Whittlesey four lots,
known then as numbers thirty-eight, thirty-nine, forty
and forty-one, and being the same lots now occupied
by our iiigh-school building, who erected and partially
finished a three story brick building upon these lots,
the first and second stories of wliich were designed for
the purposes of the academy, and the third story for a
tnasonic lodge. The first and second stories, though
far from comjjlete, were occupied and the academy
opened in Decemberof thesameyear (182(1) with Hev.
C. P. Bronson, rector of St. Paul's Church, as princi-
pal, and Hev. S. .V. Bronson. Abrani Bronson. .Mr. War-

ner and Josiah Botsford, assistants. A female teacher.
Miss Bostwjck, was soon after added, who taught
ornamental branches — drawing, painting, etc. At the
end of the first quarter, the principal reported the
number of pupils in attendance at ninety. The ])rices
fixed for tuition were as follows: Reading, writing
and spelling per quarter, one dollar and seventy-five
cents; if paid in two weeks, one dollar and fifty cents;
arithmetic and English grammar, two dollars: paid m
two weeks, one dollar and seventy-five cents; higher
branches of education, three dollars; paid in two weeks,
two dollars and fifty cents; Greek and Latin, four
dollars; paid in two weeks, three dollars and fifty
cents. Beside the tuition, each pupil was required to
furnish one-half cord of wood or twenty-five cents in
money, toward warming the building.

At the close of the first yeai-, the trustees reported
one hundred scholars in attendance as the average for
the year. The academy continued under the super-
intendence of Mr. Bronson until May, 1828, when he
was succeeded by Mr. Henry Tucker, a graduate of
L^nion College. Owing to the difficulty of sustaining
the school, an effort was made to increase the nunilier
of ])upils by reducing still lower the price of tuition.
The salaries of the superintendents and assistants
depended upon the amount the principal could collect
for tuition, which rendered their compensation very
uncertain and generally very unsatisfactory. Mr.
Tucker remained until the fall of that year (1828)
when he was succeeded by Mr. John Kennan, of Herki-
mer. Xew York. There was no lack of ability in these
different principals to establish for the academy a high
reputation, but it was evidently ))rematnre. The
country was too sparsely populated and the people too
poor to support the expenses necessary for its suc-
cessful continuance, and we find, in October of 1829,
a consolidation of the academy Avith the district schools,
with Mr. Kennan as principal. The number of pupils
was thus increased, but even then the salary of the prin-
cipal amounted to less than four hundred dollars per
year. Mr. Kennan continued in charge of the school
until the fall of 1830, when he resigned his position,
and Rev. Mr. Johnson, formerly principal of the
Classical and Young Ladies' Boarding School, of
Utica, Xew York, succeeded him in the su]ierintend-
ency. The population of the Xorwalk corporation at
this time was three hundred and ten. The board of
school examiners was appointed by the court, and
consisted at this time of Ebenezer Andrews, Doctor
Amos. B. Harris. Moses Kimball and L. Bradley.

In August. 1831. Miss Roxana Spnigue was employed
to teach the school in district number one, and occu-
pied a room upon the first floor of the academy build-
ing. The studies taught in the academy at this time
were all the common branches, including rhetoric,
elocution, astronomy, chemistry, philosophy, mineral-
ogy, geology, music, engineering and surveying, and
the Latin and Greek languages.

In April, 1833 Miss Eliza Ware (iih'ikmI a school
exclusivelv for vouus ladies, in the acadcniv liuildin<r.

HISTORY OF HUEON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

151

under the title of "Norwalk Female Seminary," )3ut
soon after it was moved to the residence cf C. P.
Bronsou, who then resided on the lot directly west of
St. PauFs Church. This school was not of long dura-
tion.

NORWALK SEMIN.\RY.

On the nth of November, 1833, the "Norwalk Semi-
nary" was ojjened in the academy building, under the
auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church, with
Rev. Jonathan E. Chaplin as principal. Norwalk at
this time had a population of eight hundred and
ninety-nine.

The seminary opened with the principal and one
male assistant, and three female teachers. Miss Jen-
kins, Miss Louisa Hamlin and Miss Anna Langford.

The school was opened successfully, and was prose-
cuted vigorously, and, at tiie close of the first year,
showed an average attendance of one hundred pupils.
Our population in July, 1834:, was one thousand and
twenty. During the second year a course of lectures
was delivered by Dr. Bigelow upon chemistry, and a
philosophical apparatus was procured for the use of
the school. The number of pupils rapidly increased
as the character of the institution became more widely
known, and at the end of the second year they re-
ported one hundred and eighty-nine in attendance;
and a very large proportion of this number was made
up of young ladies and gentlemen of more advanced
years, who labored with unusual zeal in acquiring an
education.

The seminary burned down on the night of Febru-
ary 26, 1&36, with a loss of about three thousand dol-
lars, and no insurance; school books, library and
apparatus were all destroyed. The blow was a severe
one to the institution, as it had no endowment nor
support from public funds, and the people of Norwalk
and the patrons of the institution were in no pecu-
niary condition to rebuild; but with commendable
energy the friends of the seminary immediately set
themselves to work to raise funds for rebuilding, and
upon a larger scale than before. Mr. Chaplin, the
principal, and Rev. H. 0. Sheldon went east to solicit
assistance, while others were laboring amongst our
own people for contrilnitions; but means came slow
and sparingly. In the intervals, however, the school
was not discontinued. The Methodist Church, to-
gether with the basement of the Baptist Church, were
improvised for the emergency, with an interruption of
but four days. Rev. J. E. Chaplin continued as
jirincipal, with Mr. Darnell assistant, Mrs. Goshorn,
Miss Loveland and Jliss Langford in the female de-
partment, and Rev. H. 0. Sheldon as general agent
for raising funds and promoting the general interests
of the institution. The catalogue for 1830 showed
one hundred and thirty-seven in the male department
and one hundred and eighteen in the female — aggre-
gate, two hundred and fifty-tive.

The fall term (•(mimencod in Octi)ber, 1S3(;. the

trustees presenting a flattering prospectus. J. M.
Goshorn became the agent, and the same corps of
instructors were retained. Rev. Dr. Thompson de-
livered the commencement address to the students
and patrons of the school.

In February, 1837, the trustees issued proposals for
the erection of a new building, of brick, forty by
eighty feet, and three stories high; and, in Decemljer,
1838, they were enabled to re-open the school in the
new building for male scholars, the apartment for
female pupils not being com])lete. The former i)rin-
cipal, Rev. J. E. Chaplin, having been transferred
by the Metliodist conference to Michigan, Rev. Ed-
ward Thompson was appointed to fill the vacancy in
1838. Alexander Nelson was his assistant in the
mathematical department, and new life was infused
into the school.

At the annual commencement in 18-l"-i, the cata-
logue of the seminary showed three hundred and
ninety-one students during the year,' and the examin-
ing committee spoke in the highest terms of the pro-
ficiency of the students and the zealous and faithful
labors of the instructors in the various branches.

The financial condition of the seminary was not
good. Since the effort to rebuild, del)ts had accumu-
lated upon the trustees, which they found it exceed-
ingly difficult to meet, and, for the purpose of relief,
a society was organized in the fall of 1842, known as
the "Norwalk Education Society," the object of
which was to collect funds, and aid in other ways the
institution to relieve itself of debt and to increase its
usefulness, of which society Rev. Adam Poo was
elected president.

The general conference of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, held in New York City in June, 1844,
elected Rev. Edward Thompson, editor of the Ladies'
Be^JOsitory, published in Cincinnati, and, at the close
of the summer session in July, 1844, he tendered his
resignation as principal of the seminary, which posi-
tion he had occupied since the fall of 1838. His
resignation was accepted with regret. He was a man
of rare literary attainments, of ripe scholarship, of
pleasing address, of refined and gentlemanly manners,
and purity of life and character, and the vacancy thus
created was one of great difficulty to fill.

H. Dwight, who had for some time been the prin-
cipal assistant of Doctor Thompson, was appointed
his successor, and the fall term of 1844 was opened
under his supervision, and he i-emained principal of
the seminary until its ck)se, January, 1846.

The seminary had l)een lal)oring under heavy in-
debtedness from the time of rebuilding in 1838, which
the most strenuous of its friends had l)een unable to
remove; and now that the stronger interests of the
Methodist denomination throughout the State had
been transferred to the university at Delaware, the
local interest of Norwalk was found inadecpiate to the
removing of the incumbrance, and the whole ])roperty
was sold under execution in favor of the builders.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

NORWALK IXSTITUTE.

The Baptists of Norwalk called ii meeting Janu-
ary, 1846, to take into consideration the purchas-
ing of the property, and the continuance of the
school under the auspices of that denomination; and
measures were immediately inaugurated to cari'v the
proposition thus brought forward for accomplishing
this into effect. A hoai-d of trustees was elected, con-
sisting of J. S. Lowry, Rev. Jeremiah Hall, Rev. R.
N. Henderson, Rev. Samuel Woodsworth and John
Kelly, and arrangements made to make immediate
efforts to procure subscriptions and donations for the
purchase and opening of the school, under the name
and style of the "Norwalk Institute."

The institute was opened August, 1840, with Rev.
Jeremiah Hall as principal, assisted by Nathan S.
Burton, and Miss Martha J. Flanders as principal of
the female de])artment. The terms of tuition remained
the same as under the seminary management, and
pupils rapidly filled up the school. In November,
1847, the catalogue showed the number of pupils for
the year to be two hundred and thirty — one hundred
and fifteen gentlemen, ninety-three ladies, and twenty-
two primary — and the numbers continued to increase,
till in 1849 their catalogue showed three hundred and
six. Rev. J. Hall was succeeded by A. S. Hutchins
as principal, who continued to occupy that position
till 1855, when the institute ceased to exist.

The legislature of Ohio passed the Akron school
law, February 8, 1847, and under this act and the
one amendatory thereto, other towns, by a petition of
two-thirds of their qualified voters, could avail them-
selves of its provisions. This law authorized and
inaugurated the system of graded schools, which were
soon after so generally adopted, and which experience
has amended and improved till it has resulted in our
present etBcient system.

March, 1855, the Norwalk institute was purchased
by the Union school district, together with library
and apparatus, and Mr. Hutchins, who had been
principal of the institute, became the superintendent
of (>ui- jiublic schools.

K?:MALE SEMIXARY.

The history of our schools would be incomplete
should we omit to mention the Fenuile seminary,
established in December, 1837, under the principal-
ship of Miss Harriet Bedford. The school was under
the control of a joint stock comj)any, and managed
by a board of directors, of which David Gibbs was
president, and Dr. John Tifft, secretary. The build-
ing occupied was the one erected at an early day for
our county courthouse, but finding it too small to
accommodate the increasing business of the county,
it was sold and moved to Whittlesey avenue, and
occupied for several years for school purposes. No
data can be found from which the text books used,
the course of study adopted, or the number of pupils
in attendance can be given. In March. 1S3!», Miss

Bedford was succeeded by Mrs. M. F. C. Worcester,
the accomplished wife of Hon. S. T. Worcester, then
a resident of our village, whose love of the occupa-
tion, united with educational qualifications of a high
order, soon gave to the school an envialile reputation
amongst our own citizens, and brougiit in many
pupils from other towns.

The price of tuition in English branches was five
dollars, including drawing, six dollars; Latin and
French in addition, eight dollars; music, five dollars
extra.

The seminary, however, continued but a short time,
though the precise date of its close we cannot readily
determine, as no records have been found. A want
of means and pecuniary embarrassment led to its dis-
continuance, and the building was sold. Mrs. Wor-
cester, however, continued a private school for young
ladies for some time after, which was eminently suc-
cessful.

But the necessity of a good female school amongst
our people was still strongly felt, and the matter con-
tinued to be agitated until the winter of 1846 and '47,
when an act of incorporation was obtained for the
" Norwalk Female Seminary," with S. T. Worcester,
W. F. Kittridge, C. L. Latimer, John R. Osborn and
Rev. Alfred Newton, as trustees, and an effort was
made to get the necessary amount of stock subscribed,
which was fixed at three thousand five hundred dol-
lars. This amount, after considerable labor, was
finally obtained, and a beautiful location was selected
in the west part of our village, corner of Main and
Pleasant streets, which was the generous gift of Hon.
S. T. Worcester, and a suitable two-story brick build-
ing was erected, which was completed and fully paid
for in June, 1848.

It was not until the spring of 1850 that the semi-
nary was finally opened under the charge of Rev. J.
il. Hayes, a Presbyterian minister of scholarly ac-
quirements, who had previously obtained, by purchase
and assignment, the interests of the shareholders,
with the reservation on the part of some that the
building should continue to be used for the purposes
originally designed.

Mr. Hayes remained two years, and was succeeded
by Rev. Asa Brainard, of New York. He remained
but two years, and was succeeded by Miss E. Cook, a
graduate of Mt. Holyoke, who had charge of it for
the two succeeding years, when she resigned the posi-
tion to her sister, Miss C. Cook, who remained one
year.

Miss Metcalf, of Hudson, Ohio, was then (in 1857)
employed with Miss Eliza S. Watson as assistant, and
they fully sustained the good reputation the school
attained under the former instructors. But the com-
mercial disasters of the country at this time, com-
bined with tlie growing interests of our citizens in
our Public schools, left the seminary without an
adequate support, and in 1858 it suspended. Though
its life was less than ten years, it had exerted a marked
infiueiicc in our village and its vicinity.

ERI MESNARD

was born at Norwalk, Conn., Oct. 16, 1797. He
moved witli his father's family to Saratoga Co.,
N. Y., in the year 1806; thence, in 1818, to Onon-
daga Co., N. Y., where lie married Lucy, daughter
of Ebenezer Hill, in the year 1826. His wife
died in 1830, and in 1835 he married, for his
second wife, Harriet, daughter of Seth Baker, of
Lafayette, Onondaga Co., N. Y., and resided at
Ithaca, N. Y., until 1836, when he moved to
Fairfield, Huron Co., Ohio; thence, in 1843, to
Norwalk, in said county, where he remained until
the date of his death, Jan. 28, 1879, in the eighty-
second year of his age. He was employed as civil
engineer, about 1831, on the Ithaca and Owcgo

Railroad, one of the first railroads built in the
United States.

He officiated as county surveyor of Huron County
for fourteen years, and did more or less surveying
during all the years of his residence in Ohio,
though he made farming his principal occupation,
being proprietor of the fine farm now owned by
his son, Capt. L. B. Mesnard, and located two
miles south of Norwalk.

But few men were more widely known or re-
spected throughout the county. He was an exem-
plary Christian, and a man of sterling worth and
integrity. He leaves a son and three daughters, all
residents of Huron County.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES. OHIO.

PTBLIC SCHOOLS.

The liistory of the public schooLs of Norwalk,
Ohio, from the date of its first settlement in 1809 to
the adoption of our present system of graded schools
in 1850, presents little of especial interest.

Our district schools were taught for many years in
buildings rented for that purpose, but one school
house belonging to the district up to 1837, which
stood upon the west lot of the grounds now occupied
by our high school building. It was a one-story
wooden structu.e, with but one room, which was
removed about 1830.

In 1837, a school house was built on the lirow of
the hill southwest of the courthouse, now known as
Benedict avenue, and being somewhat pretentions
from being painted, was known as the " White school
house." Another was soon after built on Seminary
street, near the old Methodist church, of brick, and
another was built on Whittlesey avenue in 1841 — the
same building now occupied by our public schools.

A building was also rented on Railroad avenue in
1841, where a school was kept by J. H. Foster; and
another was kept in a building near the corner of
Main and Milan streets, and still another was in the
Norwalk seminary building.

The directors in 1841 were Timothy Baker, JoJm
R. Osborn and Jairus Kennan.

Our seminary being in operation at that time, there
were few excepting primary scholars who attended
the district schools.

FIKsT TtACHEKs" INSTITUTE.

In February, 1848, the first congregation of teach-
ers, under the title of Teachers' Institute, was called
in this place.

The county board of examiners earnestly requested
all teachers, and those intending to make application,
to attend this institute, as they had determined upon
a more thorough and rigid course of examining the
qualifications of teachers than formerly.

The commissioners of the county made an appro-
priation to meet the ordinary expenses, board ex-
cepted.

The first institute proved a great success. It was
conducted by Prof. M. P. Cowdry, then of Geauga
county, and J. Hurty, of Mansfield, Ohio, assisted by
Rev. Jeremiah Hall, the principal of the Norwalk
institute. From one hundred and fifty to two hun-
dred teachers, and those desiring to become such,
were in attendance.

Lectures were delivered by Hon. S. T. Worcester,
then of Norwalk, and Rev. Mr. Sawyer, of Monroe-
ville, and Hon. Isaac J. Allen, of Mansfield, and an
interest was awakened in educational matters, the
result of whicii extended far beyond our borders.

FIRST NORMA I

LASS IN THE STATE.

On tiu' 14th day of June. 1848. tiie first normal
class of the -SState IVachcrs" Association •" held in
OJiio was convened in this placi'. continuing nine

weeks, and marks an epoch in our educational liis-
tory, for it seems to have proved the radiating jjoint
from which a better, a more thorough and far higher
system was soon to be eliminated.

The Honorable Samuel Galloway, then secretary of
state, and president of the Ohio State teachers" as-
sociation, delivered an address before the class.

L'NION SCHOOLS.

Immediately upon the adjournment of the "State
Normal Class," a meeting of our citizens was called at
the court house, to take into consideration the pro-
priety of establishing a system of union schools. This
was in August, 1848.

The legislature of our State, in February, 1849.
passed an act under which all incorporated cities,
towns and villages having a population of two hund-
red or more might vote upon the adoption of the sys-
tem — a majority vote deciding the adoption or rejec-
tion of the law.

At the spring election in 1850, the question was
submitted t(i a vote of the people, and was adopted
with great unanimity. A board of education was
elected, and proceeded at once to adapt the brick
school building on Whittlesey avenue to the necessities
of the school.

Mr. D. F. DeWolf was elected superintendent, and
all arrangements were made for opening under the
graded system on the 33d of September of that year.

The board of education consisted of six members:
W. F. Kittridge, E. E. Husted, Samuel Pennewell,
S. T. Worcester, Henry Brown and C. L. Boalt;
Henry Brown as clerk of the board.

There were three buildings occupied for school pur-
poses. The Central, on Mechanic street (now Whit-
tlesey avenue,) the South Pleasant street building,
and the brick school house on Seminary street; the
latter two as ward schools for pi'imary scholars, with
five female teachers. The superintendent also gave
the larger portion of his time to teaching.

The female teachers were Mrs. DeWolf, Miss Eunice
C. Fox, Miss Isabella Farr, Miss M. Barrett and Miss
Julia Hitchcock.

The population of Norwalk at this time was about
two thousand, and the union school district extended
over the corporation.

The school opened with three hundred scholars in
the various grades. The salary of the superintendent
was fixed at six hundred dollars a year, and that
of the female teachers at fourteen dollars per niontli.
A tax was levied for school purposes of two and one-
half mills, producing one thousand and fifty dollars,
besides the money received from the State school fund,
amounting to three hundred and forty dollars.

The enrollment of the year amounted to about four
hundred, of whom one hundred and ninety were males
and two hundred and ten females, with an average at-
tendance of three hundred. The school was taught
for ten months. The departments were divided into
pviniary. -cpnnilary and grammar schools.

154

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

At the May election in 1851, 0. G. Carter and John
R. Osboru were elected members of the board of
education to fill the vacancies occasioned by the ex-
piration of the terms of S. T. Worcester and C. L.
Boult. Mr. DeWoIf was continued in the superin-
tendency, and Mrs. P. A. Seymour was engaged in
the grammar school at a salary of two hundred dollars.
She continued but a short time, and Miss Janes was
appointed to tiie vacancy.

The enumeration for 1852 shows seven hundred
and seven between the ages of four and twenty-one
years, with an enrollment in our schools of four
hundred and tifty-six. The salary of Mr. DeWolf,
as superintendent, was increased to seven hundred
dollars. During the year, Miss Ella Tenney, one of
the teachers, died, after a brief illness, and a special
meeting of the board was held, and resolutions of
respect and condolence were jiassed.

No course of study appears in any of tlie records of
the school at this time.

At the close of the school year, 1853. Mr. DeWolf
tendered his resignation as superintendent, and the
vacancy was filled by the election of William P.
Clark, of Hillsdale, Michigan, as superintendent, at
a salary of eight hundred dollars. Mrs. Bates was
employed to take charge of the grammar school, and
Miss Hill, Miss Julia Hitchcock, Miss Fannie Wil-
son, Miss Dealing and Miss Lowe in the other depart-
ments. The school examiners at this time were Rev.
E. Wiuthrop. Rev. Alfred Newton and Samuel T.
Worcester.

Tlie whole value of our school property was re-
turned ;it $2,300, and the total expenses of our school
for the year at -SI, 800. The average salary of female
teachers for forty weeks was $180. A special school
tax wa.s levied of two mills. Tlie value of maps and
.school apparatus was §150.

In 1855, the board purchased the brick building
occupied by the Norwalk Institute, to be used as a
central and high school building for the district.
Tlie purchase was for the sum of $3,500, which em-
braced the two central lots and the present high
school building, a small library and some apparatus.

Mr. A. S. Hutchins, the former principal of the
Norwalk Institute, was elected suijerintendent of the
Union Schools in Sei)tember, 185-1, in place of Mr.
Clark. Mr. S. F. Newman was elected principal of
the grammar school, with seven female teachers in
the primary and secondary departments.

i'revii)us to the close of the school year in 1855,
.Mr. Hutchins resigned his position as superintendent,
and Mr. William Mitchell was appointed to the va-
cancy.

Mr. Mitchell was re-elected suiterintendent in 1S5G,
at a salary of »1,000 per year, with the following
corps of teachers : S. F. Newman, principal of the
grammar school, salary, $600 ; Miss S. S. Sanford,
at $350, Miss Julia Hitchcock, at $300 ; Jliss Fannie
Wilson, at $250 ; Miss Dealing, $300.

Tlie board at this time consisted of N. 8. C. Per-

kins, .Io.s. M. Farr, C. E. Newman, H. Rose, F.
Sawyer and R. P. Geer. A levy of four mills was
made for school purposes, and Mr. Mitchell was con-
tinued in the superintendency at his previous salary.

At the annual election in 1858, J. A. Jackman and
Theodore Baker were elected in the places of C. E.
Newman and R. P. Geer, whose terms had expired,
and the new board systematized their labors by the
appointment of committees to attend to specific du-
ties, to wit : A committee upon teachers, a committee
upon buildings and repairs, upon text books, and
upon supplies. Rev. A. Newton, William Mitchell
and S. T. Worcester were appointed examiners for
the year.

There seemed to the board a necessity for retrench-
ing expenses, and the salary of the superintendent
was reduced to nine hundred dollars, and in the fol-
lowing yeiir Mr. Mitchell tendered his resignation.

Mr. Theodore E. Baker was elected by the bosird to
succeed Mr. Mitchell in the superintendency, at a
salary of eight hundred dollars.

At the annual election. May 5th, 1860, Messrs.
C. E. Pennewell and William Case were elected mem-
bers of the board in the places of Perkins and Rose,
whose terms had expired, and at the close of the
school year in July, the board elected R. W. Steven-
son, then of Dresden, Ohio, to the superintendency,
at a salary of eight hundred and fifty dollars, and his
wife as assistant teacher in the high school, at a salary
of three hundred and fifty dollars.

In 1861, sub-district number nine, joining the
union school district on the east, was by petition
added to it. At this time the number of teachers
increased to twelve, including the superintendent.

In 1863, the salary of the superintendent was raised
to one thousand dollars.

The first graduate of our union schools was Miss
Sarah E. Wilkinson, in 1861, and the next was Miss
Nettie M. North, in 1862; and in the class of 1863
were Miss Arietta Newman, William F. Parker and
Cortland L. Kennan.

In 1864, Mr. Stevenson's salary was increased to
one thousand one hundred dollars. All the teachers
of the previous year were invited to remain, at in-
creased salaries. At the close of this school year
there were seven in the graduating class.

In 1865, Mr. Stevenson's salary was again increased,
to one thousand two hundred dollars, and all tlie
teachers of the previous year were invited to remain
at former salaries. The population of our union
school district at this time was three thou.sand eight
hundred and twenty-one, and the enumeration of
children between five and twenty-one years was one
thousand four hundred and forty-three, divided as
follows: Six hundred and ninety-five white males,
seven hundred and thirty -seven white females, seven
colored males and four colored females. At the close
of this school year there was a graduating class of six.

In 1866, Mr. Stevenson's salary was again increased
by the voluntary action of the board, they recogniz-

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES. OHIO.

ing the value of liis services, and the salaries of inter-
mediate and secondary teachers were also increased
fifty dollars per year each.

In 1867, Mr. Stevenson was again re-elected to the
superintendency, with his salary increased to one
thousand five hundred dollars.

The board decided to erect a larger and better
school house on South Pleasant street, the old one
being small and dilapidated. A lot was purchased,
adjoining the old one, for eight hundred dollars, and
a brick building was erected to accommodate primary
scholars. The tax levied was five mills, and the
amount disbursed for school purposes was thirteen
thousand and thirty-five dollars and seventy-nine
cents. There were ten graduates at the close of this
year.

In 18(iS, R. W. Stevenson was re-elected superin-
tendent, at a salary of two thousand dollars, and the
salaries of most of the teachers were increased.

There was urgent necessity for more room and
more school buildings, to accommodate the increased
number of scholars in the different wards of the vil-
lage. The board obtained from the corporation
authorities a deed of two lots on League street,
designed in the platting by the " Homestead League "
for "public purposes," for the erection of a school
house, and the board proceeded to erect a good,
substantial two-story brick building for the purpose,
known as the "League Street School House."

The building was erected under the especial super-
vision of D. D. Benedict and Theodore Williams,
(a committed appointed by the board,) at an expense
of five thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight
dollars and eighty-one cents, which was all paid for
without levying any additional tax over that raised for
school purposes of five mills. The board also pur-
chased an acre of laud o'n Benedict avenue, in the
south part of the village, for the erection of another
ward school house, to be put up as soon as the finances
would permit, without creating a bonded debt. For
this they paid eight hundred dollars.

Our enumeration had now reached one thousand,
seven hundred and fifty-four, between the ages of
five and twenty-one, and the enrollment in our schools
was eight hundred and seventy-five, with an average
cost per pupil of twelve dollars and fifty-four cents
per year. The graduating class this year consisted of
five members.

At the close of the school year in 1871, the super-
intendent and all the teachers were invited to remain.
Mr. Stevenson, however, tendered his resignation, as
he had been elected to the same position in the public
schools of Columbus, at an increased salary.

Mr. Henry A. Farwell, of Quincy, Illinois, was
elected by the board to succeed Mr. Stevenspn from
September, 1871, at a salary of one thousand five
hundred dollars.

The crowded state of our schools in IST"^ made it
necessary that a school building should be erected on
the lot purchased on Benedict avenue, and plans were

procured, and measures adopted for proceeding at
once to its erection. D. D. Benedict and Theodore
Williams were appointed a building committee, and
authorized to fit up the grounds and make all neces-
sary arrangements for having a school opened. A
very commodious two-story brick building was erected,
about thirty-six by sixty feet, upon the ground, de-
signed to accommodate two primary schools, with
ante-rooms, recitation-rooms and black-boards, and
seated with modern single seats and desks, having a
more tasty and attractive exterior than any of our
previous school buildings, at a cost of eight thousand
dollars. This building will seat comfortably one
hundred and fifty scholars.

Mr. Farwell was re-elected superintendent at a
salary of one thousand seven hundred and fifty dol-
lars, and the teachers of the previous year were invited
to remain.

Mr. Farwell was re-elected superintendent in 1872,
at his previous salary.

Miss S. H. Smith, resigned her position in tlie high
school at the close of the school year in 1873. She
had been teacher of marked ability in our schools for
many years, and her resignation was accepted with
much regret.

Mr. Farwell was re-elected to the superintendency
in Julv, 1873. There was a graduating class at the
close of the school year of eleven.

In July, 1874, Mr. Farwell's time having expired,
the board elected C. W. Oakes superintendent, at a
salary of one thousand and six hundred dollars ]ier
year.

The enumeration taken under the law of May 15,
1873, limits the school age to those between six and
twentj-one 3-ears — our last enumeration embracing
those between five and twenty-one years. We find the
number reduced to one thousand six hundred and
thirty-four. The average daily attendance was six
hundred and fourteen, of whom eighty were in the
high school. It should be stated, in explanation of
the small per centage of daily attendance to the
enumeration, that the Catholic denomination main-
tains separate schools, and also the Lutherans (mak-
ing three in all,) and employing four or five teachers.
There were twelve in the graduating class at the
close of the school year,

Mr. Oakes was re-elected to the superintendency in
June, 1875, at a salary of one thousand and eight
hundred dollars.

The l)oai-d this year added vocal music to the
branches taught, and engaged the services of Prof.
Luse at a salary of six hundred dollars, to divide his
time between the different schools.

A brief recapitulation of the prominent jioints in
our .school history may not be uninteresting.

Our graded schools were organized under the
general law of 1849; they opened under that law in
September, 1850; the population of Norwalk was
then about two thousand; the enrollment the first
vear was almut fmir huiidrccl: our present jiopulatioii

150

HISTOEY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

(1879) is six thousand and one hundred; our enu-
meration between six and twenty-one years is one
thousand seven hundred and ninety-nine; our enroll-
ment in schools, exclusive of Catholic and Lutheran
schools, is one thousand and one.

We commenced with four schools, in three build-
ings, aud five teachers; we now have seven school
houses: nineteen schools and twenty-three teachers.

We ijaid our first superintendent six hundred dollars
per year, and our female teachers fourteen dollars per
month ; we now pay our superintendent one thousand
and eight hundred per year, and our female teachers
from thirty-five to sixty dollars per month. Our
monthly pay roll is now one thousand and two
luindred dollars.

We commenced with tliree grades, primary, sec-
ondary and grammar ; we now have nine grades, em-
bracing the high school, with a standard of education
intended to fit pupils to enter college. We think the
average cost per scholar, for instruction for a series
of years," will not exceed §15 per year.

Our school property in 1850 was worth §2,300 ; it
is now worth over 145,000.

We have had seven different superintendents in our
schools since organizing under the graded system, as
follows : D. F. DeWolf, from 185()"to 1853 ; W. P.
Clark, from 1853 to 1854 : A. S. Hutchins, from
1854 to 1855 : William Mitchell, from 1855 to 1859 ;
T. E. Baker, from 1859 to 1860 : R. W. Stevenson,
18G0 to IST] : H. A. Farwell. 1871 to 1874 : C. W.
Oakes, 1874.
. Our list of graduates numbers 128.

An association of the Alumni was organized in
1875, which proved both pleasant and profitable, and
promises to be a permanent society, holding regular
meetings hereafter. It numbers among its members
many of our best citizens, and gathers from abroad
many, occupying prominent positions, who have gone
out from us.

The Catholic portion of our population has never
felt disposed to participate, to any great extent, in
tile benefits of our public schools, preferring to main-
tain theii' separate denominational institutions. Thev
maintain two schools within our district, employing
four teachers.

The board of education has never made the reading
of the Bible in the schools imperative upon superin-
tendents or teachers, but lias left the matter wholly
discretionary with them ; and though the general
practice is in most of our schools to read a portion of
tlie Scriptures in the opening exercise, no strictures
or criticisms have arisen of a sectarian character tO'
disturb their peaceful progress.

There is no local interest dearer to our people than
that of maintaining the high standing of our public
schoools. The iuijjression has grown into a settled
conviction, that with universal suffrage, the great safe-
guard for our institutions, both civil and religious, is
in universal education.

LAW .VXD BL-.SlXE.Sfi COLLEGE.

On the 21st day of October, A. D. 1878, Wm. H.
Sprague, Esq., establislied Sprague's Business Col-
lege, and located it in Gallup's new block. Since its
organization, over thirty students have been and are
in attendance. It is already a success. By reason of
young men soliciting assistance in studying the law,
the proprietor has concluded to add a law department,
which will open on the 22d day of September, 1879,
and will be known as Sprague's Law aud Business
College. The faculty have been engaged aud are
well known at the bar, viz : Hon. G. T. Stewart,
Col. Frank Sawyer, S. A. Wildman and C. H. Gal-
lup. Instruction in plionograjiluc short-hand will
also be given liy Mr. P. J. ilahou, a practical |)ho-
nographer.

WHITTLESEY ACAHEMY.

For twenty-six years there has been in existence in
Norwalk, a corporation known by name to many of
our citizens, but as to whose origin and history there
exists an almost entire lack of information. A whole
generation has grown up since the ""Whittlesey Acad-
emy of Arts and Sciences" was organized, who know
nothing of the facts which led to its organization.

On the 16th of October, 1816, Hon. Elisha Whit-
tlesey, who held the title as trustee in fact, for him-
self, Mathew B. Whittlesey, E. iloss White aud
Piatt Benedict, filed the "town plat of Norwalk" with
the recorder of Huron county. Forty-eight lots are
plotted and described, and the conclusion of the de-
scription is as follows :

"The roads, streets and alleys are given for pul)lic
use. Lot 13 is given for a site to build a court house.
Lot 12, a meeting house. Lot 1 for an academy or
college, and lot 24 for a goal, "evidently meaning gaol,
or jail.

Lot 1, thus dedicated for "'an academy or college"
remained unoccupied for many years, and was used
for a play ground by the youth of the village, and as
a public hitching place for teams, but after nearly
forty years Mr. 'Whittlesey, in 1854, then a resident
of Washington, and Piatt Benedict, gave a quit claim
deed of the lot to the "Whittlesey Academy of Arts
and Sciences," which had been organized by a number
of the leadiug citizens of the town the year previous.
This quit claim is dated April 26th, 1854.

On the 30th of May, 1853, a number of gentlemen
"being desirous of founding an academy, in said
town, for the advancement of useful knowledge by
courses of lectures upon the sciences and arts, and
a library and calnnet of curiosities," made petition to
the county auditor, to be incorporated under the laws
of Ohio. "The intention being to secure and perfect
the title to lot No. 1 in said Norwalk, aud erect a
suitable building thereon, according to the the inten-
tion of the donor, Hon. Elisha Whittlesey." Accord-
ingly, G. T. Stewart, who was then the county
auditor, appointed three apjiraisers, David Johnson,
David E. Merrill, and Alfred S. Curtiss, to vifw and

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

157

appraise lot No. 1. The)' duly performed this duty,
appraising the lot at $800. and made their return
May 31st. The next day, auditor Stewart issued his
certificate of incorporation, and on June 2d, C. B.
Stickney, E. Gray, G. H. SafEord, J. E. Ingersoll, C.
E. Newman, M. R. Brailey, F. A. Wildman and G.
T. Stewart, met at the mayor's office to organize.
C. B. Stickney presided and G. T. Stewart acted as
secretary. G. H. Safford stated the object of the
meeting and moved that the association be known as
the "Whittlesey Academy of Arts and Sciences."
Messrs. Ingersoll, Brailey and Safford were appointed
committee to draft a constitution and by-laws, which
were adopted at a meeting held June ISth. On the
2d of July, officers were chosen for the year, as follows :

President, S. T. Worcester ; vice-president, G. T.
Stewart ; secretary, J. E. Ingersoll ; trea^rer, E.
Gray ; librarian, C. E. -Newman ; trustees, S. T.
Worcester, G. T. Stewart, C. B. Stickney, G. H.
Safford, M. R. Brailey.

Within a few weeks, Mr. Ingersoll removed from
the village, and F. A. Wildman was chosen secretary.
Mr. Gray, who was the first treasurer, has acted con-
tinuously in that capacity ever since, nearly twenty-si.x
years. The academy being thus organized, the next
tiling was to erect a building. At a meeting held
November 7, 1853, a building committee was ap-
pointed, consisting of G. T. Stewart, G. H. Safford
and E. Grey. Subsequently, M. R. Brailey was added
to the committee, and the contract for building the
present Whittlesey block was awarded to John King.
The sum of §10,137.02, to build with, was furnished
by the following parties, who received i^erpetual
leases, subject to forfeiture on non-payment of annu-
al rental or assessments, of the several rooms in the
block, the academy reserving Whittlesey hall and
ante-room for its own use :

Piatt Benedict S1,1B8 80

E. Gager 1,817 50

.7. M. Crosb5- 1,170 00

HustedA Gray 779 20

Corporation of Norwalk ." 974 00

Worcester & Pennewell 370 12

Jairus Kennan 340 90

Osborn& Stewart 358 70

G. H. Safford ; 305 90

G. T. Stewart 606 60

M. K. Brailey 1,608 40

Mt. Vernon Lodge No. 64, F. & A. M 904 50

The total cost of the building, as shown by the re-
port of treasurer Gray, was some S188 more than the
above.

The academy is limited tn twenty-live members,
who hold their membershi}t during life, or until re-
moval from the county. N'acancies are filled at the
annual meeting, which is iield the second Monday in
April. All the rooms in tlic block are subject to an
annual charge for ground rent, and the amounts thus
received, with the rental of Whittlesey hall, furnish
the income of the academy. Until 18GG, when the
Young Men's Library and Reading Room was estab-
lished, the academy furnished a ccnirse of lectures
iiearlv cverv wintur, and ii:i<l ;ieeuniuhited nuitc a

library and some curiosities. They then made an ar-
rangement with the library association, whereby the
lattei- took charge of their books. An annual appro-
priation of from SlOO to $400 for new books has since
been made. At this time nearly all tiie books in the
Young Men's Library belong to the Whittlesey acad-
emy. The free use of the hall has also been granted
the library for lectures or entertainments, to the
number of, at least, eight each year.

The affairs of the academey are managed by a
board of five trustees, who meet at frequent intervals
during the year, the academy itself rarely convening,
save at the annual meeting in April. The following
gentlemen have been members of the Whittlesey
academy in the past :

M. R. Brailey, G. H. Safford, J. E. Ingersoll, W.
S. Rose, S. T. Worcester, S. R. Beckwith, B. F.
Roberts, J. A. Jones, Edward Winthrop, Charles
BishoiJ, J. A. Jackman, I. E. Morehouse, John
Cline, George Baker, Joseph M. Farr, E. M. Stone,
A. Brainerd, R. W. Stevenson, D. H. Pease, C. E.
Pennewell, E. E. Husted. Jairus Kennan, C. L.
Boalt, S. L. Hatch, F. Sears, Piatt Benedict, John
Mountain, Elmer E. Husted.

The following are the present members :

G. T. Stewart. E. Gray, C. E. Newman, F. A.
Wildman, 0. G. Carter, C. B. Stickney, L. D.
Strutton, John Tifft, N. S. C. Perkins, Hiram Rose,
Franklin Sawyer, P. N. Schuyler, J. B. Ford, C. P.
Wickham, G. W. Kuapp, D. D. Benedict, S. P.
Hildreth, Henry S. Mitchell, C. L. Kennan, D. H.
Fox, S. A. Wildman, Charles A. Lloyd, C. H. Gal-
lup, James G. Gibbs, L. C. Laylin.

The annual meeting for 1879, was held Monday,
April 14th. Eighteen members were present. The
report of the trustees showed an income during the
year of S6G5.25 from hall rents, and $194.92 from
ground rents and assessments. (Assessments are
made on the several rooms for repairs or improve-
ments when necessary).

The expenditures amounted to $923.02. of which
$178.17 was for books for the library, and $133 was
for the catalogue of the library. The balance on
hand is $460.86.

Officers for the ensuing year were elected, as fol-
lows : President, F. A. Wildman : vice-president, 0.
G. Carter ; secretary, S. A. Wildman ; treasurer, E.
Gray ; trustees. D. H. Fox, C. H. Gallup, S. P.
Hildreth. C. A. Lloyd and S. A. Wil.lnian : of which
))oard C. H. Gallup is chairman.

The use of the hall, free of expense, was tendered
to the library asssociation, for lectures or entertain-
ments, to the number of nine during the year. The
sum of $150 was appropriated for books, to be placed
in the keeping of the library association. The trus-
tees were authorized to take such action as they may
deem proper in aiding the Firelands Historical Soci-
ety to protect its cabinet.

The academy is one of the most meritorious insti-
tutions in Uie place, and that gift of lot No. 1, is

HISTOEY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

really the sulij^tunt
Ycuncr Moo's Libra

;)se of our ])rc'scnt valualilc

LIKKAKY ANU READING ROOM.

Early in January, 186(3, a number of our titizcii.>i
convened at the town hall, to discuss plans for estab-
lishing a reading room, and organizing a library asso-
ciation. Resolutioas were adopted expressing the
object of the meeting, and pledging those present to
the suppprt of the enterprise. A committee was ap-
pointed to draft a constitution and solicit subscrip-
tions.

At a subsequent meeting, iield on the 24th of Jan-
uary, a constitution was adopted, as reported by the
committee, in which the objects of the association
were declared to be, the })roviding for the people, and
especially the youth of Norwalk, additional means
for mental improvement through the agency of a
library, iseading room, public lectures, and other kin-
dred instnmentalities. An organization was then ef-
fected under the name of The Young Men's Library
and Reading Room Association, and the following
officers elected : R. W. Stevenson, president ; D. H.
Pease, vice-president ; T. D. Shepard, secretary ; W.
M. Cline. treasurer ; directors, D. D. Benedict, E.
E. Rusted, T. P. Bishop and C. P. Wickham. A
nucleus of a library was provided by an unconditional
gift to the association, of over one hundred valuable
volumes, by Mrs. S. T. AVorcester.

This gift was immediately followed by a pi-opositiou
from the "Whittlesey Academy of Arts and Sciences,'"
in which they proposed, (in order to carry more fully
into effect one of the leading objects for which the
academy was organized,) to loan to the Young Men's
Association, all the books then owned by the academy,
and all that might hereafter be acquired by gift, pur-
chase, or otherwise, to be kept for its use, so long as
the association was conducted according to the arti-
cles of its organization. Also, that the academy
would appropriate, at that time, §500 for the imme-
diate increase of the library, and not less than $50
for that ]nirj)ose, annually thereafter.

The loan acquired at that time consisted of 1554
volumes, a number of which were a present to the
academy from Washington Irving. The library of
the association was a short time after increased, by a
gift from the Presbyterian church, of 125 volumes.

The labors of the finance committee were attended
with considerable success, as the following memoran-
dum taken from their report will show :

Union Aid Society, donation S 76 09

Bounty Fund, donation 663 16

Ohristiai) Conimission, donation 10 00

Soldiers' Aid Society, donation 58 00

Alert Club, donation. 480 00

Alert Club Library fund, donation. 430 00

Norwalk High School, donation 100 00

Ladies' Festival, donation 218 19

Total donations sa.oas 44

"With a part of the funds, thus actnirircd, the a.sso-
ciation was enabled .to lea.~e stiitalile inoms and iiro-

[ vide furniture. The rooms were supplied with the
leading newspajiers and periodicals, published at that
time, and immediately became the most popular jilace
of resort in the town. In the winter following the
organization of the association, an excellent course of
lectures was given under its auspices. Since that
time the association has enjoyed the services of the
best lecturers in the country.

In the year 18G8, there were only 262.3 volumes on
its shelves, and 49 papers and periodicals on the ta-
bles, now there are nearly 5000 volumes and over 60
papers and periodicals, in store for its patrons.

The amount of money received annually from
membership tickets, and from the interest of the
permanent fund, has been barely sufficient to defray
necessary expenses. All additions of books that
have been made to the library, have been bought by
the Whittlesey academy, or by money raised by
festivals, excursions, and other entertainments of like
nature.

The association is not in debt, but yet it is in great
need of more liberal support. It has always been the
desire of the association, to occupy a home of its own.
It was expected that the permanent fund, with the
accumulating interest, would at some time enable it
to realize that hope.

The permenent fund now amounts to .§1,900,
which is invested in real estate security. In addition
to this, the association has invested *225, a bequest
of Mrs. S. T. Worcester. It was Mrs. Worcester's
request that the money should be used ouly in beauti-
fying and adorning the rooms of the association.

The library was first established in rooms in the old
Mansion House block. The rooms were inconvenient,
and the books were necessarily in a disordered state.
A removal was made in June, 1878, to the rooms now
occupied in the Gallup block, which were fitted up
at considerable expense, new cases provided, and the
books arranged in systematic order, and an alphabet-
ical list of the library was taken, and a catalogue pre-
pared. It is the first ever provided and was the best
method of preserving the books.

The present officers are, C. H. (Jallup, president ;
C. W. Oakes, vice-president ; E. L. Husted, treas-
urer ; G. F. Titus, secretary ; J. G. Gibbs, B. S.
Hubbard, H. L. Kennan, L. C. Laylin, S. J. Pat-
rick, F. Sawyer, Jr., directors: Miss S. Rowhind,
librarian.

On account of the loss of the minutes of the ]U'e-
liminary meetings, it is difficult to ascertain, Avith
certainty, the names of our citizens who were most
active in organizing and establishing the association,
but Mrs. M. F. C. Worcester, Mrs. M. A. Corwin,
David H. Pease, R. W. Stevenson and Charles P.
Wickham were among them ; none, however, were
more efficient in the good work than Mrs. Worcester.

This institution fills a very important position
among the educational enterprises of the town, and
but few of them better deserve the fostering care of its
citizens.

GEORGE BUTT.

George Butt was born in the city of New York, July 24, 1834.
At the age of six or seven years his father moved to Illinois, where
Mr. Butt spent the earlier years of his active life. While still young
he manifested a taste for the fine arts, spending much time in a por-
trait painter's studio, where he received many impressions that were
lasting, and which had much to do with his choice of a profession
for life. His bent of mind did not receive encouragement from his
parents; on the contrary, they discouraged him, and marked out
another pursuit. He was still young when his parents died, and,
having no desire for a trade, he grew up to manhood without any
special business. His father had left some money for him, but he
never received it. At the age of twenty-two, however, he acquired
about $800, which, by judicious speculation, was increased to about
$2000. With this he bought a large tract of land, and tried farm-
ing, but was not successful. He lost heavily by the failure of the
wheat crops in successive years, and, becoming discouraged, sold out
at a great loss.

While visiting Springfield, 111., he became interested in the ambro-
type business, and gave considerable time to the acquirement of the
art; but finally gave it up and returned home.

For a year succeeding he was in poor health. In the mean time
photography had made rapid advances, and he once more determined
to learn the business. Placing himself under the best instructors, he
took a thorough course, and again entered the field with very creditable
success ; but, becoming dissatisfied with his knowledge, he determined
to place himself where ho could become a thorough master of the art.
He accordingly entered a leading gallery as a workman, and labored
industriously, and subsequently took private lessons from some of the
best artists in the State. In llii-- \v;iy he soon made rapid progress,
and in a, short time was cnubl.-.l Ih rniiniiiind good wages.

He eventually, with a parlij. I, ],iirtli;\?e(l a fiuc establishment in the
city of Ottawa, 111., which Wiis renin, Icltd and thoroughly refitted,
but had only been in operation under its new proprietors for the
space of three days when it was destroyed by fire, and he found him-
self in very straitened circumstances. But he was not wholly dis-
couraged, and, adopting the motto, "Where there's a will there's a

way," he borrowed $150 of a friend, purchased a second-hand travel-
ing car, repaired and refitted it, and, locating himself on the public
square, opened for business within a week of the disaster.

In this venture he was eminently successful; but, his quarters
proving too narrow for his increasing business, he soon after entered
into partnership with an artist of Ottawa. This, however, proved an
unprofitable venture, aud he very soon sold out his interest.

During the next two years he spent considerable time in Chicago,
with the intention of entering into permanent business there. But
he finally took the mistaken, though well-meant, advice of a friend,
and removed to Ohio, only to meet disappointment. After seeking
an eligible location for several months, he eventually located in Nor-
walk, when he rented the gallery over the First National Bank, taking
possession Oct. 1, 1869, and began business under very discouraging
circumstances. For six months his expenditures considerably ex-
ceeded his receipts; but, continuing undaunted, at the end of one
year his prospects had greatly brightened. In this location he
remained five years, at the end of which period his business had
entirely outgrown his facilities. He accordingly leased the second
story over two stores in the new Flinn block, aud fitted the rooms at
great expense in modern style, and at the present time has one of the
largest and most conveniently arranged galleries to be found in any
provincial town of the State.

Mr. Butt's reputation as an artist is excellent and wide-spread, and
his work extends to every State in the Union. His studio is tastefully
arranged and decorated, and is familiarly known throughout the
county. He makes the production of large pictures a specialty, and
is ably seconded in his business by a competent corps of three or four
employes which he keeps constantly at work. His establishment is
an honor to the town, and has become a prominent place of resort.
Mr. Butt also keeps on hand a fine assortment of artists' goods and
materials. His success has been very gratifying.

It is proper, in this connection, to state that Mr. Butt enlisted in
the Union army, in 1862. He was commissioned first lieutenant of
his company, and remained until disabled by sickness, when he was
sent to the hospital and soon after discharged.

HISTOEY OF HUKON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

159

CHURCHES

IS-il — PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL.

Early in the year 1818 the first public religious
services in the township were held at the log house of
Piatt Benedict and consisted of reading the service of
the Protestant Episcopal Church and a sermon, by a
layman. After that, and on the completion of the
new court house (now Central hotel on Whittlesey
avenue), those services were kept up with more or less
regularity for some years. In a letter written by Mrs.
Ruth Boalt, wife of Capt. John Boalt and mother of
Charles L. Boalt, to her daughter, in Watertown, N.
Y., and dated .June 13, 1820, she says:

"We have' no minister with us, but I have the
pleasure to inform you that this society meets at the
court house every Sabbath and reads the church ser-
vice and a sermon. * * * Lester read the sermon
last Sabbath."

On January 20, 1821, a number of persons of Nor-
walk and vicinity, calling themselves members and
friends of the Protestant Episcopal church, met at
Norwalk village. Piatt Benedict was appointed chair-
man and William Gardiner elected clerk. The fol-
lowing named persons were then enrolled as members
or friends of the church: Piatt Benedict, Luke
Keeler. Amos Woodward, William Gardiner, Ami
Keeler, William Woodward, Gurdon Woodward,
David Gibbs, Moses Sowers, John Keeler, John Boalt,
Samuel Sparrow, Asa Sandford, Henry Hurlbut, E.
Lane, William Gallup, and Enos Gilbert, eleven in
all. Of that number. Ami Keeler is the only survivor.

At that meeting it was voted to organize the parish
of St. Paul's Church, Norwalk, and to adopt the con-
stitution of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the
United States of America, and the following officers
were elected: Amos Woodward, senior warden; Luke
Keeler, junior warden ; Eljenezer Lane, clerk, and
Piatt Benedict, John Keeler, John Boalt, Ebenezer
Lane, and Asa Sanford, vestrymen. As no clergyman
was then to be had, Piatt Benedict, John Boalt, Amos
Woodward, Samuel Sparrow and Ebenezer Lane were
chosen as lay readers.

The occasion of tills meeting was the visit of the
Rev. Mr. Searle, an Episcopal minister, who, on the
next day, January 21, 1820, performed divine service,
(the first in Norwalk) and also administered the rite
of infant baptism to Louisa Williams, Theodore Wil-
liams, William Gallup and Eben Lane. These were
also the first baptisms in Norwalk. On the next day
he baptized one adult, Henry Hurll)ut, and also the
children of Captain John Boalt, as follows: Amanda,
Clarissa and Martha.

From that time on to 1826 meetings and lay read-
ings were kept up and at long intervals the Rev. Mr.
Searle made other visits and administered many bap-
tisms.

In August, 182G, Rev. C. P. Bronson was engaged
to officiate for such portion of his time as funds could
l)e raised to pay him for. In 1828 efforts were made

to raise means with which to build a church, and Mr.
Bronson was sent east to solicit assistance. The re-
sult was that on his return he reported the collection
of donations amounting to one thousand three hun-
dred and thirty-one dollars and twenty-five cents, but
did not offer to pay over the funds and never did.
This unfortunate affair discouraged the enterprise.
Bronson's connection with the church was severed in
1829 and no minister was employed until 1833, when
Rev. John P. Bausman took charge at a salary of $400
per year for two-thirds of his time. He remained
only one year. Then a Mr. Eaton officiated as a lay
reader, — services still being held in the court house —
and the congregation was called together by Ami
Keeler blowing a tin horn.

In 1835 Rev. E. Punderson to<)k charge and re-
mained about four years.

At the time the first eSort, already mentioned, was
made to raise funds to build a church edifice, in 1828,
the site of the present church and burying ground
(four acres) was purchased in the name of St. Paul's
Church from White, Tweedy and Hoyt for sixty-one
dollars. The deed is recorded July 12, 1828, in vol-
ume five of deeds at page six hundred and ten.

In 1834 another effort was made to pi-ovidea build-
ing and proved so far successful that the larger part
of the present sti'ucture was erected at a cost of two
thousand and twenty dollars. It was completed in
1835 and was consecrated by Bishop Mcllvaine, June '
26, 1836.

In 1837 the original organ (now rebuilt) was pur-
chased of A. Backus, Esq., of Troy, N. Y., at a cost
of six hundred and sixty dollars.

In 1839, Rev^ Anson Clark, of Medina, took charge
until September, 1840, when, on account of ill-health,
he severed his connection as pastor, and went south,
but returned and took charge again in February,
1841, only to remain until June of the same year.

Novem'ber 1, 1841, Rev. J. J. Okill, of New York,
took charge, but resigned November 14, 1842.

December 18, 1842, Rev. Alvan Guion took charge
at a salary of three hundred and seventy-five dollars,
but "if the vestry found it inconvenient to j)ay that
amount, he was to accept three hundred and fifty
dollars." He resigned May 2, 1844.

September 30, 1844, Rev. Sabiu Hough, of Mic-
higan, took charge at a salary of four hundred dollars
j)er year, and house rent free.

About May 1, 1846, he resigned, because "ho
believed several of the leading doctrines of the
church were at great variance from the ])rincij)les of
eternal truth."

April 7, 1847, Rev. Edward Winthroii, of Maiietta,
was called and took charge at a salary of five hundred
dollars, remaining until a disease of the throat con-
strained him to resign in 1854.

June 26, 1854, Rev. George Watson, of Oswego,
New York, was called and took charge at a salary of
eight hundred dollars, and remained until June 27,
1864. He was followed by Rev. Henry TuUidge on

HISTOEY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Marcli -,'5, lSfi5, wlio resigned April 22, 18G7. Rev.
William Newton took charge May 8, 1867,. and re-
signed June 26, 1870. Rev. H. H. Morrell took
charge October 1, 1870, and resigned April 6, 1874;
and the Rev. R. B. Balcom, the present incumbent,
took charge July 15, 187-4.

Benedict Chapel was erected in 1863-4, at a cost of
about four thousand dollars, of which amount Piatt
Benedict contributed about -one thousand and five
hundred dollars, — hence its name.

In 1868, a bell was purchased and placed in the
tower, at a cost of about four hundred dolhuv.

1823-METHODIST EPISCOPAL.

Tn the year 1818, Rev. Alfred Brunson. who is vet
living, was appointed to the Huron circuit, of which
New Haven was the most southerly appointment, and
which, on an irregular path, reached to Venice, a few
miles west of the city of Sandusky, thence easterly
through the township of Perkins to the mouth of Black
River, embracing twenty-four appointments which
are reached by two hundred miles of travel. • One of
these twenty-four appointments was at Hanson Reeds,
about two miles south of Norwalk, and this was the
first Methodist preaching in the vicinity of Norwalk.
At the same place, the first Methodist Sunday school
was organized in 1823. During this year True Pat-
ter and James Mclntyre were appointed circuit
preachers of Huron Circuit, and a preaching place
was established in Norwalk with a class of seven
members, which had increased in the following year to
thirteen. Hanson Reed, Lester Clark, Job T. Rey-
nolds, John Laylin, Charles Laylin (for many years a
local minister), Daniel Stratton, Jabez Clark, Perry
Beckwith, James Wilson, Armon Roscoe, A. Powers,
Prudence Inman, Thomas Holmes,- Ollie Clark and
Jane Buchanan, were its members.

The book of the recoixling steward shows that these
faithful ministers received for their services the sum
of fifty dollars, of which sum Norwalk contributed
about ten dollars. The pay was, no doubt, thank-
fully received, but it is not supposed that any of it
was used in speculation. In the years 1826 and 1827
Shadrach Ruark and Adam Poe supplied the work and
shared the hospitalities of the pioneers. The follow-
ing entry occurs in the official record of the year 1826:

"August 21st, 1826. — This day paid to Bro. S.
Ruark, seventy-two cents, the same being the money
received at a collection made at a meeting in Nor-
walk, yesterday. M. Kf.llo«c». Circuit Steward."

In the year 1829, John Hiizzard and Cyrus S. Car-
penter were appointed preachers, and on the 24th of
November, 1829, a lot was purchased of E. Whittle-
sey & Co., near the east end of Seminary street, and
soon after a ciiurch was built. In 184.5, the church
and i)arsoniige were sold for <lebt, but the church was
redeemed the following year ; the parsonage, in the
mean time, was consumed by fire. In 1843, Norwalk
was separated from the rest of the circuit and placed
uinlci- th.' pastoral care of Edward .Mc-Clurc. but the

following year it was strengthened by the addition of
Milan, which arrangement lasted but a few years,
when Norwalk became self supporting. On the 25th
day of December, 1853, the society, at the call of the
pastor. Rev. J. A. Mudge, met and appointed a board
of trustees. The trustees immediately organized and
took possession of lot No. 12, corner of Benedict*
avenue and Main street, dedicated by E. Whittlesey,
Esq., acting, in fact, as trustee for himself and
others, to the building of a "meeting house." A
subscription was commenced January 4th, 1854. and
on the 26th day of October, 1856, the church, an ex-
cellent one for its time, was dedicated by Dr. Edward
Thompson.

Extensive repairs and changes were made under the
pastorate of Rev. A. Palmer in 1867, and a sermon
was preached at the re-opening by Bishop Kiugsley.

A number of the presiding elders of the district,
and preachers of Norwalk, have risen to eminence in
the church. In early days, Russel Biglow was pre-
siding elder. Those who heard him, never forget
the most remarkable man, as a minister, of his day.
With eloquence like a flame of fire, and pathos, piety
and energy, that none could stand unmoved before,
his praise filled the land ; but he died in 1834, when
only forty-two years of age. L. B. Gurley was the
poet preacher. Dr. Edward Thompson, brilliant as
a writer and very able as a preacher, afterwards a
Bishop, is well remembered in this place. W. L.
Harris, with fine executive ability, once a minister
here, is the business Bishop of the church, and few
churches have, taking the whole list together, ever
been more faithfully or ably served. The present
membership of the church is three hundred and fifteen,
with a very flourishing Sunday school of over two
hundred scholars.

Since 1830, the church has been served by the follow-
ing ministers: 1830, J. Janes, J. Ragan ; 1831, E.
Chase, A. Minear ; 1832, A. Minear, C. S. Carpen-
ter ; 1833, H. 0. Sheldon, E. Thompson : 1834, J.
Wheeler, E. C. Gavitt ; 1835, L. Hill, J. M. Gos-
horn, D. Burns; 1836, L. Hill, Thomas Barkdull;
1837, Hiram Shaffer, J. M. Goshorn; 1838, T.
Dunn, W. C. Huestis ; 1839, W. J. Wells, C. Saw-
yer ; 1840, T. Dunn, W. R. Disbro ; 1841, David
Gray, W. R. Disbro ; 1842, J. McMahon, T. Cooper;
1843, E. McClure : 1844, Thomas Barkdull, W. C.
Pierce ; 184.5, Joseph Jones, W. C. Pierce ; 1846, H.
S. Bradley, L. S. Johnson ; 1847, W. L. Harris ;
1848, M. Rowley : 1850, E. S. Grumley : 1851, Jesse
Durbin ; 1852, Thomas J. Gard : 1853, J.- A. Mudge;
1855-6, E. R. Jewitt : 1857, C. L. Foote ; 1858, S.
Mower : 186(), W. H. Seeley ; 1862, J. A. Mudge ;
1864, Thomas Barkdull ; 1865, T. Hartley : 1866,
A. R. Palmer : 1869, T. F. Hildreth : 1872, F. M.
Searlos : 1875. K. Persons : 1878, J. S. Rroudwell.

1830 — FIRST PRESBYTERI.\X.

This church "was organized on the 11th of February.
1S3»I. bv Rev. Messrs. A. H. Betts. Daniel \V.

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

101

Lathrop and Jolni Beacli. It consisted of nine mem-
bers- — five males and four females. It was organ-
ized as a Congregational church, and taken under the
care of the Presbytery of Huron. Rev. John Beach
was the stated supply of this in connection with the
church in Peru, sustained in part by the Home Mis-
sionary Society. He remained here untill some time in
18.31, when he removed to Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Tlie church was then supplied once in two weeks by
Rev. E. Barber, who was the principal of the Huron
Institute at Milan. His successor was Rev. Chajjin
R. Clark who commenced his labors in September,
183-3, and continued them one year.

Rev. Stephen Saunders, of Milan, formerly a much
esteemed pastor of a church in Salem, New York,
afterwards supplied for a few months, until feeble
health prevented his further labors. He died in the
early part of the year 183.5.

In the spring of 1835, the organization of the
church was changed from Congregational to Pres-
byterian, and on March 7, 1836, an act of incorpora-
tion was obtained, giving the society a legal existence
under the name of the First Presbyterian Church
and congregation of Norwalk, Huron county, Ohio.

In March, 1835, on the suggestion of Rev. Mr.
Judson, of Milan, an invitation was sent by the
church to the Rev. Alfred Newton, of Connecticut,
to visit them, with a view of being employed as pastor
should there be mutual satisfaction. Having previ-
ously determined to make the west his field of labor,
he was the more ready to receive the proposition with
favor; and accordingly complied with the invitation.
He commenced his labors here on the first Sunday in
July, 1835. The church, then, was not only small
in members, but weak in pecuniary resources. The
whole taxable property of its members and supporters,
according to tlie duplicate of that year, did not ex-
ceed ten thousand dollars. Aid had been received
yearly from the Home Missionary Society, but when
Mr. Newton came, the church became at once self-
sustaining, and has always remained so.

In re36, and again in 1837^ Mr. Newton was un-
animously invited to become the pastor of the church,
but each time declined, wishing, before he became
permanently settled, to see the issue of efforts which
were then being made for the erection of a liouse of
worship.

Services were held in the academy until its destruc-
tion by fire in February, 1836. Another place of
worship was soon extemporized in the attic of a brick
block on West Main street. It was an unfinished
room, with naked rafters and walls. Unplaned boards
without backs were the seats for the audience, and the
pulpit was constructed of tea chests and dry goods
boxes. With theee primitive appointments, the
church continued to hold its meetings on the Sab-
bath from February to June, when the old court
house WHS secured.

This was the place of meeting for more than a year.
Meanwhile the society was taking vigorous measures

to secure a building of its own. In 1837 a lot was
procured and work begun. The church was finished
about the first of July, 1838, at a cost of about ten
thousand dollars, including lot and organ. It was
dedicated on the 24th of July. On the same day,
also, Mr. Newton was installed pastor by the pres-
bytery.

The church worshiped in the building that was
then dedicated for more than thirty years, but it was
at length felt to be inadequate to their necessities. In
1867, a movement began in the congregation to secui-e
a new house of worship. With various hindrauces
and discouragements, this was prosecuted until the
completion, in 1870, of the present sanctuary, at a
cost, with the lot, of about twenty-five thousand dol-
lars. It was dedicated on the last Sabbath of July,
1870, with a debt of about five thousand dollars rest-
ing upon it. This proved to be a heavy burden upon
the society. In January, 1878, a vigorous attempt was
made to reduce it, and- by the 1st of May, 1879, the
last dollar had been paid, so that now the church is
entirely free from debt. On the day of dedication
Dr. Newton laid aside the official care of the church,
which he had borne faithfully for thirty-five years.

In an historical discourse from which much of the
preceding facts have been gathered, preached by Dr.
Newton on concluding the twenty-fifth year of his
ministry in the church, June 24, 1860, he was able to
report that since the organization of the church the
membership had increased from nine to one hundred
and fifty, and that more than sixty thousand dollars
had been contributed for religious and educational
purposes at home and abroad. Since then the annual
contributions have increased rather than diminished.

Dr. Newton, after his resignation, continued with
the church, as pastor emeritus, until his death, which
occurred the 31st of December, 1878. The funeral
services were held in the church, on the second day
of January, 1879. His presence was sadly missed,
not in the church only, to which he had given the
best years of his life, but throughout the hole com-
munity, which knew him only to esteem hi_:_ for his
many christian virtues. He rests from his Irbors,
but his works follow him.

When Dr. Newton resigned the pastoral office, Rev.
Henry H. Rice was unanimously elected to succeed
him. He remained with the church for four years,
resigning in the fall of 1874, and was soon after called
to the Westminster church of Sacramento. For
nearly a year the church was without a pastor. In the
summer of 1875, Rev. James D. Williamson, the pres-
ent pastor, was invited to supply the pulpit for a year.
Afterwards he was invited to accept the office of pas-
tor, and was installed October 3, 1876.

The churcii numbers at present two hundred and
twenty-five members.

The Sabbath school was organized in 1835, and lias
always enjoyed a fair degree of prosperity. It has
had but two superintendents .since its organization,
Messrs. C. L. Latimer and N. S. C. Perkins. The

iiyz

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

former was superiiitcudeiit till his removal to Cleve-
laiid in 1862, and the latter has held the position
ever since. The school numbers about two hundred
teachers and scholars.

Through much self-denial, the church has done its
work, attained its present strength and secured its
commodious and well appointed house of worship.
If its growth has not been rapid, it has been constant,
and the present condition of the church warrants the
belief that the record of the future will be us good,
at least, as that of the past.

18.35— FIRST BAPTIST.

The first settlers of Huron county were of New Eng-
land origin, and as soon as a home was established in
the wilderness, and the immediate needs of the body
supplied, their thoughts turned naturally to those
spiritual blessings for which the soul longs, aud they
])rovided for their wauts by the speedy organization
of churches. Among these, several, holding Baptist
sentiments, met September 20, 1818, and after con-
sultation, constituted a church to be designated the
Baptist Church of Ridgefield,. Its constituent mem-
bers were Asahel Morse, Lemuel Raymond, Francis H.
Johnson and Clarissa Ann Morse. Others soon joined
them by letter, and at the close of the first year their
numbers had increased to twenty members, all living
in what are now Huron and Erie counties. Their cen-
tral place of meeting was in Ridgefield, in a school
house on the ridge road, midway between Norwalk
and Monroeville, but, as the members were widely
scattered, meetings were held for sixteen years at
different places, from Bloomingville. on the north, to
Fairfield south, and from Norwalk to Bellevue.
Itinerant pastors were expected to fill each appoint-
ment once a month. Success attended their labors
and many were added to the church.

In 1832, twenty-nine were dismissed to form the
first Baptist Church in Fairfield.

In January, 183.5, a vote was passed locating per-
manently in Norwalk, and the name ehauged to "The
First Baptist Church of Norwalk." They numbered
at that time sixty-three members. Soon after this,
members were dismissed to constitute churches in
Bronson, Peru, Monroeville and Bellevue. Until
this time they had met in school-houses, private
houses and barns, but at the same meeting at which
they voted to locate in Norwalk, they took measures
to erect a house of worship, and appointed P. G.
Smith, Theodore Baker, Timothy Baker, David
Webb aud Moses Kimball, trustees, to obtain a char-
ter, purchase a lot and raise the necessary funds.
The result of this action was the purchase of their
present location, and the erection of a brick edifice,
forty by sixty feet, at a cost of about four thousand
dollars, which was dedicated June 26, 1836, by
Rev. E. Tucker, of Buffalo. This house was occu-
pied for worship just forty years, until July, 1876,
when it was removed to give place to a larger and
more elegant building.

The first settled pastorate of the church was made
in 1821, and, recognizing the obligation to sustain
constantly the preaching of the Word, they have
since then had a succession of faithful laborers, whose
efforts have l>eeu accompanied by the Divine blessing.

The Sabbath school interest early claimed attention,
and a school was opened in 1820, and sustained for '
several seasons, in which the elementary branches of
the English language were taught, in addition to in-
structions in Bible truths. Then the members united
with others in union Sabbath schools, until the first
church was dedicated, when a church school was or-
ganized, and has continued its work to the present
time, without interruption. It numbers now two
hundred. During these years, five hundred and
forty persons have been baptised into the fellowship
of the church. In 1878 it numbered two hundred
aud fifty-seven. The whole number admitted to its
membership is twelve hundred aud eighteen. It has
always been in full and hearty accord with all the
benevolent and evangelizing activities of the age, and
by an earnest co-operation with other organizations
seeking the same object still endeavors to perform its
l)art in bringing human hearts and lives into harmony
with the Divine Law, aud the perfect life of the great
teacher, Christ.

1840— ST. PETER'S (C.4TH0LIC.)

St. Peter's Church was formed in 1840-1, by Rev.
Freigang, with a congregation of about thirty families.
In 1850, there were about eighty families, aud in
1860, nearly one hundred aud fifty. Tlw? church
building was erected in 1840-1, at a cost of about
seven hundred dollars, the laud for its use being
donated by Jlr. Whyler who gave it in trust to James
Me3-ers. In 1842-3, the building, proving too small
for the accommodation of the congregation, was en-
larged. The attendants of this church at this time
came from Monroeville, Milan and the country sur-
rounding Norwalk. Since its organization it has
seen mauy changes, owing to the rapid growth and
settlement of the country which was the cause of
many of its members withdrawing and forming new
churches.

In 1841-2, and until 1843, Rev. Mathew Alicks, a
Redemptorist, was pastor, and finished the church
begun by Rev. Freigang. In 1843, Rev. Frank
Aloysius Bruiier, a Passionist father, ministered to
the church, and in 1844, Rev. Machboeuf, from
Sandusky and Tiffin, attended it. The same year,
1844, a deed of the church property was given to
Bishop Purcell, by Jos. Meyer. From 1845 until
1851, the congregation was alternately attended by
Rev. Machboeuf and the Passionist fathers from
Thompson, Ohio. From 1851 to 1853, it was at-
tended by Rev. Charles Evrard. In 1853, Rev.
Nicholas Roupp came to the charge, aud remained one
year, after which the church was closed for thirteen
months. In 1855, a mission was given by Bishop
Rappe and Father Luhr. Three months afterwards,

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

103

Father Punchell aiTi veil and remained, residing in the
liouse belonging to St. Peters, bnt attending St.
Mary's until his death in 1860.

The dedication of the church took jjlace in June,
1846, by Bishop Purcell, of Cincinnati, Rev. Mach-
boenf, Peter Anton, John Wittmer and others being
present. Rev. Manclerc attended old St. Peter's until
about August, 1860, boarding at a private house near
the church, while the jjarsonage was occupied by Rev.
Punchell. From September, 1860, until August,
1861, Rev. Dolweck was in charge; and from Septem-
ber, 1861, until October, 1865, Rev. X. Obermiller,
with Rev. Dambach as assistant, was in eharge.

A school house was built in 1858 and 1859, at a cost
of about one thousand dollars. First attendance was
about seventy-tive to one hundred. The present at-
tendance is about thirty-five.

In 1867-8, the people living in the village, separated
from the church, and became a new and distinct con-
gregation, being at first called New St. Peter's
Church, but afterwards St. Paul's. Forty families
remained with the old church. The separation took
place during the pastorate of Father Magenhause,
who was succeeded by Father Kuhn, both churches
being under his charge, also under charge of his suc-
cessor Rev. Dechant. From the year 187"2, each con-
gregation had its own pastor. Rev. Drolshagen suc-
ceeded Rev. Dechant, and remained in charge of the
old church until 1873, at which time Rev. G. Peter
took charge of the pastorate, and remained until
October, 1875, when Rev. Peter Kolopp, the present
pastor, succeeded him. The present congregation
numbers about thirty families.

In 1859-60, the English speaking portion of the
congregation separated from the old church, and under
Father Punchell, formed St. Mary's Church on Milan
street. In 1864-5, those of the congregation who
lived at Milan, left, and attended services at St.
Peter's.

1851 — LUTHERAN.

This church was organized June 29, 1851, the con-
gregation at that time consisting of sixty-four voting
members, under the pastorate of Rev. Yincens Klein.
The lot was donated by A. J. Dewalt, and is located
on Prospect street, east side, north of League street.
The congregation commenced to build in 1852, and
in 1854 completed a substantial brick church, at a
cost of two thousand two hundred dollars. At a later
period dissensions arose among the members of the
congregation, which so reduced it in numbers that in
1874 there were but five voting members. In that
year Rev. A. C. Ulrich, the present pastor, came to
the church. In 1870 a parsonage was built at a cost
of eight hundred and fifty dollars. Under his minis-
trations the church was destined to recover much that
had been lost, and in 1879 the number of voting
members was twenty-seven and the total number of
confirmed members, ninety-eight. The congregation
comprises (1879) one hundred and forty children and

adults. Sunday school is held regularly, under the
superintendency of Wm. Himberger, and has from
thirty-five to forty members. The church belongs to
the Evangelical Lutheran joint synod of Ohio and
adjacent States.

1859 — ST. Mary's (catholic).

St. Mary's church was built about the year 1859
under the supervision of Rev. Mr. Pontial, its first
pastor, who was of French parentage. He died in
1800, before its completion, and was succeeded by
Rev. John Quinn who finished the building, and con-
tinued in charge of the pastorate some four years. He
in turn was succeeded by Rev. T. P. Thorpe, who offi-
ciated as its pastor four years. At the organization of
the church about thirty families of that faith, compris-
ing some one hundred and twenty persons, belonged to
the congregation. In 1869 the congregation num-
bered four hundred, and in 1879 about five hundred
persons. The cost of the church was some twelve
thousand dollars, the funds for the building of which
were raised in part by subscription, part by festivals,
and a part fi'om the chui-ch fund. The parochial
residence, a two story brick building, costing three
thousand dollars, was erected irt 1863, under the su-
pervision of Rev. John Quinn, the pastor in charge at
that time. The present jDastor is Rev. T. F. Halley,
who has been in charge over eleven years.

A substantial school house was erected on the
church property in 1865, by Rev. T. P. Thorpe. Its
cost was four thousand dollars. At its organization
the school had an attendance of about eighty, but as
time passed and the congregation increased in num-
bers it was found necessary to erect another building
to accommodate all. A site consisting of four lots on
the corner of League and State streets, was secured,
and a school house built, costing, inclusive of all,
about eight thousand dollars. The funds for building
the school house and purchasing the lots were obtained
in the same manner as for building the church. This
church is also possessed of two lots on Milan street,
which are valued at eight hundred dollars.

1864. — ADVEXT CHRISTIAN.*

The commencement of this church was in the au-
tumn of 1842, by a mutual assembling together of
persons from the various churches, and others in the
town and vicinity, interested in the doctrine of the
speedy personal coming of Christ, for worship, and
more particularly to examine the Bible upon this sub-
ject. It was not the design then, or for a length of
time thereafter, to organize another religious denomi-
nation; but as they advanced in knowledge of Bible
testimony, they became more and more confirmed in
its truthfulness, and as the churches refused to exam-
ine the subject, or tolerate its introduction into their
meetings, they Avere driven to this alternative, or
abandon the doctrine. This was the true cause of its
organization.

•Prepared by Prudden Ailing, Esq.. two weeks before his deatli

HISTORY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

Amongst the persons who took a prominent part
in tlie meetings of that and the two succeeding years,
the following may be mentioned, then residing in
Norwalk and Bronson, viz: James D. Knaj^p, Prud-
den Ailing and family, Simeon B. Sturges, Era Clark
and family, Abel Herrick and family, John Covell
and family, Edmund Mead and wife. Paul G. Smith,
Nathan L. Thayer and wife. Daniel Boon, Ager B.
Hoyt and wife, Ira Curtiss and wife, Mr. and Mrs.
Boss. In later years othei's from the various churches
and by conversions from the outside world, became
interested in this and kindred doctrines of the Bible
peculiar to this people, and united with them in wor-
ship. Their distinctive doctrines are these:

1. They believe in the personal coming and reign
of Christ on the earth during the millennium, as taught
in the twentieth chapter of Revelation.

2. At the beginning of which period the righteous
dead will be raised, the living saints changed from
mortal to immortality, and will reign with Christ
during the thousand years.

3. They now believe the intermediate state be-
tween death and the resurectiou of both the righteous
and the wicked, is that of unconsciousness.

4. They believe, as the wicked do not lay hold of
Christ as their life-giver, and neglect to seek for im-
mortality, they fail of that attribute, and consequently
will be raised up at the end of the one thousand years
to a mortal life, and will fall under the power of the
second death, being the .wages of sin, which will be an
extinction of •being, and eternal in its results.

5. Some believe that as all the family of man that
have "died in Adam" will be raised up in the resur-
rection to another life, that all who have lived and
died in unavoidable ignorance of a saving knowledge
of God's plan of salvation, in this or previous dispen-
sations, will then have the opportunity of hearing of
Him who died for all and tasted death for every man,
and'of accepting or rejecting Christ for themselves;
then their due time for hearing of Him will have
come.

G. The belief in or the rejection of these doctrines
or any part of them, is not made a test of fellowship.
Their only test is Christian character.

7. Their creed is simply this: " We, whose names
are hereto attached, do hereby associate ourselves to-
gether as the Church of Christ in Norwalk and vicin-
ity, and agree to take the Bible as our only rule of
faith and practice." This was adopted January 18,
1803.

8. They practice mimersion, after believing, alone
as baptism.

9. They organized themselves into a body corpo-
rate August 3, 18G4.

After perfecting an organization they purchased
from M. A. Dunton the building and lot formerly
owned by the Methodist church, on Seminary street,
for eight hundred dollars. A part of the lot was af-
terward- sold to T. R. Strong for one hundred and

twenty-five dollars. The building was repaired and
seated at a cost of about three hundred dollars, and
was occupied as a house of wor.ship until the winter
of 1873-73, when it was found so illy adapted to their
wants that it was resolved to make an effort to rebuild.
A subscription was circulated, and about one thousand
four hundred dollars obtained. It was thereui>on re-
solved to rebuild or remodel the whole structure ex-
cept the frame. The following building committee
■was appointed for that purpose, and were instructed
not to run the church into debt, viz: Simeon F. Rog-
ers, David C. Jefferson, James D. Knapp, Orange
Seaman and Hiram Dillingham. The building was
duly finished, and was dedicated by Elder Frank
Burr, of Chicago, on the 29th of June, 1873. It has
been used as then furnished to the present time, as a
heuse of worship. There is one peculiararity in its
heating arrangement worthy of notice, which is this:
It has a tight basement, with two large stoves placed
in the south side, and with pipes running through its
entire length under the two outside rows of seats, with
two or more registers in each seat, opened at will, for
the rise of the heat. This plan is found to work ad-
mirably for warming the feet and heating the building.
In addition to this there are two long box tubes set
under the back seat and co^ ered with wires, placed
even with the floor, each about twelve by twenty
inches in size, and extending down to near the bottom
of the basement, which creates a downward draft for
the cold air. This keeps up a constant circulation
and prevents a fetid atmosphere, as is often experi-
enced in the ordinary mode of heating churches and
other buildings. The experiment has i>roved a suc-
cess worthy the attention of other churches erecting
similar edifices.

From the beginning up to the present time its his-
tory has been more variable than is usually witnessed
in other denominations, caused in part by the pecu-
liarity of their doctrines, and partly from this other
fact, that with them were associated members from
nearly every other denomination in the land, all tinc-
tured, more or less, with their earlier educational
biases. Since 1843 their meetings have been kept up
in town or vicinity, on Sunday, and usually pji-ayer
meetings once a week. A part of this time they were
favored with ministering brethren, who were formerly
members of the orthodox denominations, viz: Presby-
terian, Congregational, Baptist, Freewill Baptist,
Methodist and others, amongst whom may be men-
tioned Elders Charles Fitch, J. B. Cook, Thomas
Carlton, N. M. Needham, J. M. Judson, L. P. Jud-
son, Butler Morley, Mr. Boggs, Frank Burr, Cyrus
Mendenhall, Mr. Surgerson and D. T. Call, their
present minister. Also, Dr. G. W. Stetson, who was
with them some years, and Jonas Wardcll. Their
irregular ministry was alwa)^s a hindrance, both in the
advancement of the church in members and spiritu-
ality. Their members have varied from twenty up to
one hundred or more. Their present membership is
about sixt^', embracing some living at a distance.

HISTOKY OF HURON AND ERIE COUNTIES, OHIO.

1G5

1867 — t'ONGREfiATIONAL.

This Church was organized in the court house at Nor-
■wallv, December 19, 1867. For several mouths pre-
vious, 2)reacliiug services, sustained by those of Con-
gregational preferences, had been held in the court
house on Sunday afternoons, under the ministrations
of Rev. A. S. Walsh. The church was organized with
fifty-four members. These were mostly drawn from
the Congregational Church of Bronson township,
which was thereby disbanded. A number of them,
however, were Congregationaltsts of Norwalk, who
had until then united with no church in that place,
and a very few were members of other churches but
of congregational antecedents or preferences, who now
availed themselves of this opportunity of becoming
identified with that denomination.

Soon after the organization, the court house being
no longer at their command, the Congregationalists
were very cordially invited by tJie Protestant Episco-
X)al Church to occupy its house of worshij). The
oSer was gladly accepted, and services were held there
Sunday afternoons until spring, when it was found
more convenient to return to the court house, now
once more available, which was used from this time
until October, 1869, from which time, until the com-
pletion of the new church, the Baptist Cliurch was
occupied by invitation.

In April, 1868, the lot on which the church now
stands was purchased. It was occupied at tlie time
by an old hotel called the Gauff House, which was
under lease, and did not pass into the hands of the
church for a considerable time. When it did, the
prayer meetings, which had been held at the resi-
dences of Mrs. Henry Brown, Mrs. Hoyt, and in
rooms rented by the church on Seminary sti-eet, were
removed thither. The Sunday school was also first
organized in the old hotel, and, when that building
was removed to make room for the church, it was
held by invitation in the Baptist Church till a place
was made for it in the new building. The church as
it now stands was completed early in 1871, and was
dedicated February 2d of that year. It has pi'oven a
pleasant home to those who have occupied it, but
tliey have not yet forgotten the courtesies received
from sister churches, when they were yet pilgrims
and strangers on the earth.

The first superintendent of the Sunday school was
Mr. Charles Seger. The first deacons of the church
were James RowclifiE. John Hagaman and Frederick
Upson. The first trustees were Henry Brown, James
Rowcliff, TJiomas Hagaman, C. W. Mauahau and N.
H. Pebbles. The first pastor after Mv. AValsh was
Rev. C. E. Wright, and his successors have been Rev.
J. W. Cracraft, D.D., and Rev. J. W. Cowan. The
present membership is about two hundred and thirty.
The Sunday school is under the superinteudency of
Mr. Frank B. Foster, and has a membership of about
one hundred and thirty-five. The cost of the church
lot was four thousand dollars: the cost of tlie cliurch
building, twelve thousand dollars.

1868 — ST. PAUL'S, (catholic.)

The German Catholic inhabitants of Norwalk, be-
longed, until the year 1868, to St. Peter's church, on
West Main street, but as their number increased
they wished to have a church nearer the centre of the
beautiful village of Norwalk. They therefore bought
two lots on Hester street, on which they built a
school house, the first story being used for school and
teacher's dwelling, and the second for church pur-
poses. Rev. Father A. Magenhanu superintended in
buying the lots and building the house. The rev-
erend father, after a time of hard work, was ti-aus-
ferred to Mansfield the 1st of September, 1869. Rev. J.
Kuhn was his successor, and was followed on August
20, 1871, by Rev. Father M. Dechaut. The purchase
of lots on Hester street had been a great loss to
the congregation, on account of their unfavorable sit-
uation, and so it happened that pastor and congrega-
tion came to an understanding to buy a more favora-
ble location. Their choice was the property belonging
to W. 0. Parker, consisting of lots forty and forty-
one on Main street. A committee was appointed to
buy said lots, which they did for seven thousand
dollars, which was a high price for the poor congre-
gation to pay, but was cheap on account of the beauty
and good location, for the greater part of the mem-
bers of St. Paul's live on the neighboring streets.
Previous to this, there was no priest's house, Init
uow Father Dechaut removed into the house on the
new purchase, formerly occupied by W. 0. Parker.
On the 10th of December, 1873, Father Dechaut was
transferred to St. Alphons' church, Peru, four miles
southwest from Norwalk, and Rev. A. Eilert was his
successor.

A few months before the generous bankruptcy com-
menced, wages were cut down and money became
scarce, but thanks to the general sacrifices of its
members, the debts, amounting to nearly eight
thousand dollars, were very rapidly reduced. At the
same time, the cemetery, bought a few years pre-
viously by Father Kuhn, and situated on South West
street, was improved. In August, 1875, a comfort-
able dwelling house for the teacher, was built, at a cost
of'one thousand four hundred dollars. On Septem-
ber 1, 1876, that unpleasant place on Hester street
was sold for five thousand dollars. During the same
month a large, new school house was commenced on
the lately purchased proi)erty, and. was so far finished
at Chri